Hemo, meaning “blood”, and philia, meaning “love”, make up the word hemophilia, but hemophilia isn’t the love of blood, so what is it? Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder which causes the affected person to bleed more than a person without hemophilia would. When a child with hemophilia falls off his bike and cuts his knee, the blood takes longer to clot at the sight of the cut than it would for a child without hemophilia. Hemophilia also causes joint damage because the built up blood of a bleed inside the body erodes joints. Out of the two types of hemophilia: hemophilia A, which is factor VIII deficiency, and hemophilia B, factor IX deficiency, hemophilia A is more common with 80 percent of cases being this type (Dowshen). Yet what causes this bleeding disorder? How does someone get it? How can it be treated? Since the discovery of the cause of hemophilia in the 20th century, many hemophilia patients have been helped because treatments for this disorder have been developed, inhibitors have been discovered, and treatments for inhibitors have been created.
What Causes Hemophilia?
Hemophilia is the result of having factor VIII or factor IX deficiency. Factor VIII and IX are two types of clotting factor which help the body stop a bleed. The KidsHealth article “Hemophilia” explains that when a child falls and scrapes his knee, “platelets go to where the bleeding is and plug up the hole.” These platelets release chemicals that attract proteins called clotting factors to “form fibers [that] make the clot stronger and stop the bleeding.” However, a child with hemophilia is missing one of his twelve clotting factors, which are labeled with roman numerals I through XII, and the clotting factor he does have cannot form strong enough fibe...
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...nt for inhibitors, over the past century or so have improved the treatment of hemophilia and have helped saved many lives.
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In Blood In Blood Out is a drama directed by Taylor Hackford, and starring Damian Chapa (Miklo), Benjamin Bratt (Paco), and Jesse Borrego (Cruz), produced by Hollywood Pictures. The film was based off everyday life in East Los Angeles, from the 1970’s through the 1980’s. Damian Chapa stars as Miklo in the film, a Mexican-American who wanted to be accepted, not by his skin but for the Mexican within him. Benjamin Bratt (Paco) was the older cousin of Miklo, who learned his lesson throughout the movie and changed his ways. Jesse Borrego (Cruz) is the step-brother of Paco who was a talent artist, who ended up turning to drugs because of back problems caused by a rival gang incident.
...res or treatments. It just goes to show how important HeLa cells have been to medicine and researches.
Thrombocytopenia affects 6% to 10% of all pregnant women and, other than anemia, is the most common hematologic disorder in pregnancy (McCrae, 2010). The blood consists of three main ingredients: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Each plays an essential function to provide the human body with elements and protects the body against any exterior viral and infection. Platelets are responsible to help blood to clot. The deficiency or disorder of platelets lead to disease called Thrombocytopenia. This issue is diagnosed when platelets are less than 150,000 platelets per microliter of blood (Erkurt, et. al, 2012).
• Hemolytic disease of the newborn. Hemolytic disease happens when a mother 's disease fighting system (immune system) attacks her baby 's red blood cells. Proteins (antibodies) in the mother’s blood destroy the baby 's red blood cells. Two conditions can cause hemolytic disease:
Amgen's first product, Epogen was approved in June 1989 for use in the United States. Neupogen (filgrastim) Amgen's second product, received approval for use in February 1991, is used for preventing infections in cancer patients that receive chemotherapy for bone marrow and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation patients and treatment for chronic neutropenia, which is a rare blood disorder. Amgen has research in the areas of hematopoiesis, neurobiology, inflammation/autoimmunity, and soft tissue repair and regeneration. Products from the research, in the four areas mentioned from above, may, sometime in the future, be used in treating conditions characterized by disorders of blood and bone marrow, neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, or traumatic nerve injury.
In some individuals with severe hemophilia, the factor VIII replacement therapy is identified as a foreign substance by their immune system. If this happens, their immune system will make antibodies against factor VIII. These antibodies will inhibit the ability of the factor to work in the clotting process. The higher the antibody or inhibitor level, the more factor VIII replacement therapy it takes to overcome the inhibition and produce clotting. This can complicate the treatment of a bleed. The good news is that there are different types of therapies available to successfully treat most individuals who develop inhibitors.
Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder that slows the blood clotting process, which is not normal. Some people with Hemophilia may just have a little bit of “clotting factor” or no clotting factor at all (National Institute of Health [NIH], 2013). Clotting factor is a protein in blood that controls bleeding and they are needed the blood to clot normally. In order to help the blood clot, clotting factors work with “platelets” (National Institute of Health [NIH], 2013). Platelets are small blood cell fragments that form in the bone marrow, a tissue in the bones that is similar to a sponge. The functions of platelets have a very important role in blood clotting; the role of a platelet is to stick together (by the help of clotting factors) to block cuts, break on the carriers of blood (veins or arteries) throughout the body, and stop the bleeding when “blood vessels” (National Institutes of Health [NIH], 2013) are injured. Blood vessels are tube like structures carrying blood through the tissues and organs, like a vein, artery, or capillary. People with hemophilia do not have enough “clotting factor VIII or IX” (World Federation of Hemophilia [WFH], 2013) in their blood, which results to prolonged bleeding or oozing, meaning that bleeding can last longer (though, not faster) than usual after surgeries, accidents, or having teeth pulled out at the dentist. Clotting factor VIII, which can also be called as “anti-hemophilic factor” (AHF, for short) (Patient.co.uk, 2011), is a blood clotting protein that is necessary for humans to have. Clotting Factor IX is a protein that i...
Hemophillia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. Hemophillia is usually inherited and people born with it have little or no clotting factor (a protein needed for normal blood clotting). These proteins work together with platelets to help the blood clot. When blood vessels are injured, clotting factors help platelets stick together to plug cuts and breaks on the vessels. Hemophillia usually occurs in males with about 1 in every 5 000 males being born with the disease each year. A hemophiliac does not bleed more intensely than a person without it but can bleed for a much longer time. In some severe cases, continuous bleeding occurs after minor trauma or can even happen spontaneously.They may also bleed inside their body(internally), especially in the knees, ankles, and elbows. The bleeding can damage organs and tissues and may be life threatening. There are two main types of hemophilia: A and B. People born with type A are missing or have low levels of clotting factor VIII (1 in 5 000 males). People born with type B are missing or have low levels of clotting factor IX (1 in 20 000 males). About 8 out of 10 people who have hemophillia have type A. The greatest concern for both types is deep internal bleeding and bleeding into joints. Hemophilia is a life long disease, but with proper treatment and self-care, most people maintain an active productive lifestyle.
Tsar Nicholas II and his Tsarina, Empress Alexandra, had only one son, Tsarevich Alexei. However, Alexei had inherited from his great-grandmother Queen Victoria the life-threatening genetic disease hemophilia B, a sex-linked genetic disease on the X chromosome that caused a condition of deficiency in blood-clotting and excessive bleeding, symptoms that usually remain hidden unless contracted by a male (Fuhrmann 37; King 28). To Nicholas II, it was imperative that he have a son to succeed him to secure the throne. Alexei was Nicholas’s sole male heir, giving Nicholas the incentive to protect his son at all costs. Without a scientific cure for the genetic disease, Alexandra turned to religion, namely Grigori Rasputin, a poor uneducated Siberian peasant to protect her son.
The changes in f8 and f9 gene are responsible for hemophilia A and B. the f8 gene codes for a protein called coagulation 8. This protein is responsible for the blood clotting process. After an injury blood clots protect the body by sealing off the area of injury. Mutation in the f8 and f9 gene can lead to the abnormal form of the protein. Also can lead to a reduction of the coagulation pro...
Ostrove, N. M. (2004). Statement of Nancy M. Ostrove, Ph.D., Deputy Director, Division of Drug.
The interest in studying Rhesus disease stems from an aspiration to understand blood and its’ components at a cellular level. In order to recognize what factors lead to this disease and what components of the cell can be used as indicators/markers to diagnose it, one must have a general idea of the concepts involved in cellular processes. This paper will focus on the causes of hemolytic disease, including natural and/or surgical & medicinal occurrences that cause isoimmunization; how antigens and antibodies are involved, and the effectiveness of Rh immunoglobulin will also be considered.
Many people throughout the world visit the United States every year to receive medical treatment. This is due to our excellent pharmaceutical industry as it spends million of dollars and many hours of research to come up with what we can only describe as “miracle” drugs and treatments. Part of the success of many of these medications is because the pharmaceutical industry is highly regulated by policies that protect the public from accessing drugs that have not been fully tested and found to be “safe”. However, this was not the case until the late 1990s and early 2000s. One time in history that highly influenced the strict regulations we currently have was the nationwide contamination of patients through blood transfusion or by consuming medications
I can see a crack of light coming from under the bathroom door. I keep hearing a strange sound, almost like a hurt puppy. As I walk closer, I see a dark puddle on the floor. Suddenly, I am very afraid. I slowly open the door. “Mommy, Mommy, are you ok?” My mother looked at me and cried, “Dial 911, Darling! Hurry, Honey, Hurry!” There is so much blood—on the floor, on her clothes, and on her hands. I can hear the sirens now. Mommy goes for a ride in the ambulance. My three day old baby brother and I have to stay with the neighbor until Daddy comes and picks us up. What happened to my mother?
I will be investigating Human Blood as my specific tissue and giving an overview on the location, characteristics, and the benefits it has to the human body. Blood is extracellular matrix that is consists of plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells. Blood is located within the capillaries/veins/arteries of the human body, which are blood vessels that run through the entire body. These blood vessels allow the blood to flow smoothly and quickly from the heart to distinct parts of the human body. The unique parts of human blood all work together for a purpose: the Red Blood Cells(erythrocytes) transports oxygen throughout the body, White Blood Cells(leukocytes) play a part in the bodies immune system, Platelets(thrombocytes) assist in creating scabs,