Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
According to the National Cancer Center, there were approximately 9,290 new cases of individuals being diagnosed with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in the United States in 2013 with only 1,180 of those cases resulting in death. It has been said that Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is one of the most curable cancers even in its late stages. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is classified as being cancer of the B cells in the lymphatic system in which the B cells grow abnormally. Unlike normal B cells, which divide and die off, the diseased B cells do not. Instead, they continue to grow and spread to other areas of the body outside of the lymphatic system. This can compromise the body’s ability to fight infections. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is typically found in swollen lymph nodes or adenoids in the neck, chest or other body areas.
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is most often diagnosed in individuals between the ages of 15-35 and in those over the age of 55. Individuals who have been exposed to illnesses caused by the Epstein - Barr virus, such as mononucleosis, are more at risk for developing Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Males are typically more at risk than females for developing Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Individuals who have a family history of this disease as well as those with compromised immune systems resulting from HIV/Aids are also at risk for developing this disease. There are many types of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma including: Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin’s Lymphoma but the most common type is Classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.
While the exact cause of this particular form of cancer is unknown, a person with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma may exhibit some of the following symptoms: painless swelling of the lymph nodes...
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...k for signs of the cancer returning or any long-term treatment effects.
As with any illness, early detection is critical to effective treatment of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. One should be in tune with one’s body and its functions. One should be observant of any changes such as swollen lymph nodes that develop without a known cause. Awareness of the signs and symptoms of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma can make early detection and treatment possible.
References
"Hodgkin Lymphoma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.
"Hodgkin Lymphoma." What You Need To Know About. National Cancer Institute, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.
"Hodgkin's Lymphoma." Definition. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.
"What Is Hodgkin Disease?" What Is Hodgkin Disease? American Cancer Society, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.
The inclusion of special needs students is increasingly popular. In the 1984-5 school year only 25% of disabled students were educated in inclusive environments. The number almost doubled to 47.4% by the 1998-9 school year (Fine 2002). What makes the practice of inclusion accepted by so many? Research shows a plethora of benefits for the disabled child being taught in a general education setting. Learning in an inclusive environment provides for many an opportunity to grow academically. The mother of an autistic boy placed in an inclusive classroom said that “it has allowed him to realize an academic potential she never thought possible, even grasping abstract math concepts” (Bishop 2003). In a study comparing disabled students in a special education environment to those in an inclusive environment, statistics showed that those in the inclusive setting made more academic progress (Peetsma 2001).
Done correctly, mainstreaming does not mean simply placing the child into a classroom of regular students and expecting him to succeed on his own. Instead, it takes extra help to integrate autistic children into a mainstreamed environment because the others in the classroom are more socially motivated, whereas the child is more instinctively and structurally motivated (Siegel 226). With the help and constant support of special aids within the classroom, a child with autistic disorders has a better chance of succeeding because they are around children who will encourage proper behavior and social skills.
If B-cell and T- cell are identified under a microscope then it is Non- Hodgkin lymphoma. If Reed - Sternberg cell is present then it is Hodgkin lymphoma. There are different tools to diagnose these cancers and different options of treatments. One treatment that was approved by the FDA (food and drug administration ) seems to have greater success in the fight against Non Hodgkin lymphoma. Most Patients treated with only Chemotherapy will reach remission at some point but eventually will die. However the development of new treatment where chemotherapy or radiotherapy are given in addition to Monoclonal Antibodies have a higher rate of success in defeating the cancer all together. Monoclonal Antibodies are laboratory engineered molecules that are engineered to attach to a specific protein that is found only in B-cell. The immune system task is to fight invaders, however it does not always recognize the cancer as a harmful invader and does not attack it. The Monoclonal Antibody are directed to attach to a specific part of the cancer, marking the cancer cell as harmful and making it easy for the immune system to identify it and destroy it. Scientists are looking to to find out the reason lymphocytes turn into cancer, why they grow fast or live longer then they should. Once this is understood the focus will be on finding a cure for the disease. There are new drugs being tested on patients and studies are being done on how to improve steam cell transplant, and new drugs are being tested. A cure may be out of reach for time being but treatments and research are advancing every
Cancers arising from the lymph nodes or other sites of lymphoid tissue are broadly termed lymphomas. This group of diseases is divided into Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In both conditions, there is a replacement of normal lymphatic tissue by collections of abnormal lymphoma cells.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a cancer of the lymph nodes of the lymphatic system; this system is an important part of the body because the cancer can use the lymphatic system to travel around the whole body.
General signs and symptoms suspicious of malignancy which may lead a general practitioner to send a patient for further investigations include: malaise, fatigue, mineral and hormone imbalance, palpable mass, swelling, edema, abdominal or back pain, jaundice, fever, weakness, weight loss, and decreased immunity.
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. Our lymphatic system helps to protect us from disease and infection and consists of: lymph nodes, plasma cells, lymphatic vessels, the spleen, thymus gland, tonsils, adenoids, bone marrow, and immunoglobulins. White blood cells called Lymphocytes, travel through the body via lymphatic vessels and help to trap and kill disease and infection. Lymphatic vessels connect to lymph glands in our bodies and collect into large ducts that empty into our blood stream. Lymphocytes enter the blood stream through these ducts. There are three main types of Lymphocytes. B lymphocytes (B cells) make antibodies in response to invading bacteria, viruses or other microbes. B lymphocytes
...r to tackle. This type of cancer has the ability to spread quickly and the farther that it hits, the harder it can be overcome if at all.” This form of thyroid cancer often occurs in the inherited genetic disorder multiple endocrine neoplasia” (Thyroid Cancer 2). People who have inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia will most likely have medullary thyroid cancer, but it is rarely contracted without this disorder. Next, anaplastic thyroid cancer is the most fatal of all four subtypes. This types of cancer grows quickly and metastasizes to other parts of the body rapidly. “Anaplastic thyroid cancer is more likely to develop in men over the age of 70” (Thyroid Cancer).
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center states the disease is divided into two major types namely acute and chronic. The acute types of the disease are those that progress quickly and involve an overgrowth of very immature blood cells. This becomes life threatening because very few mature cells mean that the body loses its ability to prevent infection, anemia and bleeding disorders. A diagnosis of the acute type is given when the immature cells found account for 20% or more of the blood cells produced. The chronic type progress slowly and involves an overgrowth of mature blood cells. In contract to the acute type people affect by this type usually h...
“The current prevalence rates of Autism Spectrum Disorders range from 0.5 to 6.7 per 1,000 among children ages 3 through 10 years” (Shtayermman 88). With this dramatic change in the frequency of autism comes the development of special education schools and, in turn, a rise in the presence of autistic children in a general classroom setting. While many think that a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD, in attendance at a regular school would be beneficial to the child in question, there are instances where it would be unwise to place them in such an environment. Considering the characteristics of children with ASD, the victimization they go through in a regular classroom, and the lack of knowledge amongst teachers, the experiences of children with autism in mainstream schools may not always be beneficial to their wellbeing.
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Cindy Long is a writer and editor for NEA Today. (Long par. 2) She discusses that enrolling autistic students in regular classes will benefit them. Teachers are given the opportunity to attend training, so that students are able to transition from special education into the real world. Also, before going into regular classes, students experience classrooms based on Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA), which prepare them for their regular classes. After reading “Mainstreaming Benefits Autistic Students,” I agree with Long that enrolling autistic students in regular classes benefits them because it teaches them to engage with others, demonstrates that students are capable of excelling in academics, and brings awareness of autism to the community.
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