The immune system is a fascinating structure it defends the body against foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses and parasites. There are two primary forms that make up the immune system they are, innate and adaptive systems. Both the innate and adaptive system plays a large role in the immune system. The innate is the primary system to defend against foreign materials and the adaptive is the secondary system that responds to specific issues. The difference between the innate and the adaptive systems are the innate consists of: • Epithelial barriers • Phagocytes • Dendritic cells • Plasma proteins • NK cells The first sign an infection will take the innate from 0 to 12 hours to begin its attack. “The adaptive immune system, on the other hand, is called into action against pathogens that are able to evade or overcome innate immune defenses.” The innate and adaptive immune systems, Retrieved from http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/immunology_module/prologue/objectives/obj02.html para. 2 The components that make up the adaptive immune system are: • Naïve B cell • Antibodies • Naïve T cell • Effector T cells Adaptive immune system happens much quicker to the presence of an “infection creating potent mechanisms for neutralizing or eliminating the microbes. There are two types of adaptive immune responses: humeral immunity, mediated by antibodies produced by B lymphocytes, and cell-mediated immunity, mediated by T lymphocytes.” The innate and adaptive immune systems, Retrieved from http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/immunology_module/prologue/objectives/obj02.html para. 2 Innate system critical main defense is the cellular component; there are several kinds of cells involved in the process. One of the crucial cells is the macrophage. ... ... middle of paper ... ... the case of autoimmunity, allergies, rheumatoid arthritis are but a few that the immune system failed to operate. When the immune system doesn’t work then modern medicine has to step in to help our body’s heel. Works Cited The innate and adaptive immune systems, Retrieved from http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/immunology_module/prologue/objectives/obj02.html The innate and adaptive immune systems, Retrieved from http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/immunology_module/prologue/objectives/obj02.html para. 2 Wikipedia, Physiology, Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocyte Wikipedia, Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mononuclear_phagocyte_system JLB Journal of Leukocyte Biology, David M. Mosser, 2002, Retrieved from http://www.jleukbio.org/content/73/2/209.full Wikipedia, Function, Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive_protein para. 2
The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body, and it defends the body from “foreign invaders.” Immunity can be divided in two three different defenses, and these are defined as first, second and third lines of defense. The first line of defense for the immune system is the primary defense against pathogens entering the body from the surface in order to prevent the start of disease and infection. Some examples of the first line of defense is the skin, protecting the external boundaries of the body, and the mucous membranes, protecting the internal boundaries of the body. Although the skin and mucous membranes work on the internal and external boundaries, they both release chemicals
The human immune system is an amazing system that is constantly on the alert protecting us from
The job of the immune system is to keep “foreign” invaders out of the body, or if one gets in, to seek it out and kill it. These foreign invaders are called pathogens, which are tiny organisms that can cause an infection in the body. Pathogens can be bacteria, parasites, and fungi (http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/immuneSystem/pages/whatisimmunesystem.aspx).
Differentiate and describe between monocytes and macrophages (Innate Immunity) and B cells defining antibodies and T cells defining cytokines (adaptive immunity).
The function of the immune system is it helps play a vital part of our everyday lives. It helps protect our bodies where ever we go. Our immune systems help defend our bodies against germs and microorganisms. The immune system is made up of various special cells, tissues, organs and proteins. This special system does an amazing job of keeping our bodies healthy and in good shape from different diseases and infections.
Organisms have three types of immunity: innate. adaptive, and passive. Innate immunity is common among all organisms and reacts the same to all pathogenic infections. Innate immunity includes protective layers of the body, such as the skin and mucous membranes in the nose and throat. Adaptive immunity is the second type of immunity. Adaptive immunity develops throughout an organism’s life. An example of this is the lymphocytes, which develop when an organism is exposed to diseases or through vaccination (with some exceptions). Passive immunity is borrowed from another source and lasts for a short period of time, for example, antibodies in a woman's breast milk, which help prevent their young offspring from acquiring infections in their early years. An example of this in snakes is their tolerance to their own venom, which they are exposed to early in life which prevents them from dying if exposed later.
Seattle Education Project. (2013, November). STEP: The Immune System - An Overview, [Online]. Available: http://www.thebody.com/step/immune.html [11/12/14].
The innate immune system is given to you at birth and always has microbes ready to fight (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). This system is very fast to detect and attempt to eliminate any invading cells. It reacts by triggering Toll-like receptors (TLRs) who then fasten to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). The first line of defense in the innate immune system contains the skin and mucous membranes, along with normal microbiota (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). The second line of defense of the “early-warning” system consists of natural killer cells, phagocytes, eosinophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, inflammation, fever, and antimicrobial substances (Joanne M. Willey, 2014). Although a powerful system, it cannot take
Within the in the bodies immune system there are two lines of defense. The first line of defenser being is the non-specific innate immunity. Non-specific immunity repels all microorganisms equally (John H. Humphrey, 2014). The second line of defense is the immune response. The immune response goes after specific invaders. Each line of defense works differently but together they work to keep the body health, and clear of pathogens that are harmfull. The body takes chronological steps to maintain its defenses. The first step being the first line defense. These can include the mucus membranes and the skin. Next is the second line of defense, these come from the non-specific defense sytem. Once pathogens pass through the first line of defense the second line of defense responds in turn through processes of inflammatory response and fever. If both the first and second defenses are incapable of containing the pathogen then a third line of defense is activated. The third line of defense being a specific immune response. Specific pathogens are attacked through the specific immune response by the process of B-cell production of antibodies, which attack the virus or bacteria in extra-cellular fluid (Martini & Nath, 2009). Lastly T-cells proceed to kill the infected cells. The T-cell as well as the B-cell can both be located in the lymph nodes of the
We are amazing human beings. Our bodies have been carefully constructed to protect ourselves from injury and harm. The protection of our body begins with the brilliant intervention of one small cell. According to Huether and McCance (2012), adaptive immunity is considered the third line of defense within our bodies. Adaptive immunity is summoned after the frontline or “external barriers” are compromised (Huether & McCance, 2012, p. 142). The process of inflammation arrives at the scene of invasion; next adaptive immunity is organized. Adaptive responses help our bodies fight disease at the scene. Additionally, adaptive responses maintain a unique memory to protect the body from future invasions. This paper will explore examples of the specific pathophysiology and associated alterations caused by adaptive responses.
The innate immune system is considered mostly as universal as it is present in most of the organisms on Earth. It is characterised by the ability to react fast (as opposed to the adaptive immunity, which can take up to several days to be active) to any external threats.
Lymphatic system is made up of lymph vessels which filter the fluid waste and fluid excess back into the blood circulation. Digestive system is made up of the liver, pancreas, bladder, and its purpose is to break down food into nutrients and energy for the body. Immune system is the cells, tissues, and organs that all work together to protect your body from getting sick from viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Immune system also protects your body from limiting things to maintain health. The respiratory system is in charge of providing the body with oxygen while removing the carbon dioxide through airways like the nose and mouth, lungs, and muscles of the respiration. The urinary system includes ureters, kidneys, bladders which remove the waste from blood to produce urine. The Reproductive system is organs (including the testes and penis for males, and vagina and ovaries for the women) which working together to make a new life (a
Acute inflammatory is the initial response of the body following an injury “Acute inflammation is short term and can be measured in hours or days” (Battle, 2009, P 238). This response is achieved through the release of leukocyte and plasma into the injured tissues. The predominant cells in acute inflammation are neutrophils. This inflammatory response involves the local vascular and immune system within the tissue. There are five cardinal signs signifying acute inflammation: 1) warm and 2) redness due to increased blood flow to the injured ...
The immune system is the human body’s defense system. This system fights against pathogens. Pathogens are viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and parasite worms that cause disease. The skin of the human body is our best defense, against these things
In addition to serving as a drainage system, the lymphatic system, along with the lymphoid tissues and organs, play a vital role in the body’s immune system to create an immune response. The body ...