Historical Context
The historical context of humanistic originated in the Middle Ages where the philosophy if human is was developed. Achievement of self-realization was a choice for individuals through rational thought and reasoning was considered the belief of philosophy. This movement initiated in the 15th century in Europe with individuals that lacked an opened mind which were religious dogma scholars of the church and philosophers (Schultz & Schultz, 2011). In the mid-1950s modern humanistic psychology emerged, due to the response of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Unlike other schools of thought humanistic focused on individuals as wholes, which are more significantly comprehended in their environment.
Determinism was the emphasis
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He was considered one of the most influential therapist of the 20th century. Carl Rogers was considered a humble, caring respectful individual who identified value in all people. He was often defined as fully functioning person and the theory he represents and identifies. The healthy development of individuals is how they perceived themselves. He theorized that congruence is when a healthy individual is able to sense who they are (self) and who they want to be (ideal self). Rogers also elaborates that individuals will not be at “perfect” congruence through all periods of live, but the degree of congruence is utilized as an indicator of health (Rogers, 1961. Researchers utilized self-assessment technique defined as Q-Sort which is used to measure …show more content…
The basis of his therapy were:” (1) two person are in emotional contact, (2) one of them called the client; is troubled,(3) the therapist show genuineness and congruence in the relationship, (4) the therapist experience and displays unconditional positive regard for the client, (5) the therapist achieves and expresses and empathic understanding of the client, (6)the client perceives the genuineness, positive regards and empathy of the therapist” (Moss, 1998, Rogers, 1961). Rogers believed if this conditions were created the client will be able to establish self-actualize in his/her self-defined path. (Moss, 1998)
Rogers’s second fundamental belief was theory of conditions for healthy growth, where the role of therapist is considered fundamental with coordinating the healthy growth (Rogers, 1961). Person- centered therapy was a process Roger’s defined as therapist provide openness, empathy and unconditional positive regard. Rogers considered this to non-directive therapy due to therapist “mirror” the clients thought s and feelings (Rogers,
...tive regard. On the other hand, Person-Centered Therapy is suitable for most anyone who is open to the client-centered methods of treatment. Carl Rogers was a humanistic individual who believed everyone should be seen as equal; therefore this type of treatment could be used for males or females, heterosexuals or homosexuals, and individuals from all cultural backgrounds.
Proposed by Carl Rogers, person-centered therapy is a humanistic approach that sole focus is on the client, with the center of therapeutic change being on the clients’ world (Halbur & Halbur, 2015). “Carl Rogers proposed that therapy could be simpler, warmer, and more optimistic than that carried out by behavioral or psychodynamic psychologist” (McLeod, 2015, para. 1). Rogers view was that therapeutic change could occur if only a few conditions were met, with emphasis having been placed on the therapist understanding and caring for the client; instead of focusing on diagnosis, advice, and persuasion. The core components towards human behavior with the person-centered approach being that of genuineness, acceptance, and empathy (Sharf, 2016).
This approach emphasizes the importance of the potential of humans and sought to make up for the missing component of conscious in the psychodynamic approach. The humanistic approach oriented psychologist has the belief that human behavior is guided by intent and the individual’s set of values (Association, 2014). Those who subscribe to this orientation believe there are both an unconscious and a conscious element to determining behavior. The unconscious element is considered to be the individual’s application of learned norms and experience, while the conscious element is applied by making deliberate choices and decisions. A humanistic oriented practitioner will use differing types of therapy such as client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, or existential therapy (American Psychological, 2015). Client-centered therapy or person-centered therapy was developed by Carl Rogers and places the client as the leader of the therapy. This approach allows for the growth and better understanding of self within the individual, as they solve their own problems, while the therapist is there to provide empathetic support (Australian, 2010). Gestalt therapy focuses on the responsibility of the individual for their current situation and considers relationships, environment, and social experiences occurring, and influencing behavior (Polster & Polster, 2010). This process consists of the practitioner acting as a guide and offer advise in helping the client to deal with their current issue. Existential therapy consists of allowing an individual the ability to live with their issues within their own existence (Price, 2011). This means a therapist uses this type of therapy to assist clients with understanding what the present problem is and learning to deal with the consequences of that issue in their every day life. With
As this book points out, and what I found interesting, the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client, can be even more important than how the therapy sessions are conducted. A therapists needs to be congruent. This is important because a client needs a sense of stability. To know what is expected from him or her while being in this transitional period of change. In some cases this congruency may be the only stability in his life, and without it, there is no way of him trusting in his t...
Rogers, C. R. (1961). A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy. On Becoming a Person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
The humanistic theory of psychology is the successor to both behavioristic and psychoanalytic approaches. Primarily, it refutes the practice of analyzing quantitative data in the study of human behavior with an approach focused on the qualitative aspects of that research.
In the second part of the book Rogers speaks of his ideas of his theory of the person-centered approach to therapy. This is the part of the book that I felt really spoke to me. Person-centered theory is a lot of what I would like to do. I enjoy the ideas and concepts that Rogers presents in his theory. I think that it is extremely important to be able to take into consideration not only the diagnosis of the patient/client with whom you are working, but that it is more important to be able to take the time to sit back and to listen to them. I have realized in the year that I have been working in the psychiatric hospital how important it is for the patient/client to just sit back and listen to what it is they're saying to you. This however does not mean I am only hearing their words, but that I am listening at a much deeper level and actually he...
As the field of counseling continues to progress numerous theoretical orientations have been developed. One theoretical approach to counseling has been coined as person centered counseling or client centered therapy. This type of approach is commonly referred to as Rogerian psychotherapy. Rogerian therapy focuses on the empowerment of individuals with the inner self. These constructs are vital to ensuring and promoting a transparent and honest atmosphere which subsequently results in effective counseling. The behaviors that are found in client centered counseling are valuable as they motivate the client to explore their "hidden feelings" and become aware of where their feelings derive from. Being afforded the rare opportunity to see Rogers
I want to explore Client/Person Centered Therapy. This is a type of therapy that was pioneered by Carl Rogers. This therapy is different because as the name suggests it solely focuses on the client. 'In focusing on the client, the client’s feelings are deeply explored. The assumption is however, that the client was never able to have their feelings heard by the people surrounding them. Person Centered Therapy would allow the client to then be able to express their feelings openly. According to Strupp (1971), “psychotherapeutic relationship is in principle indistinguishable from any good human relationship in which a person feels fully accepted, respected, and prized” (p. 39). Thus, there must be a therapeutic alliance between therapist and client. This therapeutic alliance should creative an environment for the client in which the client feels the therapist is judgment-free. I find that Roger's theory to be interesting and seemingly affective. It makes sense that a change in a clients negative relationship patterns would allow freedom for the client to express themselves emotionally.
Person-Centred Counselling established its origins in the late 1940 during a conference when Carl Rogers gave a talk entitled ‘New Concepts in Psychotherapy’. The summarisation of the talk resulted in the theory that the client in a counselling relationship should be at the center of the relationship and lead the counselling process. The Client, in effect became the expert on their life and/or problems. The fundamental belief is that an individual is capable of change, growth and fulfillment (self-concept). Person-Centred counselling looks at ‘the here and now’ and how to make changes that affect the future. Person-Centred Counselling generated a system known as the ‘Core Conditions Model’ which emphasized three key components: Empathy, Congruence and Acceptance.
Humanistic believe that we are all born with an innate drive to reach our potential as good, contributing persons to our society (contributing in whatever way suits our own strengths).
As one of the founding fathers of humanism, Carl Rogers was very interested in an approach to psychology that had to do with the thoughts and feelings of clients (notice that the word patient is sparsely used). His feelings on resourceful therapy were always centered around the client and how they wanted the therapy to affect their life. In humanistic psychology, the main focus is allowing the client to decide how the therapy would direct them on their own life. Carl Rogers, as with many other humanistic psychologists, believe in keeping the values and morals of the clients in tact. They do not judge their clients, and they try to stay as positive as possible in their therapy sessions with the clientele.
...entation, or several, in which they choose to practice in their professional career. Psychoanalysis and Person-Centered Therapy are just two, out of over four hundred types, of counseling approaches in use today. The constructs and theories are extremely different, however, neither can be considered right nor wrong. They are simply based on different beliefs, assumptions and viewpoints of human development and their behavior. Although, however different and unique, there are still similarities between the two types of therapy approaches. Through case examples, such as the case of D and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, the techniques and outcomes of different treatment approaches can be see in real life examples. Past research and writing support brings about contradictions, criticism and treatment outcomes to the theories and those who developed them.
Carl Rogers was a founder of this movement that emphasizes personal growth, and he suggested that the personality only contains one paradigm- the self-concept. The self-concept is a collection of beliefs about one’s nature, qualities unique to them, and their typical behavior. If a person’s self-concept matched reality, then they are considered congruent. If they do not match reality, then they are considered incongruent, and this has an effect on the person’s well being. Rogers believed that a parent’s unconditional love for their child could help foster congruence in that person. (Weiten, Dunn, & Hammer, 2012) He based these humanistic theories off of the interactions that he had with his clients, as he observed them during their sessions. His theories help to explain a person’s defensive behavior among other things, but most importantly, he stressed that psychological health is extremely important. (Weiten, Dunn, & Hammer,
During therapy the importance of subjective experiences, the existence of the ability of personal growth and the importance of goal-directed meanings in life are emphasised (Frankl, 1959). Furthermore, the importance of the proper circumstances for the growth of self-concept (Rogers, 1959), the necessity of self-actualization and recognition of one's potential, accentuation of joy as part of life and authenticity are stimulated (Cave, 1999). The client is motivated to make one's own decisions without the intervention of the therapy leader. Focus is placed on present rather than on past and the therapist is more like an active listener. Roger's therapy was argued (Truax, 1996) that it is a simple form of behaviour therapy as it is using positive reinforcement. The humanistic therapy also incorporates other used techniques, such the already discussed Roger's person-centered therapy, Berne's (1964) transactional analysis, Perl's (1969) gestalt therapy, conjoint therapy, milieu therapy (Jones, 1953). These approaches are most useful with specific individuals, not with patients with particular disorders. Patients do acquire benefits from humanistic therapy approaches, however difficulty arises from the point of view whether science can adequately measure what the therapist finds meaningful about the changes they perceive during therapy (Yalom, 1980). The