Herpes simplex virus infection in the neonate is a rare occurrence, but has serious consequences even with treatment of antiviral drugs (Malm, 2009). Herpes virus is transmitted from the mother to child most often through the birthing process as the neonate passes through an infected birth canal, although in utero and postnatal infections occur occasionally (Lawrence & Wald, 2009). According to many grouped studies, fifty percent of infants born vaginally to women experiencing their first infection contracted herpes virus compared to one percent of infants born vaginally to women experiencing a recurrent infection (Baker, 2005). It is important to raise awareness of neonatal herpes simplex virus disease resulting in earlier diagnosis and more rapid administration of antiviral therapy and treatment (Lawrence & Wald, 2009).
Herpes simplex virus is a recurring incurable viral disease. It is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010). There are two types of herpes simplex virus: HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 is primarily spread through salivary and respiratory contact, while HSV-2 is by genital contact (Malm, 2009). Herpes virus infection in the neonate is mainly caused by HSV-2, although genital herpes infection by HSV-1 is becoming more prevalent (Malm, 2009). Neonatal HSV is acquired in one of three ways: intrauterine, perinatal, and postpartum (Lawrence & Wald, 2009).
“The five factors known to influence transmission of HSV from mother to neonate are type of maternal infection (primary versus recurrent), maternal antibody status, duration of rupture of membranes, integrity of mucocutaneous barriers (e.g. use of scalp electrodes), and mode of delivery (cesarean versus vagi...
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Bell’s palsy is a paralysis or weakness of the muscles on one side of your face. It results from damage to the nerve that controls movement of the muscles in the face, the damage may also affect your sense of taste and how you make tears and saliva. This condition can come on, often overnight and usually gets better on its own within a few weeks. This is not a result of a stroke or transient ischemic attack. This is referred to as a (TIA). Palsy simply means weakness or paralysis,
and ears, and in the mouth and pharynx. The causative virus has been shown to be
HSV-1 is spread through saliva and direct contact, such as kissing, sharing eating utensils, sharing drinks or sharing personal items. Children often contract the virus from kissing their parents and coming in contact with other children. HSV-2 is spread through sexual intercourse. HSV must be transported through bodily fluids (saliva, pus, semen, vaginal fluid) to infect cells.3 The virus is transmitted through the mucosal linings of the body or through an open wound and has an incubation period of 2-12 days.4
HAV is known to be an infectious disease that usually occurs in children and young adults .The disease is usually transmitted from person to person through contaminated food, liquids or oral fecal route. An example would be when someone is carrying the virus and doesn’t wash their hands after using the restroom and then puts food in their mouth. HAV is most common in developing countries because of the living conditions and inadequate water, poor sewage facilities and sanitary conditions. The highest HAV levels in the world are from India,” Earlier reports suggest that India is hyperendemic for HAV infection2,4-6 with very high infection rates,” (Sowmyanarayanan). Most HAV are without severe complications, “Virus HAV infection rarely causes fulminant hepatic failure in people…,” (Vento,p.1) . The symptoms for HAV are high fever, nausea, vomiting and jaundice...
The HSV moves and passes through body fluids such as saliva, semen and fluid in the genital tract of females or fluid from the herpes sore present. This virus can be transmitted through the skin or mucus membranes of an uninfected individual through the genital area or the mouth. ‘Once the virus has contact with the skin or the membrane mucous, it then replicates transporting itself to the nerve cells’ (Harvey, S, 2014,). The disadvantage of the HSV-2, it has no symptoms, so an individual can be affected without knowing they have the virus.
Pathogens are a type of microorganism that spreads viral and bacterial diseases. These diseases when present in human blood and body fluids are known as blood borne pathogens, and can spread from one person to another. (Worcester polytechnic institute) The most serious types of blood borne diseases are the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which can cause liver damage; and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), which is responsible for causing AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). The blood borne pathogens can be spread when the blood or body fluids (semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, and amniotic fluid) of an infected individual comes into contact with mucous membranes or an open sore or cut on the skin of another person. Mucus membranes are located in the eyes, nose, mouth, and other areas as well. ("Bloodborne pathogens: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia") Two of the most common ways that pathogens are transmitted is through the exchange of fluids during sexual intercourse or by sharing infected IV needles. (Worcester polytechnic institute)
If my friend came to me with this kind of problem for advise the first thing I would do as a student going into the health care feild, is to educate him of type 2 herpes virus and how he got it. To fully understand type 2 herpes, he will first need to understand what type 1 herpes is. Type 1 herpes is transmitted through oral secrections or getting in contact with the skin of someone who has it. It can cause sore and fever blisters around the mouth and lips. Type 1 herpes is also known as oral herpes. Type 2 herpes on the other hand cause sores around the genital areas and below the waist. it is contracted and transimitted during sex, so it means that my friend either got it from his fanciec or he got it from a previous relationship, worse case seneriol one of them cheated or is cheating on the other.
Young adolescents do not understand that genital herpes is highly contagious and can be passed without them knowing. There are two types of herpes viruses: “type-1 which usually causes cold sores on the lips and mouth, and type-2 which usually causes genital herpes (Wee 2).
Herpes occurs in two types, the non-genital herpes simplex 1 (HSV1) and herpes simplex 2 (HSV2). Both the strains are severely contagious and can be transmitted by means of lovemaking exposure or orally even when there are no hints of the condition. The herpes virus is not curable, but treatable. Recognizing herpes simplex virus earlier is key point to prevent transmitting the infection. There are some kind of simple ways you can learn the signs and symptoms of a herpes virus infection in yourself and in other people.
This case reveals how many people are infected with the herpes simplex virus without knowing it, and how it can affect you in unusual ways. If the patient had been aware she was infected, if she had had a prior outbreak, perhaps the doctors may have been able to resolve her condition much sooner. But herpes simplex can be a “silent” virus, invading your body with no symptoms until low immunity, hormonal changes or stress activate the virus and cause symptoms. Unfortunately, doctors do not think to test for the herpes virus for this syndrome unless the patient has an active outbreak or history of herpes.
HSV 1 is passed from one person to another through oral secretions or sores in or around the mouth. It is said you can also transmit the virus by sharing objects which have been in contact with the virus, such as eating utensils, razors, lipstick, etc. but the virus dies very quickly outside of the body. So, unless the person has an active, open sore then it is not as common.
It is most often caused by Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) which is the same virus that causes common cold sores, though it can be caused by HSV – 2, which is the same virus that presents as genital herpes. Herpes encephalitis is the most common cause of sporadic fatal encephalitis worldwide. In nearly all cases of herpes encephalitis beyond the neonatal period, the etiologic agent is herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). In neonates, herpes encephalitis may be caused by either HSV-1 or HSV-2. Immediate CNS invasion via the trigeminal nerve or olfactory tract following an episode of primary HSV-1 of the oropharynx; most patients with primary infection are younger than 18 years of age. CNS invasion after an episode of recurrent HSV-1 infection, which is believed to represent viral reactivation with subsequent spread
While most adults may scape the Hepatitis B virus without becoming chronically infected however, most infants do not. Many people with this disease got infected as infants or young children. Therefore, hepatitis B can be passed prenatally or from an infected mother to her baby at the time of birth. In addition, childhood infection is common with the high possibility of blood exposure from another child as well as from a family member who they live in close contact. Also, from blood exposure or direct contact to an infected person’s blood such as wound-to-wound contact, blood transfusions, and other methods that involves any contact with a contaminated blood would also spread the transmission. Another way to contract the disease is through unprotected sex. An appropriate antiviral therapy would control the virus, but chronic infection lasts for a lifetime. In the United States, hepatitis B infections result in thousands of dea...
Herpesviruses are not only been present in humans, they are most often found in commonly studied animals which implicatively insinuates the amount of ...
...lomavirus (HPV), pelvic inflammatory disease, syphilis, trichomoniasis, vaginal infections, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including recent facts about prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention : along with tips on discussing and living with STDs, updates on current research and vaccines, a glossary of related terms, and resources for additional help and information (4th ed.). Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics.