Static electricity was discovered in 600 B.C., but it was not until the mid 1700's when energy storage properties were discovered.
'With the discovery of the first Leyden jar, it was referred to as a condenser because electricity was thought of as a fluid which could condense. The Lehden jar is a glass partially filled with water that has a wire inserted through the top of an insulating stopper (cork). When the wire is charged by static electricity, it holds the charge until the wire comes into contact with a conductor which will discharge the glass.
It was roughly one hundred years later when Michael Faraday discovered a variable capacitor. He did this by measuring the varying capacitance of different dielectrics on capacitor.'(4) When the first aluminum capacitor was discovered, some thirty years after Faraday's work, the SI unit used measuring capacitance was named a farad (F) in his honor.
1F = 1 C / V
In words: one Farad is equal to one Coulomb per Volt
Since the farad is a large unit of capacitance, most capacitors have units of picofarads (pF) or nanofarads (nF). To this day only one type of capacitor has the ability to store enough energy to warrant measurements using a farad as the standard unit, and this is the super capacitor.
A capacitor consists of two conducting surfaces separated by an insulator (dielectric). The value of capacitance depends not only on the geometry of the capacitor, but the dielectric as well. (1)
"Since capacitance (C) of a capacitor is the ratio of the magnitude of the charge on either conductor to the magnitude of the potential difference (V) between them: " (1) :
When a DC voltage source is applied to the 10 mF capacitor shown to the left, a charge is stored on each side of the electrode. A mulitmeter is used to measure resistance, it is shown that when the capacitor is charging, current is moving and when the capacitor is fully charged, the current will stop flowing, because there is no change in electric potenial, so the resistance goes to zero. You can see that when the electodes are switched, the resistance again goes to zero when the capacitor is fully charged.
AC current is allowed to pass through the conductor continuously because it works similiar to the way the probes are switching, so the current is allowed continuos flow. The main function of a capacitor is for it to store energy and to act as a filter, passing current (AC) and blocking current (DC).
To test this theory Chemist Stanley Miller and Physicist Harold Urey did a famous experiment in 1950. Mixing Methane, Ammonia, Water, and Hydrogen. Then the sparked the mixture to signify lightning. The result was amino acids.
Discovered that certain chemicals glowed when exposed to cathode rays. These chemicals were special because they weren’t deflected by the magnetic field produced in the cathode ray tube (which was built by Sir William Crookes in 1870).
2-frequency:- as the frequwncy of the applied voltage increase, the dielectric strength will reduce. 3-the exisistence of humidity lead to decrese dielectric strength. 4-also the presence of surface defect like crack ,pore, decresing the dielectric strength.[53]
The top load of a Tesla Coil in the secondary LC tank circuit behaves as a capacitor.
Most people growing up have seen the iconic image of Franklin and his son holding the string of a kite while in a thunderstorm. This experiment allowed him to prove the electrical nature of lightening by trapping it in a jar. Another great invention of his was the lightening rod which would allow a building or structure to take a lightening strike and not burn to the ground. The theory behind this invention was to have a pointed metal rod pointed into the air and have a wire attached to it running to the ground. Doing this would allow the electricity from the lightening strike to follow the wire and safely into the ground. These rods are still being utilized today on all types of structures (Chaplin, 2007).
Static Electricity was first mentioned in 600B.C, and since then Electricity has been re-invented in so many different ways.
C = Q/V = κε0A/d, this equation is derived using the capacitance of two charged parallel plates and through κ = ε/ε0. In this equation C is the capacitance of the capacitor, κ is the dielectric constant of the insulating material, ε0 is the permittivity of free space, A is the area of the charged plate, and d is the dielectric thickness. This equation was rearranged to C = κε0A(1/d) as a linear line of y = mx + b, in which C = y, 1/d = x, and κε0A = slope(m).
A current is the flow of charge round a circuit, this can be in the
In ancient times, lightning was seen as a tool of the gods. In Viking legend, it was Thor’s hammer striking an anvil in the sky that was responsible for lightning. For the Greeks, it was Zeus who threw lightning down to the earth. North American Indian tribes thought that lightning was produced by a mystical bird with flashing feathers whose flapping caused thunder. Even now, hundreds of years after the first scientific work with lightning, people remain in awe of its power. In the 18th century, the first systematic scientific study of lightning was carried out by Benjamin Franklin. Before Franklin’s experiments, electrical science had grown to the point of separating positive and negative charges, and had developed primitive capacitors. The sparks produced in laboratories were noted as similar to lightning, but it was Franklin who designed an experiment to prove that lightning was electrical.
Michael Faraday was the man behind the discovery of electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic induction is the creation of an electric current by using a magnetic field. Faraday’s first experiment was set up by coiling to separate lengths of copper wire around a wooden block. The two coils had to be separated he did this with thread. One of the coils was connected to a galvanometer (an instrument used to detect small electrical currents), while the second coil was connected to a battery and switch. As Faraday closed the switch there was a small and brief change in the reading on the galvanometer. What this meant was that Faraday had seen a little and concise current that passed through the galvanometer circuit. Faraday observed the same affect in the galvanometer circuit when the battery circuit was turned off, except the change was in the opposite direction or negative of the first reading of the galvanometer.
(CITE) J. J. Thompson discovered the electron in 1897 while showing what cathode rays were composed of. (CITE) The first time that the electron was used for a unit of negative electricity was in the late 19th century by the English physicist G. J. Stoney.
I am writing this essay to explain to you what is going on in the circuit that was given to me. I will explain with the best of my knowledge so that you can fully understand what is happening in the circuit. The inductor and the wires are assumed as being ideal. The AC voltage source has an infinitely variable frequency (0≤f≤∞). The values of all the resistors, capacitor, and inductor are constant.
The Electric Franklin. "Benjamin Franklin's Inventions." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, 4 July 1995. Web. 23 May 2014.
In 1750, Benjamin Franklin wanted to prove that lightning was caused by electricity. He tested his theory with an experiment in which he flew a kite with a metal key attached to it into a storm cloud. The historical facts are not clear as to if he actually carried out the experiment, which is why there is doubt that he is the discoverer of electricity. But, we still credit him with the idea. He also did other experiments concerning electricity, but others after him would have to ...
Back to the 19th Century, hydropower was discovered. The first hydroelectric power plant was created in Niagara Falls in 1879. In the city of Niagara Falls, street lamps were the