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Anatomy and physiology types of lipids
Classification and function of lipids
Classification and function of lipids
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In the simplest terms, hypercholesterolemia may be any excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood. The clinical definition however, as outlined by the University of Maryland Medical Center [UMMC] (2010), considers a total cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL or higher to be high cholesterol. Within this total is the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL or “good” cholesterol) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL or “bad” cholesterol). Below 40 mg/dL is considered poor for HDL, while an optimal level of 60 mg/dL or above is more desirable. A LDL level of 160-189 mg/dL is considered high, and the optimal level is 100-129 mg/dL. In addition to LDL and HDL cholesterols, a third type of fatty material, collectively known as triglycerides, may be found within the blood. A triglyceride level above 200 mg/dL is high, but the desirable level is below 150mg/dL. Generally, as triglyceride levels rise, HDL cholesterol falls (UMMC, 2010).
Tortora & Derrickson (2009) further illuminates the distinction between LDL and HDL cholesterols and why these differences incur such conflicting effects in the body. LDLs convey about 75% of the total cholesterol in blood and deliver it throughout the body to cells so that they may repair cell membranes and create steroid hormones and bile salts (p. 991). However, when their number exceeds what is necessary, LDLs leave cholesterol in and around the smooth muscle fibers in arteries (p. 991). Thus, LDLs have earned a “bad” reputation. In contrast, HDLs remove excess cholesterol from body cells and blood and transport it to the liver for subsequent elimination, preventing its accumulation in the blood (p. 991). Thus, their “good” reputation is safe. It is important to remember though that both LDL and HDL cholesterols, as well as triglycerides, are essential in certain amounts, and LDLs and HDLs together make up the total cholesterol level used in the diagnosis of high cholesterol.
According to the UMMC (2010), there are usually no symptoms of high cholesterol, especially in the early stages of the condition. The only way to diagnose an individual with high cholesterol is with a blood test, and doctors recommend that patients fast beforehand so that results only reflect usable HDL and LDL levels (“How to get”, 2012). Since too much cholesterol circulating within the blood can create sticky deposits called plaque along the artery walls, a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia may have very real health significance for the patient.
According to my Diet Analysis my cholesterol intake was over by 148.44 mg when compared to recommend of less than 300mg per
Hypercholesterolemia is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is a waxy fat-like substance and is a major class of lipid, so it gets into the blood by lipoproteins [1]. A high level of lipoproteins is unhealthy. A high level can result in an elevated risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease [2]. The high levels of lipoproteins are often influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as obesity or dieting habits [2]. High cholesterol can be caused by mutations in the following genes: APOB, LDLR, LDLRAP1, and PCSK9 [3]. Mutations in the LDLR gene are responsible for causing familial hypercholesterolemia, which is the most commonly seen form of inherited high cholesterol [3]. The LDLR gene contains instructions for making LDL receptors or low-density lipoprotein receptors. LDL receptors play critical roles in regulating levels of cholesterol in the blood by removing low-density lipoproteins from the bloodstream. Mutations in the LDLR gene can make the amount of LDL receptors produced less than normal or affect their job of removing the low-density lipoproteins in the blood [4]. People who have these mutations will have higher levels of cholesterol. There are many ways that the environment can affect the levels of cholesterol in the blood. Reducing the amount of dietary fat you consume lowers the total amount of cholesterol in the blood [5]. Sucrose and fructose can raise the amount of LDL in the blood. Reducing fatty foods will however lower the amount of LDL [5]. Having a healthy body and maintaining physical exercise plays a key role in keeping your cholesterol at a healthy level. If you are overweight or obese you can lower your cholesterol levels by simply losing ...
CAD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the worldwide. The prevalence of biological and metabolic risk factors were also found to be high in development of coronary artery disease. Patients with hypercholesterolemia are at increased risk to experience cardiovascular events and to die from vascular disease [2]. .Statins, among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, are cholesterol let downing agents used to manage cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases and to treat hypercholesterolemia. Statin’s therapy ...
If positive it will show us that you have high levels of your total cholesterol,High Low density lipoprotein levels and normal triiglyceride which is a type of fat.Some other test you may need to undergo are studies of your cells to see how the body absorbs cholesterol and a genetic test for the defect associated with this disease.When you start to undergo treatment it will reduce the risk of heart disease.If you only received one copy of the gene you may do well with diet changes and statin drugs.So the first step is to change your lifestyle this means ultra what you eat i would recommend you do this for a few months before we prescribe you medication this diet changes include lowering the amount of fatty foods
Another controllable risk factor is having high cholesterol and coronary heart disease. High cholesterol can increase risk by blocking blood flow and clogging blood vessels which also increases the risk for a heart disease. Cholesterol is a soft fat in the bloodstream and having a level off 200 is considered high. Cholesterol is needed in the body in order to form hormones, and vitamin D. High levels of it, however, could lead to the buildup of plaque on artery walls, which can clog arteries and cause a heart or brain attack.
6.Liscum and Faust. Low Density Lipoprotein Mediated Suppression of Cholesterol Synthesis: and LDL Uptake is Defective in N-P Type C Fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem.: 262 (17002-17007).
Hyperlipidemia is an excess of fat like substances in the bloodstream that include cholesterol and triglycerides. Fat like substances are also called lipids that seem to create chaos in the arteries and overall in excess are not good for a patient’s body because they are known to clog a person’s arteries which lead to many other diseases and conditions that are much worse, including a heart attack. Lipoproteins like the LDL (low density lipoproteins) and the HDL (high density lipoproteins) are the fat like complexes in the blood. Hyperlipidemia can be further separated into two subcategories including hypercholesterolemia, which means a high level of cholesterol in the blood, hypertriglyceridemia, which is a high level of triglycerides in the blood, which is the most common form of hyperlipidemia. The treatment of the condition is aimed at lowering the bad cholesterol in the blood.
Familial hypercholesterolemia, also known as familial hyperlipoproteinemia, is an autosomal genetic disorder that leads to increased low-density lipoprotein level in the blood which is known as “the bad cholesterol “. The disorder starts at birth and the responsible gene of this medical condition is inherited. Familial hypercholesterolemia can be diagnosed through regular screening blood work that reveal extremely elevated total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein level in the blood; Patients can have total range of cholesterol levels in the 350-550 mg/dL. Also, the physician, during a physical examination, can suggest familial hypercholesterolemia from certain findings such as xanthelasma, tendon xanthomas, or tuberous xanthomas. Recently, molecular testing methods are being used
But the numbers alone won't tell you or your doctor the whole story. High cholesterol is only one of a number of risk factors for heart attack and stroke.
My cholesterol was 699.83 mg, and since it is hard to determine between HDL and LDL through a food tracking application there was no Daily Recommended Intake. Yet, for a 2,000-calorie diet, it suggests 653mg as a maximum. I should reduce my cholesterol levels, because high cholesterol levels can increase risk of heart disease and stroke due to the plaque that can build up in the arteries. My total fat levels were 251% above my Daily Recommended Intake, and I should reduce total fat intake. Of the fat intake, I should reduce saturated fat the most, which was 138% of my Daily Recommended Intake. Saturated fats can increase risk for heart disease by increasing blood cholesterol. To reduce my fat intake I can replace foods like hamburgers with a leaner cut of meat, or chicken. I can reduce fat levels by using less butter to cook my meals, and less cheese. A good option would be a whole grain bread with turkey deli meat, which only has 1.4g of fat per serving. My sodium levels are also abnormally high; I consumed 7,053 mg of sodium, which is 5,553 mg over my Daily Recommended Intake. High sodium diets can increase blood pressure, which can lead to heart disease. To reduce sodium in my diet I can consume less packaged products, mostly meat products and choose a freshly cooked option. I should stay clear of frozen vegetables that have “fresh frozen” because they do not include added sodium. When deciding condiments, I should stay clear of high sodium products such as ketchup, soy sauce, dips and mustard. An easy away to identify food with recommended sodium levels in a grocery store is the “American Heart Association’s Heart-Check mark”. I consume a supplemental protein shake after each workout within thirty minutes to maximize my recovery and absorption of protein. I also have 25g of supplemental whey protein, and 40 grams of casein protein. Both of these products are
My DRI of cholesterol was maxed at 300mg and my intake was 267mg. Still relatively high so could start consuming Oatmeal for breakfast in which reduces your low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the "bad" cholesterol. Also, I...
Cholesterol is a fat-like substance that’s present in all cells of the body. It is naturally formed inside the body, but can also be taken in through the foods we eat.
It is also said that HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training) is more likely in causing some favorable changes in High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol and Total cholesterol, but not Total Cholesterol in young adult men...
When one goes to their doctor for their annual check up it usually involves a blood test where they check for everything from how your kidneys are functioning to triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Of course no one wants to hear that of their levels are abnormal and usually one of the areas the poses some concern are cholesterol levels. Which can call for the need of medication to lower it or to dietary changes. In order to do this one needs to have an understanding of what cholesterol actually is. The national heart, lung, and blood Institute states that “cholesterol is a waxy, fat – like substance that is found in all cells of the body". Cholesterol is needed by the body to build cells, but having too much of a can be problematic. Cholesterol
"Prevention and Treatment of High Cholesterol." 14 June 2011. American Heart Association. Web. 11 Aug. 2011.