Terms and Concepts of Fingerprint Patterns
• Gastationin - The process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth.
• Epidermis – They outer layer of cells covering an organism in Particular.
• DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid a self -replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It’s the carrier of genetic information.
• Fingerprint Patterns- Patterns formed by the ridge detail of the fingerprints, primarily loops, whorls, and Arches.
Questions
*What does it mean to be biologically related? –
They are related by genetic relationship then by marriage or adoption.
•What are fingerprints and how are they formed?-
Fingerprints are the tiny ridges, whorls and valley patterns on the tip of each finger. They form from pressure on a baby’s fingerprints in the womb.
•What procedures do officials, like the police, use to record fingerprints? Police use couple of different ways to record fingerprints. They use ink on a piece of paper. Also the newer technology is cleaner and uses a special scanner which uploads the fingerprints into the system.
•What are the different types or classes of fingerprints?
Fingerprints are made by impressions by human fingers when their finger comes into contact with anything. Fingerprint classification is the grouping of fingerprints as per the the patterns in which they appear. Finger prints from sibling’s or unrelated individuals to figure out if general fingerprints patterns are genetic or random. Each person has a unique set of fingerprints, nobody has same prints, which makes fingerprints identification a valuable tool for law enforcement agencies that’s looking for a criminal or missing persons. Comparing a print to ...
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....50.There is also a additional $14.00 processing charge to have fingerprints scanned and submitted electronically by the Pearson VUE or Identity solutions.
Do other states charge more for submitting fingerprints?
Each state charges different prices for ink or electronic finger printing. For submitting the fingerprints is also charged differently.
Which is faster, Ink fingerprinting or Electronic?
Electronic fingerprinting is faster and easier because it’s less paper work and less of a mess. Ink finger printing takes a while to process and it’s very messy. Ink finger printing has a lot of paper work involved.
Works Cited
http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Genom_p009.shtml#summary
http://ridgesandfurrows.homestead.com/fingerprint_patterns.html
http://shs2.westport.k12.ct.us/forensics/04-fingerprints/classification.htm
DNA is the genetic material found in cells of all living organisms. Human beings contain approximately one trillion cells (Aronson 9). DNA is a long strand in the shape of a double helix made up of small building blocks (Riley). The repeat segments are cut out of the DNA strand by a restrictive enzyme that acts like scissors and the resulting fragments are sorted out by electrophoresis (Saferstein 391).
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule found in in the nucleus of all cells in the body which carries our genetic information. DNA is found in the form of chromosomes, with a total of 23 pairs in the human body1. DNA holds the genetic coding for all our characteristics, i.e. our eye colour, body shape, and how we interact with others on a daily basis.
Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA) is a chromosome found in the nucleus of a cell, which is a double-stranded helix (similar to a twisted ladder). DNA is made up of four bases called adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), that is always based in pairs of A with T and G with C. The four bases of A, C, G, and T were discovered by Phoebus Levene in 1929, which linked it to the string of nucleotide units through phosphate-sugar-base (groups). As mention in Ananya Mandal research paper, Levene thought the chain connection with the bases is repeated in a fix order that make up the DNA molecu...
The essential component of life can be acknowledged and is made up of a nucleic acid known as DNA. DNA is the abbreviated form for the word deoxyribonucleic acid and it is the “carrier of genetic information” (McMurry, Ballantine, Hoeger, & Peterson, 1992, pg. 775). DNA contains the genetic instructions that are needed for an organism to develop, survive, and replicate, as it plays a crucial role in living systems that makes each species unique and distinctive. The multifaceted material is stored in every cell of every living organisms and it contains information about our nature, appearance, performance, etc. With the instructions that it contains, DNA is passed from the adult organism to their offspring during reproduction. (McMurry, Ballantine, Hoeger, & Peterson, 1992, pg.777).
1. DNA is a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA. DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine. The sequence of nucleotides determines individual hereditary characteristics.
Forensic genetics has other applications . The " fingerprint " DNA represents a valuable tool for forensic science . As is the case with an ordinary fingerprint genetic fingerprint is unique to each individual (except identical twins ) . The determination involves the observation of specific DNA sequences which can be obtained from extremely small tissue samples , hair, blood or eventually left at the scene . As Fifty microliters of blood, semen or five microliters of ten roots of hairs are enough , and nozzles secretions and cells from the fetus . In addition to its use in the capture of criminals , especially rapists , the genetic fingerprints can be used to establish family relationships . People involved in the conservation of species use them to be sure that captive breeding is among individuals who do not belong to the same family .
The three different main types of fingerprints are Loops, Arches, and Whorls (Jackson 1). Henry Faulds is known as the Father of Fingerprints and developing fingerprints (Jackson 1). His discovery of fingerprints has made a huge impact not only in his time but, in Modern Crime Scene Investigation (Jackson 1). Without fingerprinting, it would be very difficult to convict criminals of crimes and very hard to try to process information. Crime Scene Investigators make a huge impact in Forensic Science. We need CSI workers, without them people could only imagine what crime would be like not only in our community, but in our
Law enforcement uses several methods to solve all types of crimes. Having a variety of ways to help solve an investigation gives officials an advantage. If one method fails or isn’t helpful, there are several others they can rely on. For instance, if there are no physical witnesses to a crime, the criminal may have left a fingerprint at the crime scene. An individual’s fingerprint is unique, “no two persons have exactly the same arrangement of ridge patterns” (“Fingerprint ID”). Fingerprints of criminals and of civilians are collected and stored. Also, “People who apply for government jobs, jobs that handle confidential information, banking jobs, teaching jobs, law enforcement jobs, and any job that involves security issues can be fingerprinted” (“The First ID”). Fingerprints are processed within hours and minutes through the Integrated Automated Fingerprint ID System. This system was developed in 1991, and made it easier for different law enforcement agencies to store and share fingerprints.
Preview of main points: Now I am going to take you through the process of identifying, collecting and analyzing fingerprints.
Fingerprints are collected from the evidence, and ran through a database such as IAFIS. DNA evidence that is extracted from hair, bodily fluids and skin cells are also ran through databases that help identify the suspects. Firearms, bullets and cartridges are analyzed and can be used to trace a weapon back to its owner. All of the information gathered from collected evidence is pooled together to create a solid base for use in the conviction of suspects in a crime.
Crime investigators have the job to solve crime and find the suspect responsible. Sometimes the offense is very difficult to solve, but with the right pieces of evidence and tools, the investigation can be answered a little more easily. The use of fingerprints is a main tool used at crime scenes. Investigators find these at the actual crime scene and analyze them at the lab to determine whom the prints belong to. Each person has an individual print which is why this is a very useful piece of evidence. Sir Francis Galton found that the prints could be categorized into different types as well as different groups. The research of fingerprints from decades before has shaped the way detectives identify suspects and victims.
Discoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, and biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years, with accelerated discoveries and insight’s over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be the most important and describe their significance to society, health, and the culture of modern life. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a self-replicating molecule or material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent in chromosomes. It encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses.
DNA fingerprinting is a way of getting a person’s identification. This is shown in Figure 3 on page 4. One can extract DNA from hair, nails, blood, skin or even saliva. It was first used to discover genetic diseases but now is also used to help catch criminals or research the dead in order to unlock the evolution of mankind.
Finger print detection is a really good way to find criminals. Finger prints are excellent on finding the exact criminal because no two fingerprints are exactly the same(Source #1, 1982-Galton, sentence 3) . So once you match the fingerprint with one person then thats the criminal or whoever you are looking for. All you have to do is take advantage of the friction ridge patterns
The two main ways printers work is either impact or nonimpact. Impact printers have a device that touches the paper and then creates an image while nonimpact does not touch the paper. The type we use most often in our homes is the nonimpact printers; these include the ink-jet and laser printers. The ink-jet printer drops ink from a nozzle onto the paper. The laser printer is a bit more complicated because it uses toner, static electricity, and heat to get the ink where you want it on the paper. This is nice though because it decreases the drying time that may cause ink to smear, especially when you are printing pictures. (Tyson)