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Critically assess the role of women in ancient egyptian society
Critically assess the role of women in ancient egyptian society
Critically assess the role of women in ancient egyptian society
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Adequate nutrition has always been a factor in the care for the sick. Florence Nightingale mentions in her book “Notes on Nursing” that proper diet is an essential to healing along with cleanliness and fresh air (Nightingale, 1860, p.8). There have been many ways to feed the ill and the first instance of a feeding tube appeared in ancient Egypt when reeds and animal bladders were used to give the sick a mixture of wine, chicken broth and raw eggs. Documentation of a healer using a hollowed whale bone to feed an ill patient in 1793 also proved further use of feeding tubes throughout history (Greene, 2005). These methods were not standard practice until the 20th century. Especially on battlefields where supplies and time were limited, the injured …show more content…
The invalid feeder continued to be used throughout wars in the 1800’s and into the beginning of the 1900’s. The American Journal of Nursing detailed a list of essential items for a private duty nurse in 1901, which included “Clinical and bath thermometers, hypodermic syringe with tablets, graduate glass, rectal tube, catheter, invalid drinking-cup, and what is found a great convenience, a very small alarm clock” (Hay, 1901). Just as important for the nurse to have was a medical dictionary and an invalid cook book, that supplied recipes for the “preparation of foods for invalids to provide food which will contain a sufficient amount of proper nourishment, and to serve it in a manner as will please the eye of the invalid and stimulate the appetite and the mind” (Barrows, 1905). During times of peace the focus of feeding the invalid was placed on maximizing nutritional value and having the patient want to consume what was prepared for them. Some meals during this time included cream of chicken soup, lemon ice, beef juice, and chicken jelly (Barrows,1905). An article in The American Journal of Nursing explored the value of adding fruit to a diet, “the cooling, appetizing and refreshing qualities of fresh fruits give them an increased value in invalid diet” (Fewell, 1920). The author also mentioned the benefits of the laxative properties of fruit as well as the multitude of ways in which they can be prepared so they would be appetizing to a greater patient population (Fewell,
If a soldier had an injured limb they appear to have had little choice but to have it amputat-ed. Use of the “Guillotine” technique left many soldiers with infections and additional prob-lems
Resection was a process that “involved cutting open the limb, sawing out the damaged bone, and then closing the incision” (Jones, 1). Resection allows the patient to keep his limbs but it requires a great ordeal of time and skill. This also contributed to the common practice of amputation during the war. But there were cases where surgeons did use this method. Terry J. Jones said in his NY Times article, “resections were used more frequently after surgeons learned that amputations had a much higher mortality rate” (Jones, 1). In another article by Corydon Ireland, it describes Mitchell Adam’s, a Harvard lecturer, grandfather who served as a volunteer surgeon during the Civil War. In the article, “Adams was not a champion of hasty amputations, but argued for excision and other limb-saving measures. And he describes the everyday pressures of a country practice in Framingham, Mass” (Ireland, 1). This meant that not all surgeons at the time only wanted to amputate but strived for alternate methods. This new knowledge shows that some surgeons were more dedicated to thinking about the well-being of their patients than others and this opens up to other possibilities that may have occurred during the war. This allows an image to come to mind of a surgeon diligently operating on a soldier with care and compassion. However, even though there may be many possibilities, we can’t truly know every event that occurs during a
Medical science had not yet discovered the importance of antiseptics in preventing infection. Water was contaminated and soldiers sometimes ate unripened or spoiled food. There weren’t always clean rags available to clean wounds. Because of frequent shortages of water, surgeons often went days without washing their hands or instruments. So now germs were passing from patient to patient.
and a bed to sleep in. It was not only used for treating people but
In modern day America, we unknowingly take countless things for granted on a daily basis. For example, we blatantly assume that privileges such as clean hospital rooms, trash services, and preservation have always been provided. In reality, at the time of the civil war, medical and hygienic methods were primitive compared to today’s technology in medicine. A significant difference was the process after death. Modern day embalming was created, as an innovative way to preserve the bodies of fallen soldiers, but has developed into a customary practice that accompanies contemporary mortality.
Because of the lack of knowledge about many ailments, many advances in hospitals were completed. Anesthetics were developed, as well as clinics for rehabilitation and new knowledge was gained on the matter of reconstructive surgery. As a result of scurvy, soldiers frequently required reconstructive bone and joint surgery, just to be able to walk again.
“‘The doctor of the future will no longer treat the human frame with drugs, but rather will cure and prevent disease with nutrition’” (Thomas Edison). Artificial nutrition and hydration dates back to about 3,500 years ago. During this time, Ancient Greeks and Egyptians were performing “rectal feedings”. They injected enemas to insert nutrients into the rectum to preserve health. This was to protect inflamed bowel surfaces or treat diarrhea. It was made from liquids such as wine, milk, whey and wheat or barley broths. Later on, they added eggs and brandy to the mix. Nutrition is the process of consuming food that is necessary for life, health and growth. Hydration is drinking water that is from either fluids or foods. Artificial nutrition and hydration (N&H) is a treatment that gives someone fluids and/or nutrition for their body without them taking it in their mouths and swallowing it. There has been some disagreements whether or not to withdraw or withhold artificial nutrition and hydration for end of life care. “End of life care” is when healthcare workers take care of people who are at the end of their life. Whether it is because they are in old age, very ill or injured, or sick with a disease. The disagreements exist because of it being based on if it is necessary or required to use artificial nutrition and hydration.
Ridley, E. J., Dietet, B. N., & Davies, A. R. (2011). Practicalities of nutrition support in the intensive care unit: the usefulness of gastric residual volume and prokinetic agents with enteral nutrition. Nutrition, 27(5), 509-512. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.010
Death was very near to a girl named Patti, who suffered through anorexia for more than two years. She ate nothing but two cream-filled cookies a day for more than seven weeks. The first cookie was breakfast and lunch, and the second was for her main meal. When she decided that these two cookies had too much fat in them, she proceeded to scrape off the cream filling from both of the cookies to decrease her fat intake. But still that was too much fat, so she cut down to one cookie without the filling. She now gets fed intravenously in her arm to get nourishment in the hospital. She is being fed against her will to save her life. But of course not all cases of this disorder are quite as severe or dramatic as this, yet all cases should be helped, because they can take a...
In the 1700’s things were very different to life today; this included the medicine of the time. The idea of medicine came from the Greeks and they came up with the four humours (consisting of water, fire, air and earth.) By the 1840’s most anaesthetics were accepted as James Simpson presented a powerful case for them; however they didn’t make surgery safer and the amount of people dying from operations increased. The final breakthrough for anaesthetics was when Queen Victoria accepted the use of Chloroform during the delivery of her eighth child. Even though being anesthetised was less painful surgeons did not take any precautions to protect open wounds and infections were spread by the reuse of old bandages!
Nightingale refers to the person as, “The one who is receiving care,” (Alligod & Tomey, 2006). According to Reed and Zurakowski , “Nightingale envisioned the person as comprising physical, intellectual, emotion, social and spiritual components.” The patient will have physical needs such as, sleep, eating, water, and food. If a patient is lacking one of this the patient is at risk of becoming ill. Some patient might not eat their food, since they do not like to eat alone, the nurse should sit with the patient while they eat, or ask a family member to stay with them while they eat. By doing this small change the nurse has resolved the physical need of food and a social need in finding a person to talk to.
Pre hospital care and clinical practice in civilian life is not a new idea, in fact it is has been around in one form or another for roughly 200 years. Its foundations lie in the military. During the Napoleonic wars with a French surgeon named Dominique-Jean Larrey. (1) Pre hospital care has come a long way from hauling fallen soldiers off the battlefield in a horse drawn carriage (1) to transporting patients in a different kind of carriage, a four wheel drive one to be precise. Pre hospital care and clinical practice owes many of its advancements in the 200 years since it has existed to the military. Their practices or research conducted during military conflicts has influenced civilian pre hospital care and clinical practice in the areas of triage systems, transport systems, clinical management, equipment and education to name but a few, but where it has had the most influence has been on the transport systems and clinical practices used. Their uses in the military pre hospital care world have worked particularly well in the civilian world. As a result of such they have been adapted by civilian paramedics quite readily.
Since we have been learning about nutrition in class, our task was to record a food log. Nutrition requires a well-balanced diet containing nutrient and vitamins like amino acids and fatty acids. Over the past seven days I have been recording and have been looking very carefully at my intake of nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and fats. In our task, the objective was to record the basic foods we ate during the period of seven, but it did not require recording every single detail or our intake of food. Doing this food log was a pain and it was disturbing because I never wrote about what I ate like breakfast, lunch, dinner, or additional meals. I found this food log useful because it helped me learn what I can change in my intake of foods to make my diet healthy and to see what about my diet is affecting me from being healthy because I could affect me in the future.
One of my high school best friends was diagnosed with anorexia my junior year of high school. Her condition was not severe, but still very serious because it led her to attempt to kill herself. After coming back to school from being in a mental health institution, she had gained weight from being forced to eat and was more than ever determined to lose the weight that she had gained. Clearly, being forced to eat made her condition worse. Patients with anorexia nervosa who are alarmingly thin, around 15% or so below their expected body weight, are sometimes force fed, more often than not through a tube inserted through their nose. This has raised many questions about if the practice ethical, safe, and the right thing to do. Over the course of the semester, I will explore and examine the issues with forced feeding and argue that forced feeding actually does more harm and the decision should be left up to the patient, their family or a court appointed guardian with the power to make healthcare decisions. As a social work major and someone who has seen what can happen as a result of force feeding anorexic patients, I have a strong interest in this issue because as a social work major, I have a particular interest in working with mental illness patients and this issue not only affects patients suffering from anorexia, but the medical and mental health professionals trying to help them. This topic is important because there are high stakes for the patients and they need effective treatment to recover and be healthy.
Proper nutrition is one of the most essential elements to being healthy and living a long life. People deal with food every day, and food has been a part of life since the beginning of civilization. What we eat becomes our diet, and our diet plays a major role in deciding how healthy we are and how well our body functions. Without proper diet, our body cannot carry out the functions it needs to perform. Most people have some common knowledge on what is good and what is bad for the human body to consume. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains are some common items people think of when they think of healthy foods. However, it is not enough just to know what foods are good for your body, it is also important to understand why certain foods are good for you and what they do to help the body function.