Adolescent Development Theory

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Adolescence is the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood, commonly occurs amongst individuals aged between 12 to 18 years (Hoffnung et al., 2016, p. 350). It is a developmental period characterised by hormonal changes that result from the onset of puberty, which is defined by the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics, such as growth of body hair and deepening voices in males, and breast development and menstruation in females (Jones & Creedy, 2012, p. 28). The timing in the onset of puberty differs in gender, girls generally reach pubertal development at an earlier age than boys (on average 13 years old for girls, and 14 years old for boys). In addition, environmental variables also influence the timing of puberty. For example, …show more content…

According to Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, a major task occurs during adolescence is the resolution of identity crisis. At this stage, adolescents exhibit greater social consciousness and actively seek for a sense of identity. However, the process of identity exploration can be difficult for most teenagers. Some may experience peer pressure and conflicts with friends, while others may suffer from social exclusion (Hoffnung et al., 2016, p. 393). Additionally, teenagers are more inclined to test the social boundaries and often end up in risk-taking behaviours such as smoking, alcohol drinking and sexual activities. The engagement of risk-taking behaviours not only leads to immediate health consequences but could also possibly persist into adulthood (Sales & Irwin Jr, …show more content…

This health issue contributes to the development of several serious chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, arthritis, some types of cancer and type 2 diabetes later in adulthood (Pasold, McCracken & Ward-Begnoche, 2014, p. 300). In Australia, it is estimated that almost one quarter of the teenagers’ population is overweight or obese (Diabetic Health Clinic, 2015). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), overweight and obesity is viewed as “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation” in one’s body; a condition likely to increase both short and long term health

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