The History of Mobile Technology Cell phone technology is based on radio technology. Most early cell phones could only be used in cars because of the enormous battery power requirement. They were also large, heavy, and bulky. For example, the first mobile phone designed by Ericsson in 1956 weighed 88 pounds! By 1967, mobile phone technology was available. However, the mobile phone would work in one cell phone calling area only. It stopped working once the user moved a certain distance away from the assigned calling area. In 1970, Amos Edward Joel, an engineer at Bell Labs, developed the call handoff system. This technology made it possible for a user to move from one calling area to another without dropping the call. On April 3,1973, Martin …show more content…
These had obvious improvements over the (1G) analog networks: improved sound quality, better security, and higher total capacity. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is one such digital network. It remains the network standard for much of the world. Most 2G phones were much smaller than the brick-like telephones of the 1980s. Advancements in batteries and computer chip technology made 2G cell phones much smaller and truly portable. The demand for data services to go with cell phones led to the development of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). GPRS allowed phones to seamlessly connect to the internet, but this technology wasn 't fast enough to be considered 3G. Phones that used GPRS technology were known as 2.5G phones. (Ziegler, 2011) Third Generation Cell Phones (3G) (2000s) Third generation technology is not exactly a standard. To be considered "3G," networks and cell phone providers must meet a set of requirements defined by the UN 's International Telecommunications Union (ITU). The IMT-2000 standard is an official list of specifications that a "true" 3G technology had to meet. The two main requirements of 3G: 2 Mbps of maximum data rate while stationary and 384 kbps for while mobile. (Ziegler, 2011) Unlike previous generations, 3G technology was designed to transmit data. Fourth Generation Phones …show more content…
Tablets have been around for decades. In 1972, Alan Kay, a researcher at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center came up with a design for a tablet called the Dynabook. He published a paper describing its specifications: 12 inches by 9 inches, with a keyboard, a stylus, and a graphics user interface (GUI). His vision was to develop a "personal computer for children of all ages." Children around the world would be able to use this dynamic book (Dynabook) to further their education. The Dynabook was never made because technology in the 1970s was not advanced enough. (Steele,
In 1990s, ground-based wireless phone service grew rapidly around the world. A key factor in the growth of wireless phones was the adoption of a single standard, known as GSM, in Europe and parts of Asia. There were 480 million cellular subscribers worldwide by January 2000 and it reached more than billions before 2005. The economy of scale that introduced will provide the extent of competitive pressure in the business environment. It helps to stimulate Iridium to consider price-performance tradeoff that offered by the substitutes and the need of product differentiation alternatives in advance.
I must admit that I have been succumbing to this plague that has everyone staring down instead of looking ahead. The cell phone was invented in 1973 as a mode of contact for convenience by John Mitchell and Martin Cooper of the Motorola Corporation. At
invented. To take out the handset or telephone, all you have to do is to unplug
G in 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G stands for the “Generation” of the mobile network. Today, mobile operators have started offering 4G services a higher number before the ‘G’ means more power to send out and receive more information and therefore the ability to achieve a higher efficiency through the wireless network. During the time of 1G, radio signals were transmitted in ‘Analogue’ form. 2G networks on the other hand, were based on narrow band digital networks. The 3rd generation of mobile networks has become popular and users access the Internet over devices like mobiles and tablets. This means a 3G network actually allows for more data transmission and therefore the network enables voice and video calling, file transmission, internet surfing, online TV, view high definition videos, play games and much more. 4th Generation mobile networks are believed to provide many value added features.
This first handheld cell phone weighed 2.4 pounds and was 9 x 5 x 1.75 inches in size. For reference, the iPhone 6 is 5.44 x 2.64 x 0.27 inches and weighs just 129 grams (0.28 pounds). The first handheld cell phone also had only 20 minutes of battery life when talking. Once the phone battery was drained, it took approximately 10 hours to charge back up fully. As phones change, society changes along with it because people rely on their phones for everything. As phones develop people develop with them. And People have evolved to have everything they need right in their pockets.
The Social Construction of Technology (or SCOT) is a new research tradition rooted in the sociology of technology. SCOT provides a multi-directional model based on the property of interpretative flexibility, and emphasizes on social influences on the technology design and development. This paper will apply SCOT principles to explore the development of cell phone, define the development of cell phone into three different stages historically, and analyze the interpretative flexibility of the cell phone accordingly in the three different stages. Based on SCOT theory, this paper will discuss how the original huge cell phones are shaped and developed by social influences to the smartphones in today’s life.
Cell phone manufacturers and service providers are at the core of the cell phone industry. These corporations are integral from their research and development endeavors to interactions with the consumer and the marketing of new products. The companies that control such factors of cellular phones are very numerous, so it is difficult to address all the cell phone manufacturers and service providers. However, we have focused largely on only the most significant cellular companies namely in the U.S. marketplace, although many have global ties. Collectively, companies around the world have the same goals in mind – to create desirable cutting-edge technology and to increase consumer satisfaction with hopes of generating sales, and thus profits.
Radio Telephone technology started in 1977 when Motorola, American Radio Telephone, and AT&T were licensed by the FCC to develop a high capacity radio telephone system for shortwave radio bands. In 1978 AT&T began the first radio telephone system test operations in Chicago. The Japenese inaugurated the first commercial cellular telephone system in Tokyo in 1979. In the United States, the Federal Communications commission authorized commercial cell phones in 1982 and the first system was set up by Ameritech in Chicago the following year. AT&T and Motorola followed in 1984 with their own systems in New York and Washington D.C.. The amount of customers and potential customers rapidly expanded and by 1990 there were systems in place, or close to being completed in every market in the United States. As the graph shows the early 1990's gave way to an exponential growth in ownership of cell phones especially as the new digital lighter weight phones became available in 1992.
3G, as one may assume, is the third generation of wireless technology for devices. The initial two mobile technologies were analog cell phones (1G) and digital phones (2G). 3G protocols required a user to be able to utilize data and voice simultaneously, providing transmission speeds of 200 kilobytes3. The latest breakthrough in wireless technology is 4G, which increases a users transmission capacity greatly, introducing functions such as video streaming, voice over Internet protocol (VOIP) and faster transmission of Internet applications among the upgrades over the previous refresh. It has since been adopted as the preferred method of cellular phone communications service due to the theory that 4G wireless is anywhere from four to ten times faster than a comparable 3G network.
In 1921 the Detroit Michigan Police Department first used mobile radio in a vehicle. Digital wireless and cellular roots started in the 1940s. In the 1940s new frequencies between 30 and 40 MHz were available. There was an increase of availability in channels which police systems were encouraged to use. Mobile units were available within private companies, individuals, and public agencies. In St. Louis, 1945 the first mobile telephone system in the US was introduced. Along the highway between New York and Boston a Public mobile system carried greater frequency distance in 1947. In 1n 1949, the FFC authorized separate radio channels to common carriers. A new system was developed with automatic channel selection in 1964. With this new system each call allowed customers to dial for themselves and it eliminated the need to push-to-talk operation. In 1975, in Chicago, AT&T was authorized to develop a cellular system. After this AT&T and Bell labs work with other cellular vendors to develop their cellular phones. Their phones were made so consumers would have the quality products available to use on cellular networks. There are many reasons why the mobile wireless has not progressed further in the last 60 years, this is because of cautiousness and federal regulation. The Federal Communications Commission controlled frequency availability. Their regulations and unresponsiveness had the most significant factors hindering radiotelephone development. The Federal Communication Commission delayed the technology in America by ten years.
Many of the early cell phones were considered “car phones” because they were extremely bulky and too big to fit into one's pocket. The first mobile phone due to its smaller size would still be considered overly large in today’s world. It was called the Motorola DynaTAC 8000x and arrived on the market in 1983. “You always have the trendsetters who are not afraid of trying new things and then everyone else follows. They were primarily used in the sales and business world, but not often for personal use like you see today” ("Ai InSite"). As technology advanced, companies invented new ways to pack all their customer’s desired features into smaller, portable, and more affordable models. Companies started with a cell phone size as big as a computer and have now created small enough devices to keep in a pocket. They have created bigger screens, built-in cameras, phones with less buttons, and many have touch screens now days. The shape of cell phones have drastically changed over the years.
In a fast-moving industry, it is important to find out what clients prefer today, but 3G must also research their future requirements. It must also frequently research new technologies in this way it will stay at the forefront of the field and retain market leadership. 3G is a developing technology and the greatest benefits are likely to come in the next couple of years.
In the 1980s, first generation (1G) cell phones consisted of voice-only analog devices with limited range and features that were sold mainly in North America. In the 1990s, second generation (2G) devices consisted of voice/data digital cell phones with higher data transfer rates, expanded range, and more features. Sales of these devices expanded to Europe and Asia. In the twenty-first century, Nokia and other companies are combining several digital technologies into third generation (3G) communication devices that reach globally and feature the convergence of the cell phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), Internet services, and multimedia applications.
When phones became available to the public they were not considered to be mobile in today’s sense of the word. They were available to have installed in an automobile, they were big and bulky, and they needed and consumed a lot of power to use. The phone networks would only support a few simultaneous conversations. Cell phones since then have made vast improvements in their efficiency, abilities, and size. The first handheld mobile phone wasn’t produce until 1973. The origin...
Discovering of cell phones has been one of the huge innovative headway lately, while the landline was an intelligent tool to communicate with the other people. People use phones to make them close from each other. With time, phones have changed dramatically. Nowadays, people are using the new era for phones, which is called smart phone. Probably most of the people are using smartphone lately, instead of older cell phones for many advantages.