In the age of empires, China grew from the chaotic instability of its warring states to an entirely new way of governance led by the Qin and Han opposites. But even though the Han had milder policies than the Qin who shook the entire empire into place like shaking a box of unorganized puzzle pieces and having them fit together in one try, China dispersed in the Six Dynasties of disunity all over again (Strayer 160). The strength of imperial leadership steered China from its fragmented states to a bustling empire to fragments again during the age of empires.
The seven major competing states in the Warring States Period, Qin, Han, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Chu, and Yan, were often times in conflict with one another ("The Warring States Period of Ancient China") and were built around undisputed sovereignty (Loewe and Shaughnessy 587). Those conflicts were typically battles for dominance between the seven states, each of them wanting to conquer all the rest (“The Warring States Period of Ancient China”). And in trying to conquer everything else all at once, the state that ultimately did would be l...
Another reason was that China was divided by the presence of the warlords. When Yuan died, the warlords, who were evenly powerful, assumed control in their region. China became fragments of territories ruled by the warlords. Anarchy became prevalent throughout this period because many of these warlords did not have the capability to unite or stabilize China. During this period, warlords plundered their territories and fought amongst each other.
Immigration, the act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country. Throughout the United States’ history, immigrants faced various challenges and especially after 1880. Most immigrants moved to achieve the American dream of having a better life and pursuing their dreams. But, this experience as they moved, was different for every immigrant. Some lives improved while others did not. Immigrants such as Catholics, Italians, and the Chinese were not welcomed into America in the late 19th century and early 20th century because of their differences in beliefs and cultures.
The Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were both powerful empires during their era. However, the ways they obtained their power varied greatly because they used different methods that involved their political structures, which revolved around their centralized governments. The Han dynasty and the Roman Empire acquired very unique techniques that allowed them to control social and political. For example, the Han dynasty adopted a religion known as Confucianism, which monitored everything in the lives of the Chinese. Contrary, the Roman Empire established a monarchy but allowed its residents more freedom as compared to the Han. Nevertheless, the two empires were similar in political structures in that the power was depended on the wealthy that were in authority, the peasants struggled with their lives because of concerning issues such as food supply. The empires were able to create and preserve a peaceful and sustainable lives for a long time, unlike the past empires. Social distribution were under the control of the wealthiest and they could effortlessly impact community viewpoints and interactions among the residents. These two empires existed during the Classical Period had comparable and various social, political, religions, as well as economical values and practices. However, they both possessed differences and similarities in their economic and social perspectives even though the two empires were established around the same era.
Now you are probably wondering with all these similar factors that lead to the demise of the empires, how did China recover successfully? The Chinese empire unlike the Roman empire, held on to their cultural identity and tried not to accept diversity in cultures. This is also called cultural homogeneity. Cultural homogeneity create a sense of togetherness. This creates less organization and religious drama. China also had more advanced technological breakthroughs in the fields of agriculture and metallurgy. This is needed to progress and recover so you have ways of keeping up with the economy. The Chinese empire also had one common religion that mostly held up. Confucianism. Having mostly the same religion unifies most people, which is also needed for a recovery. With these main factors, the Chinese empire recovered successfully.
First, Qin Shi Huangdi created a new type of government, imperialism, that is considered to be the strongest and longest lived government in history. By replacing the feudalism with his new form of government, Huangdi used the values from the Analacts. He gave everything set rules and created laws to ensure the safety of his land, and Confucianism was created with a set of rules giving people boundaries and rules to follow. Second, he expanded the military. Before China was a united state, Legalist ideology was conceived of goals to increase the state ruler’s wealth and territory. Once it was united, it meant extension of polity, as explained in ‘The Qin Dynasty’, this was done in the expansion of military defence around the country instead of the separate states, protection moved from inside to the outer edges of China. In the Art of War there's an entire section devoted to energy, it explains how to conserve and properly use your strength. By moving the troops away from the, no longer present, states, he separated the chance of a civil way and tiring out his country's defence. Last, erasing diversity in language, transportation, and measuring units. During the emperor’s life, Huangdi set out to erase diversity in China. Massive change happened all throughout China. Carriages and carts were crafted to be identical, this enabled people to travel across well traveled roads and not ruin the trail. Weights and measures were unified so supplies and goods were produced and sold in all places and be priced and tax equally. And as covered before, he changed the language, an impressive feat in it’s own way. By moving all diversity, the emperor gave everyone an equal chance to define and learn, which is a teaching in the
As some independent states continued to fight for complete control of others, this would come to be known as the Warring States period, which would go on for quite a long time. The war finally ended when Emperor Qin stepped in and took full control of the remaining states. This would be known as the Qin dynasty. Emperor Qin laid out new rules for his dynasty. He had is own people heavily taxed, while he collected all the profits. He also decided what his own people could read and could not read. For example, anything that was related to Confucius was deemed to be no good. For that reason the books would be taken away from the residents and burned. His own people did not approve of his tactics and were now deeply against him. Emperor Qin knew that he had little time on Earth and wanted a way to be remembered
Of the many dynasties that make up China’s history, one of the most notable is the Han Dynasty, which lasted from 206 BCE to 220 CE, under the rule of numerous emperors. It made many contributions to China’s history and made lasting changes, some of which remained for millennia following the dynasty’s collapse. They made changes to China’s economy, technology, social order, religion, philosophy, and education that revolutionized the way China operated. Also, as the Han Dynasty expanded greatly during its rule, many of the territory that the dynasty conquered became part of what would later be modern day China. These changes helped to shape the country that China became.
The political and economic events caused by foreign imperialism in China led to drastic political, economic and social changes in the Qing Dynasty. Foreign imperialism during the 1800s caused internal struggles within the country and international struggles like the Opium Wars, which resulted in changes that deeply impacted Qing China.
Major changes in political structure, social and economic life define the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. Each period laid the foundation for the next, with changes and improvements to create a new order.
The Han Dynasty, the amazing Chinese era to have said to unified China for over 400 years old. This era in China’s history began in 206 B.C when a rebel armies rose up against the Qin army. One rebellion, led by Chen Sheng and Wu Kuang was later joined by Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu, Ying Bu, and Peng Yue joined forces with Liu Bang. The people of the Qin Dynasty were unhappy under the rule of Qin Shihuang who was ran his empire with an iron fist. His rule was absolute and disagreeing was punishable by death, though Emperor Qin was the one who to end the Warring States as well as complete the conquering of China in 221 B.C, thus expanding the Chinese state. After the takeover, Liu Bang took the name as Emperor of China and changed his given name to Emperor Gaozu and the Qin laws were abolished.
China as the world sees it today; is an expansion of the small original tribes. The first emperor, in the third century B.C.E, ended the Waring States Era and founded the Qin dynasty. This opened the way for the Han dynasty rule for four centuries. Yang Jian in the sixth century C.E. ended the Age of Disunity by conquering all of China and founded the Sui Dynasty. The Sui Dynasty then paved the way for six centuries of Chinese preeminence under the Tang and Song Dynasties. The history of China records major changes in political structure, social and economic life that defined the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. With changes and improvements to create a new order, each period of dynasties laid the foundation for the next.
From 1700 to roughly 220 BCE (before the Common Era), the region currently known as China was divided into six states: Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Yan and Zhongshan, each ruled by different kings. These inter-warring states were already familiar with wall building techniques, each having constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders. When Shih Huangdi, the young king of the ancient Chinese state of Qin (also spelled Ch’in, from which the word China derives), conquered each of the remaining five states in 221 BCE, the continuous warring finally came to an end. By conquering these states, Shih Huangdi established the Qin Dynasty, thus creating the first unification of China, and the first Chinese central government. In his efforts to make this new concept of centralized rule “stick”, as well as prevent the reemergence of feudal lords, Shih Huangdi ordered the destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the forme...
The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were two grand empires that rose out of preexisting territories and provided relative peace over wide areas. The collapse of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), which was the first great land-based empire in East Asia, came after a period of war, confusion, and tyrannical rule. Due to the political disorder that stemmed from the early dynastic activity, the emergence of the Han Dynasty (206 BCE- 228 CE) sprung to focus on restoring order. On the other hand, the rise of the Roman Empire (44 BCE- 476 CE) originated from consolidating authority over aristocratic landlords and overriding the democratic elements of the earlier Republic. Instead, the Roman Empire redefined the concept of “citizen” as subjects to the Roman emperor. Both empires shared similar agendas to exploit their vast territories and resources, which helped them expand their political dominance; however, despite having similar political goals and foundations, their government system, cultural ideologies and imperial expansionist natures diverged.
Communism is a system of government, a political ideology that rejects private ownership and promotes a classless, stateless society based on common ownership of all property and the means of production, where by all work is shared and all proceeds are commonly owned. Communism is practised in China, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos and Cuba. However most of the world’s communist governments have been disbanded since the end of World War II. Soon after the Japanese surrendered at the end of World War II, Communist forces began a war against the Kuomintang in China. The Communists gradually gained control of the country and on the 1st October, 1949, Mao Zedong announced the victory of the Communist party and the establishment of the People's Republic of China. China has been ruled by the Communist party ever since.
The 1911 Revolution kicked out the Qing Dynasty and broke the barriers to different developments in China. However, the 1911 Revolution has only provided a framework of a republic and made changes in some particular aspects related to immediate problems and difficulties in society. Hence, the relationship between the revolution and the subsequent development of China was very weak. On one hand, I do not agree with the latter part of the statement that the 1911 Revolution brought new problems to China. The conflicts and problems that China suffered in the early/ mid 1910s were mainly due to the weakness of the military force, conflicting political organizations and disorder in society. On the other hand, I agree with the first part of the statement that the 1911 Revolution did not bring peace to China afterwards. In the following paragraphs, I am going to focus on explaining the reasons of emerging new problems in China and also illustrate my points on the factors of the 1911 Revolution which could not bring in peace to China related to the conditions of the country.