Introduction
The purpose of this experiment was to identify the numerous volatile compounds not listed on the label, determine the quantity of chloride present, and to determine the various species of citrate and phosphate present in Gatorade. The volatile compounds in sports drinks are usually labeled as “natural flavors” and were identified using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). The quantity and determination of chloride was determined using the ion selective electrode (ISE) method. The various species of citrate and phosphate were identified using titration and the data collected from the ISE.
The GCMS uses a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to measure and identify the ingredients present in the gas over the liquid, otherwise known as the “headspace.” In gas chromatography, the sample of gas is injected into a port where it is carried through a mobile phase. The mobile phase passes the sample through a long column that also contains a stationary phase. Gas chromatography, also called “elution chromatography” because the various components of the sample are eluted from the column sequentially, is composed of a stationary and mobile phase. The stationary phase is usually a viscous liquid with a high boiling point that coats the inside of the column and the mobile phase is generally a gas. In this experiment a 30 meter long capillary GC column was used and the mobile phase gas was Helium. The different parts of the sample are separated based on their affinities for the mobile and stationary phase. A sample that has a high affinity for the stationary phase and also has a high boiling point will spend more time in the stationary phase. The longer a component spends in the stationary phase, the longer it takes the component to be eluted. The temperature of the column can be used to optimize the separation of the sample. As the components of the sample were eluted from the column they were passed over a detector which determines the quantity present and plots a peak on a chromatogram at a specific retention time.
The mass spectrometry detector can be used to identify any species that is an ion or can form ions or identify species based on unique fragmentation patterns. The mass spectrum produces peaks based on the abundance of ions that have a specific mass-to-charge ratio. The majors peaks that are produced are identified using a library of spectra compiled from standards.
It has long been established that both short and long-term exercise increase metabolic rate and heat production. This naturally predisposes participants to dehydration. Typical symptoms of dehydration include elevated temperature, fluid and electrolyte imbalance due to sweating, and loss of critical nutrients, such as glycogen (depleted via metabolic pathways). Many individuals participating in moderate to rigorous training schedules may engage in daily exercise, if not multiple exercise routines in one day (3,4,5,6). It then follows that the goal for these individuals should be avoidance of dehydration and maximization of rehydration through maintenance of electrolyte balance, replenishment of muscle glycogen, and plasma osmolality. Thus, examination of a fluid’s efficacy in these three areas is crucial. Through extensive research, it is evident that Gatorade will rehydrate faster and more effectively than water.
...the mass spectrometer. This is called an electron impact source. Gases and volatile liquid samples are allowed to leak into the ion source from a reservoir. Non-volatile solids and liquids may be introduced directly. Cations formed by the electron bombardment (red dots) are pushed away by a charged repeller plate (anions are attracted to it), and accelerated toward other electrodes, having slits through which the ions pass as a beam. Some of these ions fragment into smaller cations and neutral fragments. A perpendicular magnetic field deflects the ion beam in an arc whose radius is inversely proportional to the mass of each ion. Lighter ions are deflected more than heavier ions. By varying the strength of the magnetic field, ions of different mass can be focused progressively on a detector fixed at the end of a curved tube. Because the mass of each individual ion
The distance of the initial extract line to a pigment band was divided by the distance of the marked solvent front to the initial extract line both were measured in cm. The RF (relative to front) was calculated for each pigment band, indicating the travelled distance between the pigment and the front (solvent line) on the chromatography
For more than 50 years, Gatorade, America’s premier sports beverage has proven that their product is vital when it comes to hydration because it effectively replaces the fluids and electrolytes lost through sweat and replenishes the large amounts of carbohydrates that players’ bodies use for energy. Since the dawn of the media age, Gatorade has been on the forefront of promoting their product through advertisements, the main linkage between business and consumers in any field or market. One of the main reasons the company has retained this respectable dominance for the entirety of the twenty-first century is their ability to attract and retain their audience through their popular commercials. These virtual ads from Gatorade almost always feature
...ble in a Gatorade bottle but these are the most important ones. The most chemistry that is present in sports drinks and in this case, Gatorade, is seen through the electrolytes. In a nutshell electrolytes are substances that are soluble in water and after being completely dissolved, they give ions. Our body consists of Cation and Anion electrolytes which are nutritionally referred to as Macrominerals. As stated before the balance level of electrolytes is every crucial for the human body, and if imbalanced the person can have serious and life threatening issues. But the only way to restore our electrolytes level is by consuming these sports drinks, so this is the main reason as for why even though the sports drinks have some negative aspects to them they are one of the cheapest and easiest ways a person can get the required electrolytes for their body.
...Gatorade. Go look at some other drinks such as PowerAde or some Vitamin Water. There pretty much all the same just with different flavors. Advertisers try and persuade you from the one place you thought was safe from them, your brain. There’s pretty much no hiding from ads but the next time you see one on TV don’t just passively watch them, and let those advertisers in your brain, analyze those commercials, so instead of just watching, you’ll be thinking.
Early summer, about forty-eight years ago in 1965, University of Florida assistant football coach, Dwayne Douglas, sat down and wondered why so many of his players were suffering from heat strokes and heat related illnesses during games or practice. So, he went to the university physicians and asked them to determine why this was happening. Not long after it was discovered that two key factors were causing the Florida Gator players to suffer from these conditions: the fluids and electrolytes the players were losing during the events were not being put back into the body, and the massive amounts of carbohydrates the players' bodies used for energy were not being replenished. So, he decided to create Gatorade. There are plenty of Gurus out there who will sit and tell you that water is natural and it’s the best thing you could ever put into your body, but let’s get real I’ll take scientifically proven research over someone’s “word” any day. (Rovell 58)
To find the answer we performed an experiment. We decided to put the drinks to the test by exercising, and then seeing how well we shoot 10 free throws. But after we exercised we drank either Powerade or Gatorade. We would then collect data, analyze it, and ultimately find out which drink is more effective. When I finished working out on Day 1, I drank Gatorade. I made 8/10. On Day 2, I drank Powerade after exercising and shot 7/10. And since the results were very similar I decided I would exercise and shoot 10 more on Day 3. But instead of drinking a sports drink I just drank water. I made 7/10. This data was very interesting. It shows Gatorade improved performance more, but nothing really stood out. So unless you plan on running a marathon or other strenuous athletic tasks, it will not really matter if you drink Powerade or Gatorade. Our experiment even showed, no matter how many fancy sports drinks come out, water is always a very reliable option when it comes to regaining lost
Before Gatorade, people were struggling to withstand the heat and live a healthy life. According to researcher Jess Novak, people are able to go outside and live an active life knowing that they can withstand the heat. Sports are an important part of people’s lives whether or not they participate or spectate. Gatorade helps to keep the culture of sports alive, successful and beneficial to the governments in which, the sports teams are
Keeping water or a sports drink within an easy reach is an essential throughout all times during athletic activity and workouts. It is debateable concerning the idea of adding sports drinks to your daily diet. Sports drinks would often have advertisements to glorify the product and its benefits to increase their purchase rate. It is important to know what you’re ingesting into your body and to not believe everything that is advertised. In a daily diet, it is best to compare the two in which is the better exercise drink, concerning a number of factors, the most important of which is proper hydration.
HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is an analytical technique which separates a complex mixture of components into its specific individual components. It is a powerful tool in analysis, as it combines high speed with extreme sensitivity compared to traditional methods of chromatography because of the use of a pump which creates a high pressure and forces the mobile phase to move with the analyte in high speed. It is been used as a principle technology in various automated analyzers used for diagnostic purpose.
The proposed method of detecting cyclamate can be used when finding cyclamate levels over 28.17mg/kg in foods. Though this is the case, it must be known that the process only picks up between 93 to 99% of cyclamate within a sample, meaning that up to 7% of the cyclamate in a sample may not be detected. For foods containing small amounts of cyclamate this will not have great effect, however foods such as low joule chewing gum will have greater levels of cyclamate undetected.
My hypothesis is that orange juice would be better then Gatorade, because I believe that it would hold more electrolytes. Some material that I will need to figure this out is Digital multimeter, Alligator clip leads,
Companies utilize different marketing strategies to appeal to their target audience. The methods they use to market their products usually reflects the target audience’s preferences or needs. Gatorade was invented at the University of Florida in 1965 by a team of researchers. They discovered nutrients were not being replenished when the school’s football team competed and formulated a solution to the problem. Today Gatorade primarily targets athletic or physically active individuals, especially professional athletes. Over time, Gatorade has become one of the most popular and leading sports drink companies in the world. Many people recognize what Gatorade is and what they do to help individuals who need the extra replenishment so they can continue
Analyze each fraction by spotting 10 times with capillary tubes on a TLC plate, which is exposed to iodine vapor for 15 minutes.