SPANISH HISTORY WITH RELATION TO HUMAN RESOURCE ISSUES
The story of Spain's economy did not take off until 1975 where they eventually turned into a democracy when General Franco and his regime died. The Spaniards once again looked to their king to take them into the unknown territory of democracy and brought them closer to the European Union.
Through out the 20th century just 1/3 of the population either had a job or was looking for one. In 1965 it touched record levels where unemployment was hovering at about 38.5%. However this number decreased in the 80s to about 33%-34%.
Compared to other European countries in the 1970s Spain had the lowest participation by women, which was at 18% of all women in Spain. This is to be compared to Italy, which was at about 26% and in northern Europe, which was about 30% to 40 %. However with benefits, incentives, government policies, and legislation this value was raised to about 30% to 40% of the population of women working in the labour force.
In the late 1980s Spain's economy was growing. This was mainly due to the rise in the employment, improved equipments, rise in industrial production and mainly government policies. However the figures might be false to a certain extent because it was believed that the underground economy had also contributed to the booming economy (http://www.workmall.com).
SPANISH LABOUR MARKET
The Spanish labour market is affected by tradition and culture, so there are two principal reasons that could represent the labor market in Spain. Firstly, there is a very high rate of unemployment besides the economic growth. Secondly, an individual tends to be unemployed for long time. Looking at the period from 1987 to 1991, there is 57.4%, unemployment in Spain. So in twentieth century, it was around 52.7% probably because the labor market was rigid.
After the government allowed the extensive use of temporary labour contracts, the employment in Spain had grown and they represent more than 90% of new hires. Beside that, throughout the nineties, Spanish labour market included young workers, women and others in lower qualification levels were affected by labour turnover.
(http://docubib.uc3m.es)
Source: ILO: 2003-2004 Key Indicators of the Labor Market (Geneva, 2003) (www.ilo.org/kilm)
According to the above table, total employment, which includes employees, employers, own-account workers and so on in Spain from 1997 to 2002 base on female with the highest level, continue with male and female.
The labor market entails the relations between the demand for labor, in one hand, and labor supply, on the other hand. Labor demand is defined by the amount of labor firms demand in order to produce certain amount of goods and services. Labor supply refers to the productive segment of the population that is determined by the size of the population. Within the labor market, workers can be classified as either economically active (the employed and the unemployed) or economically active. The employed encompasses people in paid employment or in self employment while the unemployed refers to people who are not working but have actively been looking for job and are willing to start work immediately. A person is classified as economically inactive if they are neither looking for work nor are they ready to start work. The labor force participation and the unemployment rate are major indicators of the health of an economy. This paper will compare the economies of the United Kingdom and Germany as well as their labor market (Shimer 2010).
Fewer Americans belonged to labor unions in the 1980s. In 1980 there were nearly 21 million union members; that number had declined to 17 million by 1985. The most important “aspect” of a job for the majority of Americans was a “feeling of accomplishment, beating out high pay by a better than 2 to 1 margin.” In the mid-Eighties, 88% of Americans said they were satisfied with their jobs. In spite of this, less than 40% expected to remain in their current job for more than five years. Most Americans didn't think it would be difficult to get another job. This “indicated general optimism” about the economy and the job market in the mid- and late-Eighties.
Spain has a corrupted economy and they have had to put their main focus on their unemployment rate so that it gets fixed fast. “Spain has a dual labor market” that is helping them get back on track with their unemployment but that is not helping everyone (Abend). “The destruction of jobs and the growth of the active population” is starting to grow and stabilize, people are now getting to work again and provide for their family so that they can make ends meet (Abend). “The unemployment rate is affecting the young people more than the older people” (Schuman). “The young people are always scared” to enter the work force in the start of any of their jobs (Schuman). This shows that “Spain is lacking jobs and the lack of experience due to unemployment” (Schuman). The young people are not working and don’t know what it is like to work due to the unemployment rate being insanely high. The government of Spain said “Even during the boom years, when everyone was so triumphant, some of us were saying that it’s not just the quantity of jobs that matter, it’s the quality” (Abend). This shows that ...
Europeans arrived in Argentina in 1502. Spain established a permanent colony on Buenos Aires in 1580. Later on Argentina will become independent, but it will not come until July 9, 1816. From 1880 to 1930s Argentina was one of the top 10 wealthiest nations based on their agriculture. It wasn’t until 1986 that Argentina became a democracy, before that it was under military regime. During 1998 and 2002 Argentina had a major economic downfall. This is known as the Argentinean great depression. There were a couple of reasons: During the military regime the country went into debt for not finishing projects. Also, after democracy came back the new president try to stabilize the economy by creating a new currency, thus the country needed loans for this to happen. The debt eventually rose and the country had lost the confidence of the lenders.
La Movida began when Dictator Francisco Franco died in Madrid on November 19th, 1975. Franco’s 36-year reign had been one in which rigid public and church laws preserved the traditional role of family, enforced formal relations between the sexes, and controlled expression in the press and media. Eager to distance themselves from Franco’s repression and censorship, Spain quickly began the move to democracy called the “Transition”. King Juan Carlos I helped the transition by quickly naming Adolfo Suárez Prime Minister. Spain’s first democratic vote in over 40 years took place in 1977, and a new constitution was signed in 1978. That constitution is still in place now. In 1979, Enrique Tierno Galván became the mayor of Madrid, the capital of Spain. In this position he had a lot of power to help or hinder La Movida. His choices helped Spain to move past its repressive past. Then, in 1982 the Socialist PSOE party, headed by Felipe González, was voted in by a landslide and became Spain’s first leftist government since the 1930s.
La Movida began when Dictator Francisco Franco died in Madrid on November 19th, 1975. Franco’s 36-year reign had been one in which rigid public and church laws preserved the traditional role of family, enforced formal relations between the sexes, and controlled expression in the press and media. Eager to distance themselves from Franco’s repression and censorship, Spain quickly began the move to democracy called the “Transition”. King Juan Carlos I helped the transition by quickly naming Adolfo Suárez Prime Minister. Spain’s first democratic vote in over 40 years took place in 1977, and a new constitution was signed in 1978. That constitution is still in place now. In 1979, Enrique Tierno Galván became the mayor of Madrid, the capital of Spain. In this position he had a lot of power to help or hinder La Movida. His choices helped Spain to move past its repressive past. Then, in 1982, the Socialist PSOE party, headed by Felipe González, was voted in by a landslide and became Spain’s first leftist government since the 1930s.
On the other hand, studies show that the number of women working has dramatically changed since 1970. These studies show that back then, the workforce was made up with 37.97 percent of women. Comparing this percentage to the studies made from 2006 to 2010, the presence of women in the workplace has increased at least 10 percent. In the 1970’s, it was really rare to see a woman working as an accountant; today, 60 percent of those accountants are women. Also, they have kept their own “careers for women” because more than 90 percent of dental assistants, secretaries and other work fields are composed by
Unemployment for individuals is a relative concept. Currently, the US government defines the worker as someone who has to be actively seeking work, in order to count as unemployed; a worker who has given up searching for work, which many have done recently, they are no longer counted as unemployed. One possible reason for this is that statistically, numbers on unemployment are geared towards employers, that is because employers care only about the amount of movement within the labor market, which means they prefer unemployment levels that keep workers a bit concerned but not high enough to threaten economic activity or political stability. Workers barely connected to the workforce, are not a factor in this calculation. This is what the conventional debate over the statistical level of “full employment” is based on, and mainstream econom...
The Spanish Civil War broke out due to the political consequences of the failed dictatorship of General Primo De Rivera, the weaknesses in the Coalition Government of 1931 and all other following governments and the constant failures of the acting government leading in strikes and resentment from the Spanish people. General Primo De Rivera’s failed dictatorship led to the emergence of extreme political parties and the need for these parties to counteract the failed policies of Rivera. Had Rivera’s dictatorship been successful then there would have been no weak coalition government and therefore less division and resentment among Spaniards and a Civil War may have been prevented or ...
Thesis: Located in Southwestern Europe, Spain is the third largest European country. Like many countries Spain has its own individual culture, history, and government.
wages and the jobs they are hired for to that of men. Many women in similar
My essay is divided into two parts. In the first part I am focused on the first question and I analyse Åsa Löfström´s report, OECD and World Bank Group´s documents and the scientific works of other scientists, such as Roger Mortvik and Roland Spant, Mark Smith, Kabeer and Natali. In the second part I am more specific and I try to find answers on the second and third question. Whereas these questions involve the strategies and actions to exploit the economic potential in female employment, I will focus on the EU level to give you a particular example.
The other factors which are driving to these labor force numbers are the current workforce in United S...
than the 3.2 per cent unemployment rate recorded in the May to July period. The
Notice that the participation of the woman in labor force is a natural response according with the evolution of the world. Castellano, Punzo and Rocca (2013) wrote in their article, there is a concern in Europe about social policies on women participation in the labor market, which the objective is promote the gender equality and revitalizing the work area through the female participation. Thus, some countries have worries about laws and rules with worker woman because there isn’t doubt that she brings benefits for the society.