When planting a seed, many factors permit the seed to grow and become a plant. To sprout from the ground and survive, seeds require water, air, and a specific temperature. Seeds can get water, oxygen, and sun by being placed at the proper planting depth. Planting depth is the depth at which a seed is placed in the soil. If a seed is exposed to these vital needs, it goes through a process called germination. According to the Wise Geek article, “What is Germination?”, “Germination is a process in which a seed or spore awakens from dormancy and starts to sprout.” (“What is Germination?”). The writer of Botany Projects for Young Scientists says, “The seed usually goes through a dormant, or resting period after it has left the parent plant. During this time, it can endure cold or dry conditions.” they later go on to say, “When warmth and moisture become available, the seed germinates and forms a new plant.” (Bleifeld 60).
In laboratory settings, germination tests are conducted to see how long it takes seeds to germinate. After the seed has grown for the allotted days, they also test for abnormal seedlings. In some cases, abnormal seedlings can be caused by damage to the seeds before or during planting, insects, disease, chemicals, and exposure to cold temperatures. All the factors are controlled. (Colbry et al. 434-437). Some of the seeds used in my experiment may not sprout because they may have had prior damage. Seeds sometimes have tough seed coats. This may stunt germination because it takes longer for water to enter the seed. With water not entering the seed, but staying around it, the seed may be exposed to some frost. Soybean is a seed that I intend to use for my experiment. These seeds are often prone to damage. (Colbry et al...
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Bleifeld, Maurice. Botany Projects for Young Scientists. Franklin Watts. 1992. Print.
Colbry, Vera L. et al. “Tests for Germination in the Laboratory.”
Seeds: Yearbook of Agriculture 1961. United States Government Printing Office. Print.
Qiu, J., and Mosjidis, J. A. “Genotype and Planting Depth Effects on Seedling Vigor in Sericea Lespedeza” Journal of Range Management. 46.4 (1993): 309-312. Print.
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The germinating seeds consumed almost no oxygen throughout the experiment in the 10-degree C water bath. I think that this is because when an organism cools down, all of its cellular functions slow down.
Abstract: Gibberellic acid is a plant hormone that is used to stimulate growth and fasten the germination of plants. When Gibberellic acid used on plants, it produces bigger and fuller leaves following by elongating the stems. This experiment was designed to determine the effect that Gibberellic acid will have on the growth of a seed germination. As performed in class, three types of radish seed were treated with Gibberellic acid to see the effects the acid will have on those three seeds. During the treatment plan, the three seeds received a different amount of acid and water five times a week. For instance, Seed A got approximately 2.5ML of Gibberellin acid, seed B got 5.0ML, and seed C got 10ML, following by seed A getting 17.5ML of water, seed B getting 15.0ML, and seed C obtaining 10ML of water. However, based on this treatment plan, seed A and B showed no growth. While, the seed that consumed more acid, which was Seed C showed rapid growth. In this case, the only possible explanation for this surprising result could be that the Seeds
Germinating tobacco seeds are a very delicate thing to do. Seeds are spread out on the surface of a seedbed to be nursed until they are strong enough to be out in a field. The “nursery” takes about 2 months of supervising the growth of the plant and to control diseases and pests (Akehurst, 1968). Before replanting in a field, producers have to assess a field site. There needs to be a reliable
UXL Encyclopedia of Science (2002), stated that seeds are a part of plant. It can be the cause for a new plant. When plants grow they will produce another set of seeds until the plants spread through the given space to them.
A population of Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) on the path was found to have higher trampling tolerance than populations away from the path; this reflected the sharp differences in the conditions of the plant at these sites. Ribwort Plant had generally a higher tolerance to trampling than any other plants as more were found on the path, but there were less compared with other plants as distance increased from the path. These results suggest that the competition level found on the path was sufficient enough to impose a selection pressure for the evolution of tolerance in a sensitive species, but in some areas the distribution of Ribwort Plantain were the same. This provides that other conditions affect the tolerance of trampling for Ribwort Plantain.
The hypothesis that a neutral environment would cause more seeds to germinate than acidic and basic environments was supported. Some possible errors in the experiment were that the papers were not dampened again and the temperature on the windowsill may have been too cool. To extend the experiment, multiple trials can be conducted and warm environments versus cooler environments could be
Six weeks previous to the conductance of this lab, Biology 108 section,planted wheat and mustard plants according to table#1 on page 3 of the Principles of Biology 108 Lab Manual . This table depicts all of the total pots and number and type of seeds planted in the pots. It accounts for the experiments of the intraspecific competition and interspecific competition. Replicates of each pot were planted to add precision and more acceptable statistics. Therefore, there were 40 pots, that is, 20 treatments conducted twice(Ciara, 1993).
The differences in all of the solutions was the pH, the lower the pH the hydroxide the solution had but the higher the pH was the closer it was to neutral. The results of our experiment varied from solution to solution, but the closer the pH was to neutral the longer the seedling was.
There is limited information in the literature on propagation of A. spicata. Dirr and Heuser (2006) found that warm and cold stratification of seeds promoted germination, although associated durations are not available. Softwood stem cuttings of A. spicata have also been successful when rooted in sandy soil, but the types of growth hormones and/or concentrations were not included (Dirr and Heuser,
In terms of temperature, some groups will have soil with a higher temperature and others will try a lower temperature. Groups 1-4 will plant seeds in soil that has a soil with a low temperature (50° - 65°) and groups 5-9 will plant the seeds in a soil with a moderate temperature (65° - 80°, the final group will plant seeds in soil that has the highest temperature (80° - 95°). These temperatures will range from 50° to 95°. Soil moisture will vary depending on the group and how much water they decide to use. For example, different soil types absorb water differently. As far as our grouping, the first group (1-4) will be planting seeds using soil with the highest level of moisture being about 10m3, the second group will using soil with a slightly lower moisture
under the parent plant (Wieseler, 2009). This growth habit is a primary reason the plant was
The experiment was designed to test the hypothesis by planting an increasing number of genus Helianthus (sunflower) seeds in pots to see how they respond to increased density in limited space. Two replicates each of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 seeds were planted in similar size pots containing an equal mix of potting soil and perlite. All plants were kept in greenhouse conditions exposed to similar light and temperatures settings and were watered at equivalent intervals. At the end of the time period each pot was evaluated for number of seeds that had germinated as well as number of stems with blooms. Stems and blooms were cut and weighed.
For instance, the Sesame plant must be planted on fertile soil that has a temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit (Langham et. al, 2008). This means that sesame seeds are best planted with a consistent temperature in mind with adequate rainfall. The soil has to be moist, but the sesame plant has to be carefully maintained due to its high risk of saturation by water. Sesame seed plants pose no risk for disease or have risk of being destroyed by various insects.
In seedless watermelons, rudimentary seed structures form but remain small, soft, white, tasteless and undeveloped tiny seed coats that are eaten virtually undetected along with the flesh of the melon. Seed production for these seedless types is an extremely labor intensive process that makes the seeds relatively expensive. Because germination of these types is often less vigorous than normal types, it is recommended that they be started in peat pots or other transplantable containers. Here the germinating conditions can be closely controlled. Once transplanted, cultivation is similar to that for regular watermelons.
Seed dispersal is the transport or movement of seeds away from the parent plant in order to help prevent the overcrowding (if this happens plants would not have enough food and light to survive in the area) and help to create new colonies. Thus giving the seed the best chance to germinate in a new location away from the parent plant and hopefully start new colonies. Due to the fact plants have limited mobility they rely on a variety of dispersal vectors to transport their seeds via abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) vectors. There are five main methods of seed dispersal, animals, gravity, wind, ballistic and water (1). Fire is also another way for seeds to be dispersed but is not as common as the other methods.