The large intestine which encircles the small intestines consists of the cecum; appendix; ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon; rectum; and anal canal1. The large intestine differs from the small intestine anatomically by the presence of four features1:
1. Omental appendices: omental-like peritoneum covered fat accumulations
2. Teniae coli: thickened bands of smooth muscle which begins at the base of the appendix as one one band and then separates into three bands to run the length of the rest of the large intestine up until the recto-sigmoid junction where they once again become a merged longitudinal layer around the rectum
3. Haustra: sacculation/pouches within the semilunar folds
4. Internal diameter/ caliber is greater in the large intestine
Cecum and Appendix
The cecum; roughly 7.5 cm in length and in breadth is a blind intestinal pouch, and it forms the first part of the large intestine1. It is inferior to the ileocecal junction and it lies in the right inguinal region/ iliac fossa1. It is an intraperitoneal structure however it has no mesentery1. It is held in place in the right iliac fossa by one or more cecal folds of the peritoneum1.
The relationships of the cecum1: o Continuous with ascending colon at the level of the opening of the ileum on the medial side o In contact with the anterior abdominal wall o The appendix is attached on the posteromedial wall o Superior to the inguinal ligament; within 2.5cm; and resting posteriorly on the right iliac fossa.
The vermiform appendix meaning worm-like is on average a 6-10cm long narrow and blind ended tube that arises on the posteromedial aspect of the cecum inferior to the ileocecal junction1. It is suspended from the terminal ileum by a short triangu...
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... along the left colic artery1. It then passes to the inferior mesenteric lymph nodes1. Lymph from the left colic flexure may drain into the superior mesenteric lymph nodes or the inferior mesenteric lymph nodes1.
Innervation distal to the left colic flexure has sympathetic nerve supply from the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk via the lumbar/ abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves, the superior mesenteric plexus, and the peri-arterial plexuses following the inferior mesenteric artery and its branches1. Parasympathetic nerve supplies form the pelvic splanchnic nerves via the inferior hypogastric plexus and nerves1.
Works Cited
1. Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Orientated Anatomy. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. p.246-253; 411-414.
2. Netter, FH. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. Plate 373.
In this paper I will clarify the relation between the integumentary system and the skeletal system. During this paper I will address how the two systems work together to maintain homeostasis and what occurs when balance is not maintained between the integumentary and skeletal system. During this paper I will explain how osteoporosis is directly linked between both the integumentary and skeletal system and ways to prevent or yield this disease.
Marieb, E. N., & Hoehn, K. (2013). Human anatomy & physiology (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the portal through which nutritive substances; vitamins, minerals and fluids enter the body. The digestive tract is more than 10 metres long from one end to the other. It is continuous starting from the mouth, passing through the pharynx and the oesophagus, to the stomach, the small and large intestines, ending in the rectum, and finally into the anus. The GI tract is divided into two main sections: the upper GI tract and the lower GI tract. Upper GIT includes the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus and stomach. The lower GI tract includes the small and large intestines and anus. The accessory organs of digestions are the gallbladder, liver and pancreas. Diseases that may occur in upper and lower GIT can be divided as oesophageal diseases, gastric diseases and intestinal diseases.
...inePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014.
Marieb, E. N., (2006). Essentials of human anatomy and physiology. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings.
Colon is one of the largest intestine that is shaped like a tube and the measurement is about 14 feet. It is also the lover part of your digestive system. The rectal
...all intestine (Chiras, 2013). According to Chiras (2013), the contraction of the smooth wall of the organ pushes the feces along the large intestine. The fecal matter accumulates in the rectum, the last part of the large intestine (Chiras, 2013).
Peristalsis that was mentioned earlier in the oesophagus is also used in the small intestine to help move food through and mix it with digestive secretions from the pancreas and the liver. Its first responsibility is the process to continuously breakdown, then the second and third responsibility is the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. As chyme moves through the small intestine, many of the molecules are absorbed in to the bloodstream and the small intestine has a very efficient way to help in this process. The inside of the small intestine has finger-like projections called villi and these raise the surface area of the gut. The contents of the small intestine begin semi-solid and then finish in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Bile enzymes, water and mucus contributes to the change in consistency. Then once the nutrients have been absorbed and any leftover food residue liquid has been passed through the small intestine, it will then move onto the large intestine through the ileocecal
Large Intestine- The large intestine is made of 3 parts; the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. Some refer to the large intestine as the colon, because the colon contains four separate parts; the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon (WebMD (2).) The cecum connects the small and the large intestine, acting as a transition area for food to travel. The ascending colon takes feces from the cecum to the transverse colon, during this process, bacteria digest fecal matter for the release of vitamins. The longest part of the colon, the transverse colon, is where the most absorption within the large intestine takes place. The descending colon transports feces from the transverse colon to the sigmoid colon. The descending colon walls also absorb water, nutrients, and vitamins from the feces, and can store the feces until it is read to be eliminated. The sigmoid colon can also
The three parts of the small intestine, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum extend all the way from the pylorus to the beginning of the large intestine or colon (The Digestive Sytem and Body Metabolism). The small intestine is where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs (The Digestive Sytem and Body Metabolism). Peristalsis in the small intestine mixes the food with the digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine (Diseases). Then the walls of the intestine absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream so that the blood can deliver the nutrients to the rest of the body (Diseases). This is the final digestion process of proteins and starches but the bacteria that are in the small intestine only produce some of the enzymes needed to digest carbs (Diseases). The remaining liquid waste is pushed from the end of the small intestine into the beginning of the large intestine, the cecum, after it is processed (The Digestive Sytem and Body
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New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. eMedicineHealth.com - eMedicineHealth.com - eMedicineHealth.com - eMedicineHealth.com - eMedicineHealth.com - eMedicineHealth.com - 2013. The. Anatomy of the Central Nervous System. Pictures and Information on eMedicineHealth.com.
The digestive system is a very important system in the human body. It is a group of organs that work together to turn food into energy and nutrients in the entire body. The food that was chewed in a humans’ mouth now passes through a long tube that is inside of the body that is known as the alimentary canal. The alimentary canal is made of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines. Those few things are not the only important accessories of the digestive system there is also the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.