More handpicked essays just for you.
Social influence of the protestant reformation
Social influence of the protestant reformation
Social influence of the protestant reformation
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
The Dutch Revolt of the sixteenth century, was a conflict between the Protestant Low countries, and the Catholic Spanish Empire. This resulted in the division of the seventeen provinces of the Netherlands, and eventually the formation of the Dutch Republic. This struggle culminated into a Religious split. The Dutch speaking north were tolerant to various religious affiliations, whereas, the French and Walloon South, remained loyal to Philip II, and were predominantly Catholic. In order to determine the significance of Reformed faith in the success of the Dutch Revolt, interpretations from both Peter Griel and Wallace will be explored. Additionally, social, economic and political factors will be considered, in order to determine their significance in the revolt's success.
Drawing from Ole Peter Griel et al (2007) interpretation of events,it is evident that the seventeen provinces which made up the Netherlands, was a powerful economy in early modern Europe, Antwerp in particular was a region which was successful in commerce. The prosperous urbanised area, together with differences both culturally and linguistically between the northern and southern provinces provided an ideal background, for the manifestation of political and religious grievances.
Additionally, Philip II ( 1556 – 1598 ), king of Spain and the Hapsburg Netherlands, was indifferent to the traditional political and cultural aspects of the provinces. The 1566 crisis resulted from a combination of political, economic and religious frictions. Initially the rise in taxation appears a significant trigger for the uprising. The local nobility who complained about the reorganisation of Catholic bishoprics were clearly resentful. This was imposed by Cardinal Granville w...
... middle of paper ...
...tizens.. Therefore the Dutch revolt occurred because of a combination of factors. Primarily the Dutch Revolt was about religious freedom or about liberation from Habsburg rule. noble disaffection ,religious tension caused by the growth of Calvinism. It is clear that there was a struggle for authority in the Netherlands. The personality of the figures involved in these conflicts inevitably had an impact on the success of the Dutch revolt. Alienation by Alva, which even included Catholics with the taxes, and the united front of Protestants against Spanish troops suggests that suppression was a more significant factor than that of the religion atrocities. In 1579, the treaty of Utrecht was signed uniting the northern provinces of the Netherlands. The success of the Dutch revolt, however was not officially recognised as the republic until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
Both Charles and parliament’s handling of the country’s finances during the Restoration Settlement can be factored into the causes of political instability between 1665 and 1685. Whilst both the Convention and Cavalier parliaments granted Charles some funds, it was easily not enough. This lead to him having to increase taxes, and introduce the Hearth Tax, but neither of these raised nearly enough to stabilise things. From 1665 onwards, finances were still an underlying problem and perhaps if parliament had helped Charles initially by granting him more money, then the later problems, such as the financial
Post reformation, Elizabeth faced a different type of challenge from nobility who were angered by the Tudor centralisation of government. Although the other factors are present, political, remains a consistent, underlying factor throughout the period. During Henry VII’s reign, there were two strong dynastically motivated challenges to the crown. Simnel and Warbeck in both 1486 and 1491 were both direct challenges to the throne. However, after the imprisonment of Edmund de La Pole in 1506 the Tudor rebellions changed from being direct challenges to the throne to indirect challenges against ‘evil misters’ for example the Amicable Grant in 1525.
John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe, Volume 1, (London, New York). Class Notes Class Documents HI 4712 Class Readings HI 4712
In the mid 18th century many different powers in Europe were trying to spread their influence and gain global power. However, this was not without difficulty. There were many regional issues that these powers needed to overcome such as economic complications, struggles with native and conquered peoples, and competing with other European powers.
In The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village, renowned scholar Eamonn Duffy investigates the English Reformation. Duffy pears through the eyes of the priest of a small, remote village in Southwestern England. Using Sir Christopher Trichay’s records of the parish, Duffy illustrates an image of Reformation opposite of what is predominantly assumed. Duffy argues the transformation that took place between 1530 and 1570, through the transition of four monarchs, was much more gradual that many interpret. Even though state mandate religious change affected the community of Morebath, the change did not ensue the violence that is often construed with the Reformation. Sir Christopher Trichay’s leadership and his portrayal of community life, the development and removal of St. Sidwell, and the participation in the church through stores develop Duffy’s argument of appeasement rather than violence during the English Reformation.
...Sugar and Stamp Acts). Before the era of Enlightenment, colonists were angered by the British interfering with their new country, but never thought to rebel against their homeland. However, with their newfound knowledge of Enlightenment principles like freedom and reason, many colonists began to see the taxes as unfair. Knowing that political power was in their hands, they stood up against the British government stating that they were an independent country. Additionally, as the British government continued to try to interfere with American government, many colonists began to want a new government that was based on Enlightenment principles instead. This led to the American Revolution because the colonists with their gained knowledge of the world and society yearned for a government that guaranteed everyone natural rights under the law.
Between 1650 and 1713, the Dutch Republic faced many challenges to it's security, unity and prosperity. In these years, the Dutch Republic faced a decline in trade, increased debt, crushing military defeats and a skeptical, divided society, all of which threatened the vitality of the Republic.
...mplemented. Phillip was further dependant upon his New world inheritance to maintain his policies and authority over his land, shown in the issues of the Dutch revolt. authority throughout 1474-1598 was largely on the basis of religion, and it is clear that religion caused the discovery of the new world, as the capture of Granada fuelled messianic fervour, resulting in Columbus being commissioned by the Spanish. For Charles and phillip, controlling the Netherlands was only feasible by undermining the protestant reformation. Thus the New world was largely a growing source of power for the Spanish monarch's, being the primary factor for phillip in maintaining his authority, but the authority that was fuelled by this power was due to the foundation of religious policies, and marriages during Ferdinand and Isabella's reign that resulted in the expansion of Spanish power.
The English Civil war was partially a religious conflict, which brought Church and State against Parliament. Under the reign of James I, England saw the rise in Protestants dissenters. Groups like Barrowists, Puritans, Fifth Monarchists, Quakers, and many more demanded for more religious reform. They felt that the Church of England’s liturgy was too Catholic for a Protestant church. James VI and I accepted the more moderated Puritans and other dissenters, and he was able to keep his kingdom in peace. However, his son Charles I did not believe that kings were answerable to Parliament, but to God. In fact, he ruled without Parliament for many years. He trusted the running of the Church of England to William Laud, who believed that the Church had already gone through too many reforms. Laud went wrong when he tried to make church services more about doctrine and sacraments, and sought to make freewill the official doctrine of the Church. He did not stop there. He ordered that alters should be re-sited from the central places in churches to the east end of churches across the country. This essay will discuss Laud’s Arminian doctrines and his misjudgement of England’s religious mood, which led to his downfall and to the civil war.
There were two sides in the Thirty Years’ War the Protestant League and the Catholic League. The Protestant League consisted of Frederick of Bohemia who was the leader of the Protestant princes, Denmark led by king Christian IV, Sweden led by king Gustavus Adolphus, and the Netherlands led by the house of orange all financially supported by king of France Louis XIII. The Catholic League consisted of the leader Duke Maximillian of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire Led by Emperor Ferdinand II, and king of Spain Philip IV (Billiet). There were five major phases of the Thirty Years’ War the Bohemian Revolt, Palatinate phase, Danish intervention, Swedish intervention, and the French intervention (Thomas).
Throughout France in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries majority of the population consisted of peasants who lived in rural areas across an estimated thirty thousand different villages. The lives of these peasants consisted of hard physical labour that usually took place on farms that they rented from a seigneur . “Life was a struggle to grow enough to feed families and meet obligations. Crop yields were relatively low, and the average villager did not own enough land to live comfortably on what it could produce” . This paper will cover peasant revolts in France during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as their suppressions. Two different kinds of revolts will be looked at, tax revolts and religious revolts. The two kinds of revolts will then be compared and analysed.
Roper, H. R.. The crisis of the seventeenth century; religion, the Reformation, and social change. [1st U.S. ed. New York: Harper & Row, 19681967. Print.
The protestant reformation of 16th century had both: immediate and long term effects. Thus, we can see that it was a revolution of understanding the essence of religion, and of what God is. The protestant reformation is said to a religious movement. However, it also influenced the economical, political and social life of people. The most global, short term effect of the reformation was the reevaluation of beliefs, and, as a result, the loss of authority of the Holy Roman Empire. The long term effects were: the emergence of new heretical movements, the declining of papacy, thus the reevaluation of people’s view on the church and life values.
Stott, Anne. "Europe 1700-1914: A Continent Transformed." europetransformed.blogspot.com. University of London, 7 March 2011. Web. 30 November 2013.
Filipe V succeeded in this Succession War, which allowed the Bourbon Monarchy to initiate reforms in effort to centralize Spain’s government; reform country’s financial systems; reinstate and reinforce the country’s military forces. The House of Bourbons had three princes, Filipe V (1700-1746), Ferdinand VI (1746-1759) and Charles III (1759-1788) that worked together to facilitate these reforms that modernized Spain completely. These reforms e...