The condition I will be discussing in this paper is called hypospadias. If you have not heard of hypospadias it is a condition in which the opening to the urethra is on the underside of the penis instead of the tip and happens in about 1 out of a 125 boys. Studies show that there are many different cause for hypospadias, one of the first things the noticed was age and weight mothers who are 35 years or older and were considered obese had a greater chance of having a child with hypospadias, mothers who needed assistance with getting pregnant using fertility drugs had a higher risk to having a child with hypospadias, and mothers who were taking hormones before or during their pregnancy had a higher risk at having a child with hypospadias .The interesting thing is I have never heard of this condition although it is a common condition and if your child is born with it, it can be easily reversible so you should not worry. (Mayo, 2011.) As you can tell this condition is gender specific and happens to males, the age of onset is at birth baby boys are born with it and it is cured with stages of surgery to fill in the hole and majority of babies that are born with hypospadias will have normal sexual adult lives. This condition is not life threatening you will live to see another day. History of hypospadias dates back all the way to the 2nd century where a guy named Galen was the first to describe the problem with fertility associated with proximal meatus which is the hole in the bottom of the penis and penile chordee which is when the penis bends upwards or downwards where the head of the penis connects at the shaft. Galen was also the first person to use the term hypospadias. The first person to describe the surgical repair is a guy named...
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... from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1015227-treatment.
John G. Gearhart, MD. (2013). http://www.expertconsultbook.com/. In HISTORY OF HYPOSPADIAS SURGERY. Retrieved November 11, 2013, from http://www.expertconsultbook.com/expertconsult/ob/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=none&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-3204-5..00041-4--
Dr. med. Dirk Manski. (7.1.2013). http://www.urology-textbook.com/. In Hypospadias: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment. Retrieved November 11, 2013, from http://www.urology-textbook.com/hypospadias.html.
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Mayo Clinic Staff. (Jan. 22, 2011). http://www.mayoclinic.com/. In Hypospadias. Retrieved November 11, 2013, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypospadias/DS00884.
Cryptorchidism or undescended testis (UDT) is the most common genital disorder identified at birth. The main reasons for treatment of cryptorchidism include increased risks of impairment of fertility potential, testicular malignancy, torsion and/or associated inguinal hernia [1]. Approximately 1% of males have undescended testes, 80% of them are clinically palpable and 20% are non-palpable. The term ‘nonpalpable testes’ implies that they cannot be detected on physical examination; they are either intra-abdominal, absent, vanishing or atrophic [2]. Preoperative detection and location of testicles can help to determine the optimal type of procedure and allow for appropriate future planning. In the case of vanishing or absent
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