There are many developmentally appropriate practices for young children especially in regards to reading and writing. Reading aloud to children is one of them. Reading out load to children helps with their reading and writing skills but it also helps builds children’s thinking and reason. two domains to literacy that most teachers and parents seem to forget
Another appropriate practice is building exposure to and concepts about print. This can be done through big books and by point to individual words. By pointing teachers help children realize that words move the story not pictures. It also allows students to realize that words are read right to left and that words have sounds when combined together. (National Association,1998)
To help test a children’s knowledge of print a teacher may take on the practice of small classroom groups. Children who understand print can show off their new found skills and children who have not gained the skill yet can learn through their very own peers.
Children also need to enhance their vocabulary. A practice that helps with this is for teachers to select different genres of readings mixed with questions asked before and after the text. Text not only should have different genres but also different types of wring styles formal and informal. Informal writing and informal writing helps build vocab and shows children the difference between writing that a author connects with . (informal) and writing the author does not connect with on a emotional level(formal ) . Different styles , and genres are introduced to preschoolers but it is important that that teachers realize that students at this age do not understand these concepts , however, children do understand that there is in fact differ...
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...hings. They begin to like dramatic play. Four year olds like to make special friends. They like to test limits . They tend to have more knowledge then words. At this age they like dramatic play and are more elaborate with it then earlier years. Four year olds begin to multi task. Five your olds shy away from being self-centered and are more willing to be part of a group then being the group. They begin to use big words and define them . Fantasy play at this age is more actioned the verbal.
In conclusion, teachers must develop appropriate practices that can help children learn.such as : reading out load and building exposure. They must also use appropriate strategies for metting standards; such as; teacher-determined content and More child initiation and decision making content/ Lastly play and the child’s own chacteristics should help base children learning.
Critique of Nell K. Duke and Victoria Purcell-Gates' Genres at Home and at School: Bridging the Known to the New Nell K. Duke and Victoria Purcell-Gates insightful article, "Genres at home and at school: Bridging the known to the new" reports on genres found at home and at school for two groups of young children from low-socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. Duke and Gates identify genres commonly found in both settings, as well as those commonly found only in one setting or the other. Children encounter many different kinds of text in their daily life. There are many different kinds of written language used for many different reasons, especially at home and at school. This article suggests ways that being aware of genres young children encounter at home and at school offer opportunities to bridge home and school literacies and enhance children's literacy development.
… Being read to has been identified as a source of children’s early literacy development, including knowledge of the alphabet, print, and characteristics of written language. By the age of two, children who are read to regularly display greater language comprehension, larger vocabularies and higher cognitive skills than their
I want to share the experience that I got from reading to the little kids in Washington school. This had been my first time doing community service so I was a little nervous, I didn't think that the kids where going to like me. But when I go to the school and saw the lovable little kids I felt much better. When we got into little groups and started reading they started hugging me and reading along. They made me feel good and I was ready to come back next Thursday. This was the greatest experience that I had ever had, I felt like a teacher and it fells great to have those little kids liking you.
Support from parents has proven to be of extreme importance in the literacy success of a child. This often begins with the simple ritual of “bedtime stories” in the home. Studies show that children who are read to as infants perform better in literacy later in life. From a young age, children begin to understand the workings of the written word if they are exposed to it frequently. Babies who are nowhere near having the mental capacity to read and comprehend a book are still able to “follow along” when their parents or caregivers read to them. These children understand that each segment of writing represents a word and they are even able to recognize when a text is upside-down because they are accustomed to the appearance of writing. This puts the child significantly ahead when the time comes to learn to read.
Children’s writing has a low tendency to be connected to particular contexts, they may have poor or unclear logic in their writing (http://www.english.uiuc.edu/405/Witt/Writing-Project/writing-development.htm[26.11.01]). Children while writing may have poor planning and they may write whatever enters their heads with little concern as to whether the writing connects to what was previously written. If more material is required they may add information without selecting and noticing the relevance of the added information (http://www.english.uiuc.edu/405/Witt/Writing-Project/writing-development.htm [26.11.01]). Bereiter and Scardamalia argue that the writing process of a young student when compared to that of a mature skilled writer will have a vast difference, they can’t be the same, the skilled writer produces a different kind of writing process, the unskilled writer is incapable of such abilities (Grabe & Kaplan, 1996, p.117).
For toddlers it is a learning process and the first thing they learn about print is through their sight (Cowling, 2012). As an educator we can initiate children in early literacy experiences through conversations and play. Early literacy experiences can include a range and diverse activities such play as an alphabetic sensory table that will make connections to letter recognition, writing and reading and many other pathways of literacy. By putting together a sensory table the children have fun and it involves hands on way for them to become exposed to letters. This resources involves foam shaped letters, a sensory table and some containers and scoops, the short coming of this design and application is the fact that as an educator I do not expect toddlers to know the alphabet, however by exposing them to letters early on through play, I can show them that theses letters having meaning and as they get older, not only can they recognise the letters in their names, but also names of their peers and family
Picture books are books in which both words and illustrations are essential to the story’s meaning (Brown, Tomlinson,1996, Pg.50). There are so many different kinds of children’s books. There are books for every age and every reading level. There are many elements that go into picture books such as line and spacing, color and light, space and perspective, texture, composition and artistic media. Picture books are an essential learning element in today’s classroom.
As a teacher, you need to encourage all attempts at reading, writing, speaking, and allowing children to experience the different functions and use of literacy activity (The Access Center, n.d.). Moreover, it is crucial for educators to understand phonological awareness and phonics; know what constitutes good children’s literature and how to use it; know children who need additional assistance with beginning reading and writing (Cunningham et al, 2004 as cited in McLachlan et al, 2013, p. 112). Educators also need to plan effective activities to assist children experience reading aloud, listening to other children read aloud, listening to tape recordings, and videotapes so children have opportunities to integrate and extend their literacy knowledge (The Access Center, n.d.). Morrow (1990 as cited in The Access Center, n.d.) notes that classroom with greater teacher facilitation promote literacy behaviours, so it is educators’ role to provide literacy rich
While I believe every child is a reader, I do not believe every child will be enthralled with reading all the time. All students have the capability to read and enjoy reading, but just like any other hobby, interest will vary from student to student. The students in my classroom will be encouraged in their reading, be provided with choice, taught how books can take you into another world but, my students will not be forced to read. This paper will illustrate my philosophy of reading through the theories I relate to, the way I want to implement reading and writing curriculum, and the methods I will use motivate my students to read and help them become literate.
Every child deserves a positive, safe, nurturing, and stimulating learning environment where they will grow academically, socially, emotionally, and physically. My role as an educator is to provide my students with this type of environment as well as an education that will help them succeed academically and become life long learners. It is the responsibility of a literacy educator to provide students with this type of environment, but also to provide instruction that will help students become successful readers and writers. There are numerous programs and philosophies about literacy and reading. Through years of experience and research, one begins to develop their own creative approach on teaching these skills. After looking at different programs and seeing the positive and negatives of each, an integrated and balanced approach of literacy seems to be the best way to teach the differing needs of each student.
Winch, G., Johnston, R., March, P., Ljungdahl, L., & Holliday, M. (2010). Literacy: Reading, writing and children’s literature (4th ed.). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press.
In the content area in Language Arts, students will develop the reading skills necessary for word recognition, comprehension, interpretation, analysis, and evaluation of print and non-print text activating prior knowledge, processing and acquiring new vocabulary, organizing information, understanding visual representations, self-monitoring, and reflecting. This can be accomplished by implementing pre-reading, during-reading, and post-reading strategies into the lesson plan. Fifth grade students will read and write a variety of texts with greater scope and depth. In addition, they will analyze and evaluate information and ideas by revisiting and refining concepts about the language arts benchmark and will become more refined and independent learners.
As a child enters a classroom they should be surrounded by literacy in every learning center around the room. “A learning center is a defined space where materials are organized in such a way that children learn without the teacher's constant presence and direction.” (Cited Landry, et al., 2014, pg. 12) These areas consist of blocks, dramatic play, music, toys and games, discovery, sand and water, art, easel, writing, library computer and listening. Each center needs to be set up to ensure supervision is assessable from all areas of the room as well as provide child friendly hands-on activities that generate individual creativity, observations and real life experiences. “Children should also receive multiple opportunities to experience specific linguistic concepts in diverse contexts and experiences organized to foster repetition as an integral part of the classroom routine.” (Cited Justice, 2004, pg. 42)
“The single most important activity for building knowledge for their eventual success in reading is reading aloud to children,” a report from 1985 by the commission
The authenticity of Interactive Reading is clear and therefore leads us to explore HOW we, as teachers, incorporate this strategy in our teaching most effectively. Fisher, Flood, Lapp, and Frey's study on "read-aloud practices" provides an excellent, research based framework for the implementation of Interactive Reading based on their observations of teachers in classrooms. Their 7 "essential components of an interactive read-aloud" is a practical guide of using this strategy and can be implimented with all children. These components provide a structure that allows us to teach ALL children (inherently allowing differentiation) while attending to common core state standards. Use of this strategy attends to the understanding of language and literacy development while providing for specific skill instruction in reading and writing.