On Earth bacteria has lived for many of billions of years, while evolving and adapting, it is now thriving in every environment on Earth including the farthest corner of the Earth to the deepest depth of the Ocean (Bacteria). One of these bacteria is staphylococcus aurues that cause Impetigo along with many of other things. Impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection. So what exactly is impetigo, how is it spread, who gets it, what is the treatment and how do we prevent it?
Impetigo is caused mainly by staphylococcus aurues, which is a chain of globular bacteria (Cronana, Bacteria). There are three forms of Impetigo: Bullous, Non-Bullous or Contagiosa, and Ecthyma, Bullous Impetigo is causes large blisters on the skin that start out as a clear blister then normally turn cloudy, this type of blister stays intact longer on the skin then the other forms of impetigo. Non-Bullous or Contagiosa starts as tiny blisters, as time goes on these blister burst leaving a red, wet patch of skin, after fluid leaks from the blister they crust over leaving the surface a tan to yellowish color, “like it has been coated with brown sugar or honey”(Cronan). Ecthyma penetrates deeper into the skin, down to the dermis layer of skin which is the second layer. Ecthyma is very painful pus filled sores that eventually turn into deep ulcers on the skin. Once the sores break open, they scab over with a very thick hard gray-yellowish crust. Scars may remain even after the sore, or ulcers heal. Ecthyma can cause swollen lymph glands(Staff). The Non-Bullous or Contagoisa is the most common form of Impetigo (Cronan, Staff).
Impetigo is spread in many different ways through direct or indirect contact with an infected person. Impetigo can be spread when a p...
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Genetic mutation is the main reason of why Ichtyosis Vulgaris happens to the skin of many people. It is when the mutated gene causes an irregularity in the normal lifecycle of the skin. You have cells that are produced at normal rate, but they do not discrete correctly at the surface of the stratum corneum (top layer of skin) and not shed as quickly as they are supposed to. In most people, the growth, dying, and shedding of skin happens without being detected , people with Ichtyosis Vulgaris create new skin cells at a faster rate than they can actually shed it, or even attempt to replicate at a normal rate. When that is happening there is just one huge buildup of dry skin. The mutated gene in Ichtyosis Vulgaris is located on chromosome Iq21 and is rela...
Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition by Eldra Pear Soloman (pgs. 51 and 58)
Epidermolysis Bullosa also known as E.B. is generally an inherited connective tissue disease. This disease is evident at birth or soon there after. It causes large fluid filled blisters, in the skin and mucosal membranes. Chaffing or even increase in room temperature may cause these blisters to form. E.B. affects an estimated 50 in 1 million live births. The disease has been known to affect every racial and ethnic group and is found in both males and females all over the world. The disease has been seen in a wide variety of forms from mild to lethal form involving some organs. Epidermolysis Bullosa is the result of a mutation in the keratin or collagen gene. There are three layers of skin epidermis, dermis and the subcutaneous layers. Epidermolysis Bullosa affects the top two layers. For those who are not affected by E.B. there are protein anchors that prevent the top two layers from moving without unison or shearing. But those who are affected by E.B. lack the protein anchors that are made of collagen. This is what creates the friction between the layers and this rubbing and pressure causes the painful blisters and sores which have been compared to third degree burns. There are four main types of Epidermolysis Bullosa: Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa, Epidermolysis Bullosa simplex, Hemindesmosomal Epidermolysis Bullosa and Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. Even within the main types there are many sub types including Epidermis Bullosa Acquisita generally appearing in adults over the age of 50. This specific type is also linked to Cohen’s disease and Lupus.
been previously touched by an infected person, will transmit the disease to the healthy person who
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Cellulitis is an acute spreading bacterial infection of the connective tissue, dermis and subcutaneous layers of the skin (ProQuest 07/2012 pg.5). Characterized by redness, swelling, warmth, tight/shiny skin and pain. It is sometimes accompanied by fever, swollen lymph nodes, chills and fatigue. Cellulitis first appears on pink-to-red minimally inflamed skin. The area of infection rapidly becomes deeper red and increases in size as the infection spreads. Occasionally, red streaks may radiate outward from cellulitis. Blisters or pus filled bumps may also be present (skinsight 12/2012 pg.5). The main culprit is the bacteria Streptococcus and Staphylococcus which can enter through a break in the skin.
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In Labs 22 through 26, my lab partner and I were assigned a fetal pig to perform a dissection on in order to understand anatomy, the study of an organism’s structure1, and physiology, the study of the functions and activities of a living organism2. Throughout these labs, we studied the structure of the fetal pig and performed experiments to understand four system processes: digestion, cardiovascular, respiratory, and excretory. Dissecting an organism, physically moving and seeing the different portions of the organism, especially of a fetal pig, is very important. This helps in the understanding of the skeletal structure and what series of physical and chemical processes the mammalian species body performs in order to survive.
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In the documentary, Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria, reporter David Hoffman investigates this new untreatable infection along two individuals and a bacterial virus within a hospital. The first individual Hoffman investigates is Addie Rerecich of Arizona, she was treated for a staph infection with antibiotics, but other complications arise. Addie had a lung transplant, she was given several different antibiotics, but her body became pan-bacteria, non-resistance to the bacteria. Addie’s life was on the edge, she had to be on life support, and finally she received new lungs. The transplant helped Addie but it would take years before could go back to normal before the infection. The second individual is David Ricci; he had his leg amputated in India after a train accident. The antibiotic treatment he received became toxic to his body increasing problems. While in India, he underwent surgery almost every day because of infections he was developing. Back in Seattle, doctors found the NDM-1 resistance gene in his body; NDM-1 gene is resistance to almost all antib...
Smith, Melinda, and Jeanne Segal. "Anorexia Nervosa." Signs, Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment. Help Guide, n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2014.
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While sitting around your house, watching television, you notice that you have been scratching your arm and in between your fingers for a little while. After taking a closer look you notice something that you assume is a rash and just ignore it. The next day however you notice that the rash has spread and that you think you see burrows in your skin. Then it hits you, the weekend that you spent away on vacation in that not so expensive hotel to save a couple of dollars has now cost you more money in the long run. You must go see your doctor to be treated for scabies!
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)? - MedicineNet. (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2016, from http://www.medicinenet.com/urinary_tract_infection/page2.htm