Artificial organ for transplant and Therapeutic protein

569 Words2 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: benefits of organ donation essay

Artificial organ for transplant The next application of animal biotechnology in pharmaceutical is artificial organ for transplant. Organ transplant can be defined as “a surgical operation where a failing or damaged organ in the human body is removed and replaced with a new one” (Paul, Valapour, Bartele, Abbott-Penny, & Kahn, 2004, p.5). According to Paul, Valapour, Bartele, Abbott-Penny, and Kahn (2004), example of organs that can be transplanted are skin, cornea and bone marrow that are less invasive but require specialized procedures. Cooper and Ayares (2012) mentioned that xenotransplantation is cross-species organ transplantation from animal to treat human. Furthermore, every year human need organs, tissues and cells for transplantation but lack in number of deceased human organs, so the interest of using organs and cells from animal species are rises continuously (Cooper & Ayares, 2012). Other than that, Houdebine, Lena and Burachik (2012) had stated that the most likely species for clinical transplantation into human is pig. In human heart surgery, the pig heart valves have been used for almost 30 years and in 1960’s, the best result was achieved when a chimpanzee’s kidney was transplanted into one patient who lived for nine months after the surgery (Nairne et al., 1996). There are few reasons to some people who need transplant for their organs. First, they were born with a structural abnormality of an organ. For example, congenital heart defect or biliary artresia that make a child require to undergo liver transplant. Next, nobody is perfect since some people was born with disease due to inherited disorder from their parents or some mutation happens in their genes that causes an organ fail to function well. Then the last ... ... middle of paper ... ...lopment of genetically modified animals. Collection of Biosafety, 7, 36-75. Nairne, P., Allen, I., Andrews, J., Brazier, M., Forrester, D., Heap, B. (1996). The ethics of xenotransplantation: Animal-to-Human Transplants. Retrieved from http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/sites/default/files/xenotransplantation.pdf Paul, B., Valapour, M., Bartele, D., Abbott-Penny, A., & Kahn, J. (2004). Ethics of organ transplantation. Retrieved from http://www.ahc.umn.edu/img/assets/26104/Organ_Transplantation.pdf Pohlmeier, B., & Eenennaam, A. V. (2008). Biomedical applications of genetically engineered and cloned animals. Retrieved from http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/animalbiotech/Outreach/Biomedical_applications_genetically_engineered_animals.pdf Transplant Australia (n.d.). Why people need transplants. Retrieved from http://www.transplant.org.au/Why-people-need-transplants.html

Show More
Related

  • A Comparison of Medical Transplants and Organ Donation in Canada and China

    1393 Words  | 3 Pages

    The term “medical transplant” is referred to the process of organ donation. In current modern trends, the world is moving towards the fifth generation. The new innovative medical techniques have enabled the people to reform from severe diseases. The phenomenon of organ donation and transplant is based on two primary persons. It involves surgical process to remove a body organ and tissue form from donor and fitting it into the body of recipient. In addition, the transplant that is performed within same body is called auto graft. Medical transplant that is performed in between to different bodies of same species is called allografts (Hewitt, 2008). The main reason of medical transplantation and organ donation is any injury and disease which prohibit the organ to work in proper condition.

    Read More

  • Xenotransplantation, Transgenics, and the Animal-human Boundary

    1855 Words  | 4 Pages

    Many ailments can be cured or at least ameliorated by the replacement of an organ and the progression of medical science has increasingly allowed more types of organs to be successfully transplanted. Doctors’ ability to transplant is thwarted, however, by the disproportionate number of patients in need of such life-saving treatment relative to the number of donor organs available. Due to a variety of circumstances there just aren’t enough spare organs to go around. In light of this situation and the ever increasing number of people who die every year while waiting for an organ donor, xenotransplantation has become a very attractive alternative to human transplants, for obvious reasons. While there may be a shortage of human organ donors, we can easily envision animals being bred for their organs and providing an almost unlimited supply.

    Read More

  • Organ Transplantation In Frankenstein By Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

    1127 Words  | 3 Pages

    All views and opinions should be taken into consideration when looking at areas such as ethics and morality. The topic of organ and tissue transplantation carries many considerations that can sway an individual whether to allow this practice to occur. A major issue that many consider is if this process is considered to be playing against fate and god. Society sometimes feels that taking and receiving organs from others is not acceptable because you are going against the life that is already determined along with taking parts from someone else that is not yours. Genetic engineering of animals and xenotransplantation carry many issues that include animal welfare along with medical considerations. Individuals feel that putting animals through this process just for human benefit is not acceptable and is affecting the way animals live. Others feel that using animal body parts on humans goes against morality completely since it is not natural in any shape or form (Elisabeth H. Ormandy 544). Even though some agree with a black market for organ sales, most are against this idea completely. It has been claimed that paying for organs would be ineffective, that payment would be immoral because it involves the sale of body parts and that the main donors would be the desperate poor, who could come to regret their decision (Elias). Opinions on morals and ethics are always affected when other fluctuating factors are tacked on to the

    Read More

  • Xenotransplantation Persuasive Speech

    648 Words  | 2 Pages

    In the world we’re living in today, many kinds of diseases, infections, and viruses are continuously arising. At the same time, scientists are untiringly researching about how we can prevent or cure them. Unfortunately, millions of people have been affected and sick that some of their organs fail that results to the need of organ replacement. Many people have died because no organs have been available to provide the need of organ replacements. The shortage of organ replacement has been a bioethical issue since then and it seems like no solution has been available. However, due to the studies scientists have been conducting, they found the most possible answer to this issue – Xenotransplantation. It hasn’t become very popular all over the

    Read More

  • Ethical Ethics Of Xenotransplantation

    665 Words  | 2 Pages

    In America, there are currently 122,198 candidates on the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) waiting list (“OPTN”). Due to a lack of available organ donors, around 18 waiting list candidates will die every day (“OPTN”). This has prompted the development and investigation of xenotransplantation—the transplantation of animal tissue and organs to potential human candidates. Currently in its early phases of development and study, xenotransplantation is controversial for its high failure rate, with only a few cases successful. This is attributed to the human immune system rejecting those animal donated organs, thereby potentially causing immediate death to the human candidate. On the one hand, pre-clinical trials have broadened the understanding of the human immune system, as well as furthered xenotransplantation research. However, because xenotransplantation has achieved little success, opponents of the procedure argue that it is unethical to continue its practice. It is also important to note that trials often use baboons in place of humans, which presents several variables to be examined before further human trials can begin. Moreover, the potential acquisition of zoonotic infection is a serious risk that cannot be fully determined without the use of human subjects. Thus, not only will xenotransplantation require more extensive study, it will also require hundreds of animal lives, all in an effort to create nothing more than a last resort.

    Read More

  • Use of Regitine During Transplants

    1591 Words  | 4 Pages

    6. Rothman, D. 1996. "Bodily Integrity and the Socially Disadvantaged: The traffic in Organs for Transplantation." In Organ and Tissue Donation; Ethical, legal, and policy issues. Speilman, B. (ed.).

    Read More

  • Healthcare Ethics Essay

    869 Words  | 2 Pages

    When medical care providers are forced to make decisions and these decisions “violate one of the four principles of medical ethics” so that they can adhere to another of these principles this is considered an ethical dilemma (“Medical Ethics & the Rationing of Health Care: Introduction”, n.d., p. 1). Bioethicists refer to the healthcare ethics four principles in their merits evaluation and medical procedure difficulties as transplants. Organ and or transplant allocation policies has a mixture of legal, ethical, scientific and many others, however the focus here will be to show how the four ethical principles, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice, applies to transplant allocation (Childress, 2001, p. 5).

    Read More

  • Cloning - It’s Time for Organ Farms

    1444 Words  | 3 Pages

    The theory behind transplanting porcine organs into humans is relatively simple.  Humans and pigs have such similar physiologies that transplanted organs would behave the same ways in humans as they do in pigs.  After the operation, it is just a matter of suppressing the immune system to prevent the organ's rejection.  In fact, livers transplanted from pigs are already being used as temporary solutions for many people waiting for human donors.3  Unfortunately, "temporary" is the key word here.  Porcine cells have a sugar not found in human cells, which the immune system recognizes and instantly attacks in what is calle...

    Read More

  • Organ Transplant: The Positive Effects Of Organ Donation

    2056 Words  | 5 Pages

    One single organ donor can save the lives of eight people and that same donor can help to improve health conditions of fifty other people as said by an article on facts about donation. Organ donation is when a living or deceased person's organs are taken out by medical physicians and surgically inserted into another person's body to help improve their health condition. The receiver and donor of the organ are not the only people affected by the transplant. Families of the donor will often become relieved knowing that their loved one will be continuing to help needy people even after they are gone and the families of the receiver will also sleep better knowing that there is still a chance that someone could help the medical status of their loved one. Organ transplant has also overcome many scientific challenges. Jekyll’s actions in Dr.

    Read More

  • Persuasive Essay On Organ Transplantation

    1198 Words  | 3 Pages

    I am very interested in the topic of Organ transplantation. I am interested in biology and the process of surgeries. What intrigues me is the process of saving someone’s life in such a dramatic and complicated process. My dad happens to be a doctor and in his training he cut open a human body to see for himself the autonomy of the body. So being interested in the field of medicine is in my blood. Modern technology helps many people and saves people around the globe. However even with modern technologies that progress mankind, bio medical and ethical dilemmas emerge. And ultimately life falls into the hands of the rabbis, lawmakers and philosophical thinkers.

    Read More

  • Persuasive Essay On Xenotransplantation

    1654 Words  | 4 Pages

    On a biological level, organ rejection is a huge issue to be overcome, and strategies for creating tolerance or preventing this rejection need to be continually researched and developed. Also there remains a large amount of unknowns in terms of whether an animal organ could actually continue working normally in the human body and if so, if it would fulfill all of the roles that a healthy human organ does. Xenozoonoses too are a great risk – this is “the transmission of infections agents from one species to another”. 3 In pigs, there have been many infectious agents with the potential to cause disease in humans identified. Furthermore, an unknown virus might exist in the animal which doesn’t cause pathology in the animal but which could in humans. This can’t be tested using animal models and it is clearly not ethical to test in humans.

    Read More

  • Essay On Xenotransplantation

    755 Words  | 2 Pages

    Ethical issues also play a role in the selection of the solutions. Most patients perceive xenotransplantation as an acceptable alternative to transplantation of human organs in life-threatening situations provided the potential benefits outweigh any likely adverse effects on the animals. Xenotransplantation of organs from chimpanzees and baboons has been avoided, because of ethical concerns as chimpanzees are listed as endangered species and the fear of transmission of deadly viruses. Pigs are plentiful, quick to mature, breed well in captivity, have large litters, and have vital organs roughly comparable in size to those of humans. Further there are physiologic similarities between their antibodies to human antibodies, and also since they are already being used in the consumer market, organs have been mainly harvested from pigs. Humans have had prolonged and close contact with pigs, their use for the purpose of xenotransplantation is believed to be less likely to introduce any new infectious agents. Porcine islet cells of Langerhans have been injected into patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Porcine skin has been grafted onto burn patients, and pig neuronal cells have been transplanted into patients with Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease.

    Read More

  • The History of Organ Donation and Transplantation

    995 Words  | 2 Pages

    Nadiminti, H. (2005) Organ Transplantation: A dream of the past, a reality of the present, an ethical Challenge for the future. Retrieved February 12, 2014 from http://virtualmentor.ama-assn.org/2005/09/fred1-0509.html

    Read More

  • The Ethics of Organ Transplantation

    573 Words  | 2 Pages

    With an average of 18 people dying every day due to a shortage of donated organs and a new candidate added to the donor list every 10 minutes(U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Staff, 2013), the question arises; who should receive the opportunity of a transplant and who should not? John S. Mill argues ethical points that happiness forms the substructure of morality while fortifying this argument with examples illustrating that all the objects people desire is aimed at happiness. He attempts to answer the question of moral and ethical issues with a look at consensus and principles that support t...

    Read More

  • Organ Failure Essay

    1955 Words  | 4 Pages

    Fukumits , K., Yogi, H., & Soto-Gutierrez, A. (2011). Bioengineering in Organ Transplatation: Targeting the Liver. Transplatation Proceedings, 43, 2137-2138. Retrieved May 30, 2014

    Read More

More about Artificial organ for transplant and Therapeutic protein

Open Document