ABSTRACT During the late 1970’s cultural tourism was identified as driving force in the tourism industry. People who were interested in the tourism industry such as marketers and researchers began to notice that many travellers travelled specifically to develop a insight of the culture or heritage of a destination (Tighe, 1986). Greg Richards (1996) defines cultural tourism as ‘the movement of a persons to cultural attractions away from their normal place of residence, with the goal to collect new information and experiences’. In many parts of the world the culture of a destination has become an important development of tourism and a driving force in the tourism industry. Countless host communities …show more content…
Tourism is known to contribute to the social and cultural changes in host societies. It creates obvious effects upon the economy as well as the physical environment of a destination. The tourism industry has been ridiculed due to the negative and positive impacts and causes it causes to host destinations. An extensive range of literature declares that the tourism industry has contributed a positive role when it comes to the social-economic development of many destinations (Matheison and Wall, 2006).In contrast many other literature claims that it can create negative impacts on the environment, culture and society of a host destination (Sharpley, 1999). In recent years cultural tourism has become extremely popular with tourists in search of experiencing different cultures. Due to the large amount of tourist travelling in search of culture this can cause impacts to a destination the impacts that are caused is depends upon varies factors such as the attitudes, values and beliefs which a person brings with them as well as those of the residence of the host destination when interacting with each …show more content…
According to Jackson and Inbakaran (2006) the factors influencing residence attitudes and perceptions towards tourism development are categorised into both demographic and social-economic factors (e.g. age, gender, occupation, level of income and place of residence). Personal factors (e.g. family background, socialisation process and the state of mental health) lastly the cultural factors (e.g. religion and local culture). Furthermore many tourist destinations use their identity to place themselves on the cultural tourism map, but due to there being many destinations which are similar to each other, in order for a destination to be successful when it comes to attracting tourist it must distinguish itself from others. Santanna (1997) claims that ‘identities have been transformed by the impacts of tourism in many places of the world, because tourism is one of the mechanisms of social and cultural change’. 1.2 Objectives and aim The main aim of this research is to develop a better understanding of the residence of Marrakesh towards tourism, focusing upon their perceptions of the social-cultural impacts of tourism development as well as the associated behaviour changes in their culture and society. Objectives The primary objectives of these research are as
Teye, Victor, Ercan Sirakaya, and Sevil F. Sönmez. "Residents' Attitudes toward Tourism Development." Annals of Tourism Research 29.3 (2002): 668-88. Science Direct. Web.
With the development of transportation and the acceleration of globalisation, tourism has become an important means to stimulate economic growth. According to the world tourism organisation (UNWTO), tourism has become the world’s fastest and largest economic sector. Moreover, international tourists have increase dramatically from near 25 million in 1950 to 996 million in 2011(Chang et al., 2014). However this figures have put high stress on not only environment but also on society and economy for the local areas.
Tourism has become much more prevalent in recent times, due in large part to the increasing human population of the earth and the increasing leisure time and dis...
Tourism impacts can be generally classified into seven categories with each having both positive and negative impacts. These impacts include; economic, environmental, social and cultural, crowding and congestion, taxes, and community attitude. It is essential for a balance on array of impacts that may either positively or negatively affect the resident communities. Different groups are concerned about different tourism impacts that affect them in one way or another. Tourism’s benefits can be increased by use of specific plans and actions. These can also lead to decrease in the gravity of negative impacts. Communities will not experience every impact but instead this will depend on particular natural resources, development, or spatial patterns (Glen 1999).
Nowadays in the rea of globalization, according to the World Tourism Organization, “seven hundred million people travelled abroad in 2003”, and the number is estimated to increase to 1.6 billion by 2020. (International Labour Organization, 2005). Tourism is spreading in unusual places. A lot of people want to be in the midst of adventure. It is a vital source of revenues for the GDP of many countries. I partially agree that tourism hugely benefits the local community. This essay will discuss some of the economic, social and environment effect of tourism on the host community.
Tourism is an important and intricate element to society. It affects economical, social, cultural and environmental elements. Tourism can be argued to have a negative impact on the environment and decrease our already depleting resources, but tourism can also be argued to be a major contributor to strengthening economies, spread cultural traditions and improve people’s lives. Tourism
This essay is trying to critically analyse the journal article written by A Lepp (2008) entitled ‘Attitudes towards initial tourism development with no prior tourism experience: the case of Bigodi, Uganda’. The journal use qualitative method to assess the resident’s attitudes towards the start up of tourism programs in a rural village in Uganda. Due to the geographical isolation they couldn’t establish any tourism attractions prior to the 1990’s. But in 1991 the country initiated to introduce some tourism projects and eventually it formulated year by year. And this study is conducted on the basis of the interview taken in the residents of Bigodi in 2003. So the study proves that the signs of initial tourism created anxiety, suspicion and fear to the local people who experience it as an entirely new concept. The journal article gives a brief idea about the general attitudes about developing tourism concepts to an undeveloped country.
Mathieson and Wall (1982:2) notes that literature on tourism has expanded immensely with the result that research has become ‘highly fragmented with researchers following different paths.’ There are many ways of categorizing the impacts of tourism. Mathieson and Wall (1982:37) divided tourism impacts into economic, social and physical (environmental categories).
Today’s global competition, demands a country to keep the true identity., culture becomes the basic aspects that must be maintained, because of the existence of culture effects how closely humans in general act, and be friendly. Cultural or often we refer to as the culture has its own uniqueness, while others interest by the culture then this could make the place tourism.
Tourism is the one of economic and social activities that increasingly vital. Number of travellers domestic and international is increasing. In fact, several countries in present world develop tourism sectors as primary sector which generate national income. According to Salah Wahab and Cooper (2003). Tourism is also sector which involves role that mutually link between government, private sector and also public.
Tourism is often associated with traveling to places away from home. Tourism has a big impact on the economic growth of some countries, which define the shape of their cities by producing different sectors like historic districts, convention centers, museums, malls, hotels, restaurants, and the list can be endless. Furthermore, tourism elements have been developed by cities for a variety of reasons including: situating themselves in the world by drawing a positive image and attracting visitors and for their money.
In the more economically developed countries (MEDCs), synonymous mainly with the industrialised countries of the northern hemisphere there, has been an explosion in the growth of leisure and tourism industry, which is now believed to be the worlds second largest industry in terms of money generated. In order to differentiate between leisure and tourism it should be recognised that leisure often involves activities enjoyed during an individual’s free time, whereas tourism commonly refers to organised touring undertaken on a commercial basis. Development in the two areas could be attributed to changing patterns in working lives within the last four decades. Generally, people now have more disposable wealth, work shorter hours, receive longer, paid annual leave, retire earlier and have greater personal mobility. In addition, according to Marshall & Wood (1995), the growth of the tourist industry per se can be associated, in part, with the concentration of capital; the emergence of diversified leisure based companies, sometimes within wider corporate conglomerates and often associated with particular airlines. Furthermore, the development of tourism can generate employment both directly, in jobs created in the hotels, restaurants etc, and indirectly, through expenditure on goods and services in the local area. Nevertheless, although the tourist industry is competitive, which essentially keeps down the cost of foreign travel, the success of tourism in any one area can be ‘influenced by weather, changing consumer tastes, demographics, economic cycles, government policy, not to mention international terrorism and other forms of conflict.’(1) Although such factors may have a detrimental affect on the economy of a popular tourist destination (or even tourism in general, in light of September 11th 2001), the consequence of tourism in general is often three fold: environmental, social and cultural, which in turn has prompted a search for new ‘friendly’ approaches that are less destructive.
The article discusses the five key approaches of destinations, which I relate back to the types of tourism development discussed in chapter four of our textbook. There are three types of tourism development and they include tourist enclaves, resorts, and tourism zones (Williams, Stephen, and Alan Lew, pg. 87-88). The topic of this article and these types of tourism development relate to each other because these forms of tourism development are “destinations” in themselves. For example, one of the forms of tourism development is a resort. The textbook defines a resort as “a specific property that offers a combination of accommodations and leisure and recreation services, and a destination that collectively offers these” (Williams, Stephen, and Alan Lew, pg. 87-88). I relate this definition back to the first key approach discussed in the article, which is explaining how the basic needs of a destination are having a destination, transportation, and activities within the destination ((Howie, F. (2003). Managing the tourist destination. London: Cengage Learning EMEA)” (Jovicic, Dobrica Z). This is the first step in making a certain place a destinations that tourists will want to
Globalisation with its transcontinental flows, patterns of social interaction has given the tourism industry free reign to develop throughout the world also known as the ..global village.” The tourism industry has become a major sector for the global economy and is rapidly growing of tremendous annual rate and these changes can affect the host community and also on a global level.
The researchers also considered the related researches that the author gathered for furthermore detailed information. This included the effects of world heritage sites on domestic tourism. According to Journal of Geographical Systems (2013), Mussoni M. stated that “Cultural tourism allows d...