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The evolution of database management systems
The evolution of database management systems
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The Internet is made up of networks belonging to users from commercial, educational, personal, government, and nonprofit organizations, and it is what they do with these interconnected networks, that is truly remarkable. Users connect to the Internet via Internet service providers which allows them to access the Internet from virtually anywhere around the world. In its early days the Internet was nothing more than a research project by the US Department of Defense, which was started in the 1960s and early 1970s. Then in 1982, one of the most fundamental aspects of the Internet was created with TCP/IP which made a communication protocol standard which is still in use today. At times TCP/IP is referred to as the entire Internet suite of protocols, which includes FTP (file transfer protocol), SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), Telnet (telecommunication network), DNS (domain name service), etc.
Without utilizing the Internet suite of protocols the Internet itself would not be able to function. The use of FTP allows for the transfer of files from one host of a network to another over a TCP-based network. The security used for authentication FTP utilizes a username and password scheme to allow users access. SMTP is an Internet-based standard for email to be transmitted across Internet connected networks. While SMTP is responsible for sending and receiving messages it is usually used in conjunction with POP or IMAP which allows access to users mail on the appropriate storage server (Gmail, Yahoo, etc).
Most of the Internet uses HTML programming language for Internet-based applications. The use of Adobe flash allows for the integration of multimedia aspects to be added such as graphics animation and/or games. One of the great c...
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...problem for ODBC is the growing popularity of thin clients which use HTML which detracts from the value of using ODBC. The sad fact is that ODBC is becoming less important every day.
On February 19, 1997, Sun Microsystems released JDBC. The JDBC is an application programming language used for the Java programming language which allows for clear defining of how clients can access databases. There is a JDBC-to-ODBC bridge which allows for the connection to any type of ODBC data source which utilizes Java virtual environment. Unlike the way ODBC uses drivers, JDBC uses a connection pool rather than direct connection to drivers.
Web Technologies and Databases are still in there in infancy and I believe in the years to come the world of these technologies will make great strides of improvement and I want to be a significant participant in these advances.
The World Wide Web started as an idea that focused around the government’s need to communicate if there was a real war. In 1964 the Cold War was at its peak, the Advanced Researched Projects Agency, or ARPA began researching and developing a way to get computers to “communicate with each other,” this is how it all started (The Internet's History and Development). The government scientists who were, “developing networking technology in the 1960's knew that what they were building would be far bigger than themselves; nobody, however, could have predicted the explosion in Internet access and interest in the past several years” (The Internet’s History and Development).
The internet has taken the world so far in its short commercial life; the future of the internet provides limitless possibilities of a much different future. The internet was created to test new networking technologies developed to eventually aid the military. The Arpanet, advanced research projects agency network, became operational in 1968 after it was conceived by Leanard Roberts (Watrall, T101, 2/2). Ever since the Arpanet began in 1968, it has grown exponentially in the number of connected users. Traffic and host population became too big for the network to maintain, due to the killer application known as email created in 1972.
The area of the OODBMSs is characterized by three things. First, it lacks a common data model. There is no common data model although many proposals can be found in the literature. This is a more general problem of all the object-oriented systems not only the database management systems. Since the data model determines the database language of the system, which in turn determines the implementation of the system, we can understand that the differences between the various systems with different data models can be big and substantial. Second is the common theoretical framework. Although there is no standard object-oriented model, most object-oriented database systems that are operational or under development today share a set of fundamental object-oriented concepts. Therefore the implementation issues in OODBMSs that arise due to these concepts are universal. The third characteristic is that of experimental activity.
Java, a language based on C++, was developed by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990's. (Java programming language, n.d.) It was originally called OAK and was designed for set top boxes and hand held devices. "Oak was unsuccessful so in 1995 Sun changed the name to Java and modified the language to take advantage of the burgeoning World Wide Web." (Java, n.d.) Java is an object-oriented language simplified to eliminate language features that cause common programming languages. Java should not be confused with JavaScript, which shares only the name and a similar C-like syntax. Sun Microsystems currently maintains and updates Java regularly.
We learned that it takes longer than expected and takes much more thinking when it comes to learning about website. This project enabled that we see that simple website can be complex because of all technical steps taken to make the website.
The Internet was first introduced in 1969 when a program called ARPA or Advanced Research Projects Agency. ARPA had provided a way to communicate, through a network, with the country in case of a military attack had destroyed traditional communication. It also connected four United States universities and was used for research, education and government organizations. In 1972, Ray Tomlinson introduced E-mail. In 1973, Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) became the standard for computers to communicate over the Internet. In 1982 the word Internet is used for the first time. The domain name system (DNS) is introduced in 1984, which identified network addresses with .com, .org, and .edu. From that point on everything began to rapidly change. Things like America Online was developed, viruses start...
The Internet is a global network connecting millions of personal, institutional and company computers. The number of computers used by the internet is growing rapidly. The United States is connected with over 100 countries worldwide and linked together to exchange of data, news and opinions. The Internet is decentralized design. This means that there isn't just one computer that stores all of the information from the Internet. There are many independent host servers located throughout the US and the world that store the information made available to the global Internet community.
Java language is currently one of the most popular programming languages being used. Java language is an object-oriented programming language was developed by James Gosling in 1995 at Sun Microsystems that can be run on many different operating systems (Wikipedia, 2015). It is also known as high-level language because it is easier for humans to read and write the command structures. It also helps programmers to write the computer instruction using English commands, rather than write in numeric code. There are a lot of applications and websites that working on Java application, such as to connect a laptop or desktop to data center and from mobile phone to the internet and so on. These applications are called applets. The applets can runs in websites (Arnold, 2005). Java programming is designed to create the functions as C++ programming language but with much simpler understanding and easy to learn and use. There are few things needed to codes Java programming. The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is the package that consists of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Java platform core classes, and supporting Java platform libraries. To run Java in the web browser, the JRE will be needed. Java Virtual Machine or JVM helps Java applications to run by compiling the “bytecodes” into a workable codes as an another option to understand one instruction at a time; However, to run Java applets in browser, the JRE
Moreover, internet itself is made up of millions of small sub-networks. Each sub-network may use different protocol for data transfer and communication within the network.
Databases are becoming as common in the workplace as the stapler. Businesses use databases to keep track of payroll, vacations, inventory, and a multitude of other taske of which are to vast to mention here. Basically businesses use databases anytime a large amount of data must be stored in such a manor that it can easily be searched, categorized and recalled in different means that can be easily read and understood by the end user. Databases are used extensively where I work. In fact, since Hyperion Solutions is a database and financial intelligence software developing company we produce one. To keep the material within scope I shall narrow the use of databases down to what we use just in the Orlando office of Hyperion Solutions alone.
The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The Internet enables communication and transmission of data between computers at different locations. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include 1.7 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee per month. The connection conveniently includes unlimited access to over a million web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. There are many reasons why the Internet is important these reasons include: The net adapts to damage and error, data travels at 2/3 the speed of light on copper and fiber, the internet provides the same functionality to everyone, the net is the fastest growing technology ever, the net promotes freedom of speech, the net is digital, and can correct errors. Connecting to the Internet cost the taxpayer little or nothing, since each node was independent, and had to handle its own financing and its own technical requirements.
The Internet is a network of networks, linking computers to computers sharing the TCP/IP protocols. Each runs software to provide or "serve" information and/or to access and view information. The Internet is the transport vehicle for the information stored in files or documents on another computer. It can be compared to an international communications utility servicing computers. It is sometimes compared to a giant international plumbing system.
Working with Internet does not mean just browsing www and sending and receiving e-mails. The Basic Structure of the Internet was developed through last 30 years of existence of the Internet. The Internet is a heterogeneous worldwide network consisting of a large number of host computers and local area networks. The Internet uses the TCP/IP suite of protocols. This allows the integration of a large number of different computers into one single network with highly efficient communication between them. This way, the user can access information on all kinds of host computers from a desktop PC, Macintosh, or whatever he/she has available. TCP/IP, the communication standard underlying the Internet, originates from work done at the US-Department of Defense in the late 1960s. The first version of the Internet was built in 1969 and consisted of just four computers. In 1982 a set of specifications and protocols have been implemented, which became known as TCP/IP in reference to their two major elements, the "Transmission Control Protocol" and the "Internet Protocol". The development and implementation of TCP/IP stimulated a massive growth process for the Internet. "By late 1987 it was estimated that the growth had reached 15% per month and remained high for the following two years. By 1990, the connected Internet included over 3,000 active networks, over 3,000 active networks, and over 200,000 computers. By January 1992 the number of hosts on the Internet was 727,000, doubling about every 7 months. Various groups of users are connected to the Internet: universities and other educational institutions, government agencies, the military, and at an increasing number private businesses.
Explain how the two important transport protocols deliver messages on behalf of the application and discuss the differences between them
In our world, people rely heavily on the power of technology every day. Kids are learning how to operate an iPad before they can even say their first word. School assignments have become virtual, making it possible to do anywhere in the world. We can receive information from across the world in less than a second with the touch of a button. Technology is a big part of our lives, and without it life just becomes a lot harder. Just like our phones have such an importance to us in our daily lives, database management systems are the same for businesses. Without this important software, it would be almost impossible for companies to complete simple daily tasks with such ease.