• A descriptive study was conducted to assess association of personal hygiene with nutrition and morbidity profile, a study among primary school children in Kolkata, India 2009. Results revealed that 59.23% of students used running water to wash their hand at home and 82.3% at school. Almost 18% of the children never washed their hand before eating at school. Clean/combed hair was found more in boys as compared to girls 92.23%. However, boys used tooth paste and tooth brush regularly 67% as compared to girls 56.6%, unfortunately followed unhygienic practices like using fingers. Study found that 76% of the boys and 74% of the girls were suffering from one or more morbidities. The most common morbidity among girls were clinically detected pallor, caries in teeth 33.34% and worm infestation 29.63%. Care should be taken to improve the state of personal hygiene practices of these school children through coordinated and concerted health education measures by teaching parents.(16)
• A cross section study was conducted for assessment of personal hygiene among canteen worker of government medical college and hospital Solapur city, 2005. The results showed that only 29% of workers were having good personal hygiene, and 32.5% were having poor personal hygiene. 95.2% of workers heard about food borne disease and 69.9% of them received the information from mass media. Similarly 86.7% responded food borne disease is transmitted by contaminated food and 56.6 % of them by vector. 96.4% of food handlers were aware about washing hand before serving and after using toilet in prevention of food borne disease respectively. Health education about personal hygiene in this area will help to early identification of any morbid.(17)
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...than the boys 79.04%. Similarly 86.66% girls were using the soap to wash their hand at school than the boys 72.38%. It would be better if government should regularly undertake school health check up and health education.(7)
SCENARIO OF KARNATAKA
• A cross sectional study was done on oral hygiene status among school going children belonging to various socio-economic status of Belagum city aged 12-15yrs in 2010. Oral hygiene status was conducted according to OHI-S. Results shows majority of the children from upper socio-economic status has good oral hygiene (mean (sd) 0.67± 0.38). Mean OHI-S score for males (1.82±0.79) and females (1.18±0.83) shows that female had good hygiene compared to male. This difference is statistically significant (z-28.68, p<0.001). Knowledge imparted through school health program, would go a long way in maintenance of oral health. (21)
V. (2000). Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. The Lancet, 356(9238), 1307-1312.
Interestingly, two studies of the four compared the compliance rates of HCWs in particular nurses and physicians. Sharma, Puri, Sharma, & Whig (2011) found in their study that compliance rates for hand hygiene protocols was significantly higher for physicians (50.8%) as a opposed to nurses (41.3%). In contrast, Mathai, George, & Abraham (2011) had conflicting findings in which higher compliance rates were associated with nurses (45%) in comparison to physicians (17%). Both studies had similar sample sizes and were investigated in developing countries India and Pakistan; nonetheless, language barriers and varying educational levels of different staff groups, may have influenced the understanding of the need for effective hand hygiene (Mathai et al., 2011). Of four studies, three were observational studies, which provide opportunity to question the rigour of the
Numerous studies have reported that hand hygiene reduces health care associated infection rates. Compliance to proper hand hygiene guidelines continues to be low among health care workers. To improve hand hygiene performance and have continued compliance over time, the need to find out what the barriers are need to be sought out. These may include poor access to hand hygiene information, skin irritation, forgetfulness, time constraints, a perception that hand hygiene interferes with worker-patient relationships, lack of knowledge of hand hygiene guidelines, and poor habits learned early in life (KuKanich, Kaur, Freeman, & Powell, 2013, p.
The oral cavity is the body’s first defense. Almost all basic daily functions such as breathing, eating, sensation, and immunization, involves functions of the mouth. In children, there is a connection between what happens in their mouth to what happens to the rest of their bodies. Having a toothache will directly affect a child’s life. A child may have problems eating and sleeping because of childhood caries leading to a negative impact on physical and cognitive development of the child. A cross-sectional study, undertaken by Acharya and Tandon (2011), found that 57.6% of the children in the group had problems eating. Childhood caries creates a cycle of poor health. Eating problems adversely affect a child’s nutrition and poor nutrition can lead to a higher risk of caries and therefore increase problems with eating affecting the physical development of the
“In 2007, the nation spent $98.6 billion on dental services, yet many children and adults went without the services they need to prevent and control oral disease. We have interventions that can not only prevent disease but also save money” (CDC 34). Oral health for the general public, especially the underserved, has been consistently overlooked. Low-income families and developing countries, who are the most vulnerable to oral problems, are the population that is the most ignored. Five and a half percent of people, in 2007, either could not receive dental care or were putting it off. The main cause of this is money. Many insurances are not accepted by dental clinics because of the high costs of dental exams (Institute of Medicine. 38, 88). If this is not the case, why are these people delaying in protecting their oral health? What most people do not know is that oral health affects overall health. This realization began in 1944 with the Public Health Service Act; it was asking for a movement protecting oral health as it was linked to overall health (Imes par. 4). More research is coming out on this subject, but already bacteria from periodontal disease has been found in the brain, lungs, and heart (Institute of Medicine. 33). With oral health being increasingly important and low-income families and countries being underserved, the government has started to initiate programs to improve oral health geared towards the underprivileged. The water fluoridation and school-based dental sealants are two successful programs started by the government (“Oral health.” CDC par. 41). These programs however do not reach enough people, especially the people who are part of the underserved. With oral health as important as it is, more...
Some common barriers to healthcare workers can be cost, access to hand sanitation stations or materials and lack of knowledge of current best care practices. Lack of proper hand hygiene increases the likely hood of a healthcare acquired infection. Cost to the hospital and the patient increases with longer hospital stays and more treatment required. Current practices should not be changed but education in the reasoning of these practices needs to be increased in the healthcare community.
The focus of health care is and has always been, practicing good hygiene, living a healthy lifestyle, and having a positive attitude reduces the chance of getting ill. Although there is not much prevention we can take for some of the diseases but we can certainly practice good hand hygiene to prevent infection and its ill effects. Research proves that hand washing is surely the most easy and effective way to prevent infection in health care. The question for this research: Is Hand washing an effective way to prevent infection in health care? It led to the conclusion that due to the high acuity, high patient: staff ratio, and lack of re evaluation certain units in the health care facilities cannot adhere to correct hand washing guidelines. Hand
Hand hygiene is now regarded as one of the most important element of infection control activities. In the wake of the growing burden of health care associated infections (HCAIs), the increasing severity of illness and complexity of treatment, superimposed by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogen infections, health care practitioners (HCPs) are reversing back to the basics of infection preventions by simple measures like hand hygiene. (CNO, 2015)
Both family activity and corporate activity enforce individuals to help encourage others to wash their hands. There are several similarities in terms of percentages and also cautiousness provided to prevent the spread of germs. The effects that it causes are very identical however, each activity focuses on diverse successions needed. A family activities main point is to keep kids and adults healthy whereas a corporate activity focuses on improving health and increasing productivity. The visuals displayed for family activity show parents teaching their child good handwashing technique while on corporate activity there is an
Hand hygiene, when done correctly is the most effective technique to prevent the spread of communicable diseases. It prevents nosocomial infections and transmissions of bacteria from one patient to another (Carter 2002). Hand hygiene has been highlighted significantly by many public health committees as an important aspect of delivering good quality care in health care settings (Lankford,
Why is correct hand washing considered deviant? Hygiene education, for children in first world countries, is focused on proper procedure and how this protects them from germs and the spread of disease. It is ingrained into the minds of preschool children that the most important way they can prevent pathogen contamination is by washing their hands, with soap and water. Yet, even though this is an important habit, a large number of adults never continue with the hand washing techniques they learn in childhood. Through an analysis of the association of contamination in relation to hand washing techniques by female Australian university students, a reason for perceptions of deviance becomes evident. Variables such as social pressure and a strong
Petersen, P. E. (2009). Global policy for improvement of oral health in the 21st century–implications to oral health research of World Health Assembly 2007, World Health Organization. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 37(1), 1-8.
In our study, 100% of children were washing their hands before taking food. Maximum of 92.5% of students washed their hand with soap and water, whereas 7.5% of children washed with only water (Table No. 12). This is more when compared to the study done by Ray SK, Amarchand R, Srikanth J, Mujumdar KK, in Kolkata and Bangalore, showed 86% of children always washed their hand before eating, but 47.3% of students never used soap and 30.9% used it occasionally, 21.3% always used soap for hand washing (23). Similarly another study conducted by Anita rani M, Sathyasekaran, in Chennai 2009, found nearly 77% of students washing their hand before eating food but only 19% of students using soap (18).
The combination of safe drinking water and hygienic sanitation facilities is a precondition for health and for success in the fight against poverty, hunger, child deaths and gender inequality. UNICEF works in more than 90 countries around the world to improve water supplies and sanitation facilities in schools and communities, and to promote safe hygiene practices. All UNICEF water and sanitation programmes are designed to contribute to the Millennium Development Goal for water and sanitation: to halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe water and basic sanitation. Key strategies for meeting the water, sanitation and hygiene challenges are to:
Not only does good oral health benefit a person socially but it also helps them economically. Following proper oral care prevents the need for treatment of dental problems such as fillings, tooth extractions, etc. These oral problems can result in treatments with costly bills. But by comparison, the cost of performing basic oral hygiene and preventive teeth cleaning is relatively low (Oral-B).