Logging
Logging in america started out as a means to harvest wood for shipbuilding in the 1600’s for the british royal navy, and is considered one of the world’s most dangerous jobs. At first the major use of lumber was for ship building, but with the spring of the industrial revolution, demand increased. Towards the 20th century the midwest timber supply dwindled, so the pacific northwest came out on top as the center of the logging industry. When it started the men who cut timber were called “timber beasts”, they used hand saws and axes to complete their work. They would mostly cut trees down on river banks so it was easier to float it down, and it took less time.
Over time, methods and techniques have been re-invented. Loggers used to have to cut timber near a source of water so they could then easily use the water to transport the timber they had harvested. Soon enough the timber near the rivers had receded, so the loggers did the same. Once the loggers moved inland, they used horses and oxen to haul lumber, usually across terrain that wasn’t even half decent. Again an invention sprung up, the loggers created log flumes, which moved lumber through water filled troughs. Another concept was the log driving method, loggers banded logs together and pushed them down stream. Eventually they turned to making makeshift railroads, the mode of transportation was irrelevant, all the timber would end up in sorting yards, and once they were done there, they were sent on to saw mills. Loggers tools were axes and handsaws, today we use chainsaws and harvesting machines. The Loggers even created terms and vocabulary such as “faller” and “bucker”.
...
... middle of paper ...
...s now stronger than ever,and I believe that it will prosper in the future. As the one of the largest industries in the united state, it will hold power for a very long time. Lumber provides an opportunity to build, and building is hands on creative working, i work best when i work hands on and building with lumber allows me to do that so i am enthusiastic about it. I also strongly believe that it will give me skills that i will be able to use later on in life, such as hard work and discipline and the ability to quickly solve problems.
Works Cited
“logging history”
Sanders, Ed “logging history” 2001
Jesuit University/NASA-supported classroom of the future “Timber Industry”2004
Farmers began to cultivate vast areas of needed crops such as wheat, cotton, and even corn. Document D shows a picture of The Wheat Harvest in 1880, with men on earlier tractors and over 20-30 horses pulling the tractor along the long and wide fields of wheat. As farmers started to accumilate their goods, they needed to be able to transfer the goods across states, maybe from Illinios to Kansas, or Cheyenne to Ohmaha. Some farmers chose to use cattle trails to transport their goods. Document B demonstrates a good mapping of the major railroads in 1870 and 1890. Although cattle trails weren't used in 1890, this document shows the existent of several cattle trails leading into Chyenne, San Antonio, Kansas City and other towns nearby the named ones in 1870. So, farmers began to transport their goods by railroads, which were publically used in Germany by 1550 and migrated to the United States with the help of Colonel John Stevens in 1826. In 1890, railroads expanded not only from California, Nebraska, Utah, Wyoming and Nevada, but up along to Washington, Montana, Michigan, down to New Mexico and Arizona as well. Eastern States such as New Jersey, Tennesse, Virginia and many others were filled with existing railroads prior to 1870, as Colonel John Stevens started out his railroad revolutionzing movement in New Jersey in 1815.
Egan begins this story about the Big Burn of 1910 with the story of how the United States Forest Service came into existence. He says it came from a very odd partnership of two people: Teddy Roosevelt, and his chief forester, Gifford Pinchot. While they were very different they also shared many things in common. Both of them were born and raised by rich families in Manhattan. Much like Roos...
Logging is a huge industry in the Pacific Northwest for obvious reasons. The abundant, lush, forests are an ideal location for major logging companies to stake their claim. For many Pacific North westerners, and Americans in general, the logging industry is a major part of the economy. Many loggers have been raised and trained for their entire life to become loggers. Many loggers know no other skills to support themselves other than logging and the logging industry. There are many communities located in the Pacific Northwest that are supported fully by the logging industry. Without the logging of the old growth forests, their families and their livelihoods would be ruined.
...ugh, was the wood itself. When asked, the savages helped the men to harvest the wood. They even carried the logs to the ships during several journeys. The savages shoulders were all bruised and torn by the weight of the wood but they thought themselves fortunate “to do this service for the Christians, whom they love, cherish and honour” (pg. 31).
The laborers who sat idle during the fur trading off-season were of great concern to George Simpson, resident governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821. As he sat in his newly transferred building situated on the north bank of the Columbia River, he noticed the commanding view, in which he saw endless stands of thick timber. By order of Simpson, command of the new post, Fort Vancouver, was secured by one John McLoughlin and together, the two established the first Washington timber mill (Ficken 1987). The mill, which began operation in 1828, was charged with the responsibility of supplying timber up and down the southern coast of the United States and where ever markets were deemed profitable. This venture enabled the company to cover expenses throughout the remainder of the year and according to Simpson, “…yielded quite a handsome profit” (Ficken 1987).
New technology took off right away! Steamboats were invented in the early 1800's, but it took until the 1820's to make them a common site on U.S. rivers. In the 1840's their popularity kept rising as they continued to increase the amount of trade possible. The reaper, for farming, was also developed in 1831. This allowed more farming in the west on the prairies.
Chicago was a thriving city in the late 1800s. In fact, it was the lumber capital of the world. (2) Buildings, streets, and sidewalks were all made of wood taking advantage of Chicago’s abundance
depended on berries and hunting deer and antelope they had many ways that they could kill and
Roads, steamboats, canals, and railroads lowered the cost and shortened the time of travel. By making these improvements, products could be shipped into other areas for profit (Roark, 260). Steamboats set off a huge industry and by 1830, more than 700 steamboats were operating up and down the Ohio and Mississippi River (Roark, 261). Steamboats also had some flaws, due to the fact of deforesting the paths along the rivers. Wood was needed to refuel the power to the boat.
With the economic system, the south had a very hard time producing their main source “cotton and tobacco”. “Cotton became commercially significant in the 1790’s after the invention of a new cotton gin by Eli Whitney. (PG 314)” Let alone, if they had a hard time producing goods, the gains would be extremely unprofitable. While in the North, “In 1837, John Deere patented a strong, smooth steel plow that sliced through prairie soil so cleanly that farmers called it the “singing plow.” (PG 281).” Deere’s company became the leading source to saving time and energy for farming as it breaks much more ground to plant more crops. As well as mechanical reapers, which then could harvest twelve acres a day can double the corn and wheat. The North was becoming more advanced by the second. Many moved in the cities where they would work in factories, which contributed to the nation’s economic growth because factory workers actually produced twice as much of labor as agricultural workers. Steam engines would be a source of energy and while coal was cutting prices in half actually created more factories, railroads for transportation, and ships which also gave a rise in agricultural productivity.
Communication and transportation also enhanced during this period. Three main types of transportation that developed during the Industrial Revolution were waterways, roads and railroads. The cheapest way to carry iron and coal is transported on waterways. Businessman and merchants used big ships to carry cargos, and th...
Aberdeen and Hoquiam are two of the oldest logging, sawmilling, and paper-manufacturing towns in the Northwest. Paper-producing companies, like Weyerhaeuser, ITT Rayonier, and others, have their mills here. (Fodor's 139) Logging used to dominate Aberdeen. But business has been declining lately and "layoffs are turning Aberdeen into a ghost town." One of the biggest mills wh...
Before all of the new engines from Europe came to America, the railroad industry was very primitive. In fact the first railroad in America was only three miles long. It was basically a mining track from Quincy, Massachusetts to the Neponset River. The rails were made of pine covered by oak which was in turn covered by a flat iron bar. Construction of this railroad commenced in 1826 and was completed in 1827. The second railroad was started in January of 1827 and completed in May of the same year. The tracks were used for a coal operation. The tracks only went a short distance and worked by gravity and the force of mules.
In ancient marine times people built boats out of bamboo, bundles of reeds, air filled animal skins and more. One of the first boats was made out of sticks and put together with sewn hides. Also at the time then didn’t have oars invented yet so people would use their hands to make the boat move. And to move the rafts they would push poles against the bottom of the rivers or lakes. Then they came out with sails which would replace the action of the humans and sail boats could take on longer trips and heavier loads rather than just the boats make out of sticks. Then they came out with the Viking long ships, those would be about 30 meters long made out of overlapping planks of oak wood, held together by iron rivets. Each ship would carry about 60 oarsmen who rowed the ship. Next they came out with the Chinese junks which were constructed out of softwood and had a horse shaped stern. And their sails weren’t like most, instead of squares they were more built pointed on the top and squared at the bottom. Then they had the three and four masted sailing ships which were in service for several centuries and these wooden ships were used for battling. Then we came out with the clipper ships which were fast sailing ships with long slim hulls and tall masts. Next they came out with the steamships so instead of sails and oars to power it, it was combined with wind and wind power. Then they had the ocean going liners which were driven by a propeller and made of iron. And they came out with the steam driven boats which had paddles on the side of them. Next the sailing ships were converted to diesel power so that they would use oil instead of steam. ...
Even more importantly, industrial logging destroys the livelihoods of forest and forest-dependent peoples who, deprived of the resources they depend on, become poor. Contrary to the official discourse, logging does not lead to development; it results in impoverishment and social disintegration. Women are disproportionately affected by logging activities, which provide them with no employment opportunities while depleting the resources they traditionally use and manage.