INTRODUCTION:
Successful management of a prepared tooth during prosthodontic treatment helps the dentist gain the patients’ confidence and favorably influence the ultimate success of the final restoration [1]. A good provisional restoration makes the patient comfortable while the final restoration is fabricated. It should satisfy the following requirements: pulp protection, positional stability, occlusal function, easy cleansability, non impinging margins, strength, retention and esthetics. These provisional restorations need to be worn over a long period of time in complex treatment procedures making them an integral part of the treatment planning process. Simultaneously they must maintain their integrity throughout the diagnostic and restorative phases in endodontic, periodontic and implant therapies [2, 3]. In implant dentistry, a conventional method involves using existing or newly constructed removable provisional denture until delivery of final prosthesis. However, provisional restorations that are fixed to the adjacent teeth or those that completely eliminate the possibility for soft tissue contact may be more beneficial for implant integration and soft tissue maintenance[4].
Commercially available types of chemically polymerized provisional materials include ethyl methacrylates, methyl methacrylates and bis-acryl resin composites of which ethyl methacrylates have shown poor wear resistance and bad esthetics. The methyl methacrylates and bis-acryl resin are commonly used and posses a greater market share [5]. In the oral environment - saliva, food components, beverages interact with provisional materials. These may compromise the mechanical properties of provisional materials [6]. Resistance to repeated functional and masticatory loads and intra oral dietary solvents are important parameters in the selection of provisional restorations.
Literature reports suggest significant influence of the chemical environment in the oral cavity on the in-vivo degradations of composite resins[7,8]. Very scanty literature exists on the effects of these agents on the mechanical properties of provisional restorative materials[6,9]. As provisional restorative materials are subjected to masticatory forces, an understanding of the mechanical properties of these materials under simulated oral condition is important in determining whether the restoration will be able to survive repeated functional forces[10].
Literature survey did not reveal any study demonstrating which mechanical property may best aid the clinician in predicting in vivo performance of provisional treatment. However, the modulus of rupture (MOR) also known as flexural strength (FS) and flexural elastic modulus (EF) are the two mechanical properties that have been used as possible predictors of the ability of materials to function in the oral environment [10]. Hardness is used to predict the wear resistance of a material and its ability to abrade opposing dental structures [10].
Composite restoration usage in dentistry is increasing. Because of this interest in the longevity and reliability of composite fillings also is increasing1. One problem that can occur with composite restorations is micro-leakage. This is when microgaps at the tooth-restoration interface allow fluids and bacteria into the restoration2. These gaps are formed when the material is polymerized and shrinks, which causes the material to pull away from the margins of the preporation2. Problems that can arise from micro-leakage are secondary carries, hypersensitivity, pulp stimulation, and marginal discoloration3. This is why dentists are trying to find ways to reduce micro-leakage of composite restorations.
The article Poor Teeth was written by Sarah Smarsh with the goal in mind being to shed light on the issue between upper and lower class society in a particularly concrete way. Teeth and dental health are an easy thing for people to imagine in their head because everyone has a set whether they’re white and shiny or black and rotted. This makes it easy to draw a comparison between people that care for their teeth and those who don’t. However, access to dental knowledge and services which the lower class often times doesn’t have is very different between the poor and the rich. While the rich stroll through life showing off their perfect glossy white rows of teeth, there are less privileged people out there with barren mouths whose weak pale gums
Ceramics are most commonly used in dental applications as restorative materials for crowns, cements and dentures.
The biggest shortcoming of these archaic appliances was the fact that they were subject to decay in the wearer’s mouth. Thus, installed false teeth would have to be replaced on a regular basis, resulting in a very costly procedure. However, this problem was rectified in 1774 by Duchateau and Dubois de Chemant with their invention of the first full set of dentures that would not rot. This was due to their porcelain composition – a material that was much more conducive to the everyday wear and tear of one’s teeth. Although an incredible improvement, even the porcelain version had its difficulties. Unable to produce anything less than a full set of teeth (the surrounding porcelain was required to keep each tooth in place), patients who were missing only one or two teeth were out of luck, unless they were willing to have the rest of their teeth removed as well. And yet, in 1808, Giuseppangelo Fonzi developed the first individual appliance – a single porcelain tooth that could be held in place by a pin drilled into the jawbone. Finally, in 1845, Claudius Ash, known as the official “inventor of dentures”, produced the porcelain version that is now used today. His contributions included a suction method of adhesion for a full set of dentures, so that no form of attachment could be seen by an onlooker.
The first solution for tooth cavities is visiting the dentist and filling the tooth cavities with dentistry. However, it is possible to remove tooth cavities at home in a natural way.
... teeth was 79% and 65% in the permanent first molars. The arrest rate for caries on both permanent and primary teeth was 77%. In comparison, a study done on children in Greenland, the arrest rate for dentinal caries applied with just NaF varnish was only 33%(Ekstrand, et al; 2010)
This project looks at investigating decay, and the rate of decay on teeth using different sugary substances to speed this process up. Obtaining human teeth were not as available as cat and dog teeth for this project, so cat and dog teeth, removed by a veterinarian during a routine dental procedure, will be used.
Denture teeth can be made of acrylic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or composite resins. PMMA is a polymer - a material made the from joining of methyl methacrylate monomers. Properties of PMMA include resistance to abrasion, chemical stability and a high boiling point. (Jun Shen et al. 2011). However, weak flexure and impact strength of PMMA are of concern as they account for denture failure. (Bolayir G, Boztug A and Soygun K. 2013). Composite denture teeth are made of a three distinct phases - filler, matrix and coupling agents. Out of the types of composite teeth available, nano-filled composite teeth are preferred. Composite teeth have a PMMA coating around the tooth and a high content of filler particles. This gives them strength, higher resistance to forces than acrylic teeth and provides compete polymerization due to the PMMA coating. (Anusavice, K. J., Phillips, R. W., Shen, C., & Rawls, H. R, 2012). If the interface between the PMMA denture base and PMMA or composite teeth was weak, the denture will not be able to sustain occlusal forces, making the base-teeth interface, an entity of significance.
Abnormal wear of tooth surfaces was an orthodontic problem early on, even ancient people wanted straight teeth! To close gaps, it has been construed that catgut did the work now done by today’s orthodontic wire. In 400-500 BC, Hippocrates and Aristotle both ruminated about ways to level teeth and fix many dental conditions. It should be noted that in Medieval times, expert barbers often performed dental “operations”, extractions, and procedures such as blood-letting. In seventeen twenty-eight, French Dentist Pierre Fauchard published a book called “The Surgeon Dentist” about ways to straighten and align teeth. He used a device called a “Bandeau,” a horse-shaped piece of precious metal which helped...
Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Patil KD, Molvar MP, Dyer JK (February 1996). "Long-term evaluation of periodontal therapy: II. Incidence of sites breaking down". J. Periodontol. 67 (2): 103–8. doi:10.1902/jop.1996.67.2.103. PMID 8667129
Nowadays the practice of dentistry is becoming more challenging and complex because of the information explosion regarding dental materials and equipment, increasing need for continuous professional development and an increasingly litigious society. Hence there has been a paradigm shift towards evidence-based healthcare .
Impression materials are used to register or reproduce the form and relations of the teeth and the surrounding oral tissues (1). Making an impression represents a critical step in processing and fitting of a dental prosthesis (2). Several types of impression materials are produced. These include silicones, polyether, polysulfide and alginate which are available for crowns and fixed partial denture impressions. Silicone impression materials are considered to be suitable impression materials to use for fixed prostheses (3). Also, it has been reported that silicone has the ability to remain dimensionally stable through disinfection procedures (4). Among silicone impression materials, one type of them, called polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) is reported
Palmer, C. (2013, September 16). American Dental Association. Retrieved January 28, 2014, from ADA: http://www.ada.org/news/8898.aspx
Cosmetic dentistry is a specialized field that deals with improving the aesthetics of teeth and the human face. The teeth are an important part of human beauty. Even minor damage to the teeth, such as breakage or loss can drastically alter the overall appearance of the face. This is where cosmetic dentistry comes in to restore beauty. Cosmetic dentistry has become a highly specialized branch due to various advancements in surgical procedures and diagnostic techniques. Several new materials have also been discovered. These materials are very close to the natural enamel and bone from which teeth are made and are virtually indistinguishable. Cosmetic dentistry is an option in conditions such as teeth loss, gaps between teeth, cracked or chipped teeth, cavities and dental
11. Bagis YH, Baltacioglu IH, Kahyaogullari S. Comparing Microleakage and the Layering Methods of Silorane-based Resin Composite in Wide Class II MOD Cavities. Oper Dent. 2009; 34(5): 578-585.