What do we know about Currency and International Commerce? We all know it takes money to by commodities and services, but do we really comprehend why we use a specific currency. Lets’ look at what causes world powers to trade in one specific currency, what it means for the world economy, why the standard currencies change and are there any changes coming. But before we get into the aforementioned we must first define currency and International Commerce. Currency or money as we know it is what we make as a country to have something in hand to purchase commodities and services. “Money, in some form, has been part of human history for at least the last 3,000 years.” (Beattie, 2015) In the days of old we used the barter system, cattle, …show more content…
“The choice of the invoicing currency is not neutral in respect of the trader’s exposure to exchange rate risk.”(Auboin, 2012) What this means is “bargaining power will have an impact on the currency chosen.”( Golberg and Tille, 2009) It means having to exchange your currency for the currency of the country you are doing business with, or even have to exchange currency multiple times because you are dealing through one country to another. It can also mean you are paying more or less money for the commodity or debt payment than was agreed upon. According to research “a number of countries have long acted to hold down the value of their currencies.” (Weisman, 2015) This is a good reason for world powers to choose a specific currency for use. However, this is not always the case; the main reason behind this is power. “It allows citizens and businesses to choose opposing currencies if they do not agree with the direction of their government’s monetary policy. If there is a one world currency, there is no more room for debate, choice, or alternatives. It empowers government and removes power from people. Of a certainty in this world, money is power. If the richest and most powerful people on earth share a common goal for their money, where will that ultimate power lead the nations of this world?” (Jabs, 2015) Now that we know a little bit as to why the world powers want one currency, let’s see what it means for the world
world began to use this item as a means of currency. Leading in the production of this element
Trade is the most common form of transferring ownership of a product. The concepts are very simple, I give you something (a good or service) and you give me something (a good or service) in return, everyone is happy. However, trade is not limited to two individuals. There are trades that happen outside national borders and we refer to that as international trading. Before a country does international trading, they do research to understand the opportunity costs and marginal costs of their production versus another countries production. Doing this we can increase profit, decrease costs and improve overall trade efficiency. Currently, there are negotiations going on between 11 countries about making a trade agreement called the Trans-Pacific
Historically, this is outlined in the domestic societal framework (a rationalist point of view dictating political outcomes as a direct result of domestic material interests in society). Whatever society wants, society gets, leaving the consumer is to benefit from a fixed exchange rate. Competition exists between all interests. Whatever interest dominates takes the winning interest. The winning interest, then, determines the outcome. With businesses facing pressure to decrease domestic prices, consumers now have the upper hand. (Wellhausen, 10-2-14). Thus, due to the enhancing credibility of the government, consumers also are to benefit from a fixed exchange rate. (Multiple governments
In the present day, the world's economy is ever-changing and adjusting. Many different reasons control the reasons for this. The future of currency is something that can only be predicted and is not guaranteed. However, there are many determing factors behind the changes that can take place. Asia and North America are two continents that have economies that have recently changed or are in the midst of change.
People in ancient times developed the concept of money around the year 2500 B.C. Some historians argue that it may have been even earlier. The first form of ?money? was silver in Mesopotamia. Silver functioned just like the money we use today. It had a standard, it was weighed in shekels so that one could determine the value of the silver in relation to its weight. Today, the way we determine the value of our money is by looking at the number in the corners of a bill. Like our money today, silver was easily portable compared to goods like milk and grain.
The Gold Standard, 1890-1926.” Journal of Global History 3 (2008), 313-335. Eichengreen, Barry. A. Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. Galbraith, John.
Today money is faith in the person paying us and belief in the person issuing the money he uses or the institution that honors his money. This trust has no end, it can be extended to a greater number of individuals. The establishment of money freed individuals from dependence on land as an essential resource for production and freed commerce from the need to barter and trade.... ... middle of paper ...
There have been deliberations about the ideal exchange rate system for a period of time, dazzling the advancement of the world economy and the manner of monetary policy.
To put it simply, the exchange rate is a price. As with any other market, price is determined by supply and demand. Whenever they are not equivalent, the exchange rate would change. However, the reality comes to be far more complicated.
Krugman, P.R. (1987) Is free trade passé? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1(2), 131-144. Retrieved from http://dipeco.economia.unimib.it/Persone/Gilli/food%20for%20thinking/simple%20general%20readings%20on%20economics/Is%20Free%20Trade%20Passe.pdf
Globalisation has been one of the most significant developments of the last half century, and issues such as trade and international commerce have become increasingly important. In consequence, problems such as poverty, unfair wages and poor working conditions in third world countries have been drawn to the attention of consumers (Hayes and Moore, 2007). This is a growing global issue which cannot be ignored by anyone concerned about the problems in developing countries. Free trade and Fair Trade have both been offered as solutions to these issues.
In the beginning of the human kind, there was no money. The only way to get what you want is to trade what you have for it. This system is called bartering. Sometimes, you will find a person who is willing to exchange your goods. However, most of the time, it is really difficult to find the person who is willing to trade with you. Since, you desperately need to exchange, you will need to travel the whole day until you meet the right person. In this type of situation, it will take a lot of time to find the person who wants to trade with your goods. Economists defined this kind of issue as transaction costs. It is the time and effort people spend before they can exchange their goods. In barter economy, the transaction costs are incredibly high. Another major drawback of barter system is that people cannot measure the value of goods. This usually leads to conflicts since people have to make unequal exchanges. In order to reduce transaction costs and conflicts, people developed commodity money.
...global organizations, demographics and communities are responsible for the large success of the many crypto-currencies on the digital market today. From my discovery of crypto-currencies in late 2013, I have discovered a major trade community with the international population. The crypto-currencies are growing largely in size and popularity. I am concerned over the stability of crypto-currencies - many of types currencies have suffered major capital loss, decrease of market cap, theft, illegal trade etc.. These certain currencies could be a hazardous to deal with in the future. I believe trade and transaction of crypto-currencies should be encouraged on a local, national and global level. Although they have suffered major setbacks in the global economy, I maintain that crypto-currencies have a positive future and that they will undoubtedly affect the worlds economy.
(FIX) Living in the world today, as a global society, we have become increasingly connected and continue to do so with each passing year. Individuals across the globe find it has become significantly easier to transport goods/services from country to country.
Daily in the USA about 38 million banknotes of various face value for total amount about 541 million dollars are issued (Facts about USA money).Dollars involve deep consequences both for the USA, and for other countries. Increase of its course relatively reduces the volume of export revenue in dollars, quite often involves more considerable, than change of an exchange rate, falling of the world prices, especially on raw materials. On the contrary, decrease in a dollar rate serves as the powerful tool promoting growth of the American export and a pushing off of competitors of the USA in foreign markets. At the same time import to the USA owing to effect of a rise in prices restrains. Thus, for the USA changes in the exchange rate of dollar anyway bring benefits and advantages.Reduction of leading positions of the USA in world economy is assisted by the international role of dollar which remains the main reserve and settlement means in world monetary system. Foreign currency reserves of the central banks of other countries for 61% consist of dollars, nearly 2/3 calculations in world trade are carried out in dollars; the dollar serves as a measure of value of many important goods (for example: oil) in the world market; in dollars 3/4 international bank crediting is made (Aleksandr Popov). Changes in the exchange rate of dollar involve deep consequences both for the USA, and for other countries. Increase of its course relatively reduces the volume of export revenue in dollars, quite often involves more considerable, than change of an exchange rate, falling of the world prices, especially on raw materials. On the contrary, decrease in a dollar rate serves as the powerful tool promoting growth of the American export and a pushing off...