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Well-being is slowly being recognized as a subjective concept. While others may view an individual’s situation as less than ideal, that person may still be perfectly satisfied with their situation. Taking this into account, researchers focusing on subjective well-being realize that any circumstance may be interpreted differently, depending upon one’s own goals and current life stage (Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology, 2004). Goals and life stages are interwoven in that the current position one stands will have a dramatic effect on current or upcoming goals and aspirations. Happiness has been linked to having purpose and goals in life, along with healthy social relationships, feelings of security, and a lack of major stressors (Diener & Tov, 2012). These factors were found to be among some of the most important in subjective well-being across different countries and are closely aligned with what one may see on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model. The stages in this model may be paralleled with the factors influencing the biopsychosocial model, which incorporates the impact of biology, one’s psychological frame of mind, and the social surroundings. Both Maslow’s hierarchical needs model and the biopsychosocial model act as an easy-to-understand framework for the health psychology field, as demonstrated through the factors most closely associated with happiness.
When considering happiness as a subjective field, one must not only consider the individuals current life stage and goals, but also his or her affect or temperament. Temperament, defined as one’s mental constitution or frame of mind (Webster’s New Basic Dictionary, 1997), will impact how one views any given situation. In a study done by Holder and Klassen (2010), 311 c...
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Post, S.G. (2005). Altruism, happiness, and health: it’s good to be good. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 12(2). 66-77. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1207/s15327558ijbm1202_4
Poston, B. (2009, August 8). An exercise in personal exploration: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The Surgical Technologist. Retrieved from http://www.astd2007.ast.org/publications/Journal%20Archive/2009/8_August_2009/CE.pdf
Smith, R.C. (2002). The biopsychosocial revolution. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 17(4). 309-310. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1495036/
Temperament. (1997). Webster’s New Basic Dictionary. Promotional Sales Books, LLC. ISBN: 1-57723-202-X.
Well-Being. (2004). In Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. Retrieve from http://www.credoreference.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/entry.do?ta=estappliedpsyc&uh=well_being
Personality predispositions can determine levels of extraversion, which determine the levels to which one seeks social support, thus determining positive affect. Similarly, personality predispositions can determine levels of neuroticism that may influence one’s style of coping in the face of both positive and negative external factors which can determine negative affect (Diener, 1996). Happiness, a core aspect of positive subjective wellbeing, involves maintaining a superior level of positive affect in comparison to negative effect, based on specific positive or negative emotions linked to the recent experiences in one’s life (Emmons & Diener, 1985). Positive emotions such as joy and pride must trump negative emotions such as frustration and sadness in the recent past or present in order for an individual to feel happy. Life satisfaction builds on this and is a cognitive valuation of the quality of an individual’s experiences as a sum throughout their entire life (Emmons & Diener, 1985). Individual personality traits have been found to influence the different patterns and levels of life satisfaction, positive and negative affects and simply general, overall happiness (McCrae, 1983).
Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. "On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of
Schwartz, G. E. (1982). Testing the biopsychosocial model: The ultimate challenge facing behavioral medicine? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50(6), 1040
A powerful influence over happiness is how people perceive situations and how they choose to engage with others. Life may change within an instant and have a spiraling spin of high and low points, but the positive state of mind and the value of social relationships determine the
This week’s READ IT assignment was composed of several papers (2 journal articles and the first chapter of a book) that appear to shed light on the origins of altruism. The article “Kin and Kind” by Jonah Lehrer compiled the insights of several evolutionary biologists in order to understand the natural tendency of some species, including humans, to behave altruistically. Dacher Keltner on the other hand approaches altruism from a psychological standpoint, looking primarily at the effect that it has on individual and societal health. Finally, List and Samak share their findings about the presence of altruism in young children, which suggest that altruism is not purely a learned behavior. The complementary nature of these three works grants us
Dovidio J.F. (1991) The empathy-altruism hypothesis: paradigm and promises. Psychological Inquiry, 2(2), 126 – 128
In the book, The How of Happiness, author and researcher Sonja Lyubomirsky sets her book apart from other self-awareness books by being the first to utilize empirical studies. She uses data gained through scientific method to provide support for her hypothesis. This hypothesis consists mainly of the idea that we have the ability to overcome genetic predisposition and circumstantial barriers to happiness by how we think and what we do. She emphasizes that being happier benefits ourselves, our family and our community. “The How of Happiness is science, and the happiness-increasing strategies that [she] and other social psychologists have developed are its key supporting players” (3).
Wong, P. T. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. What to do about the negative?, 52(2), 69-70.
...ence for Altruism: Toward a Pluralism of Prosocial Motives.” Psychological Inquiry 2.2 (1991): 107-122. Web. 5.Feb. 2012.
The hierarchy of human needs is a critical component in every person's life. Pioneers back in the 1800's needed them in order to survive on their trip west. To survive, Pioneers needed a vast majority of what is provided on the hierarchy of human needs pyramid. An example is that these travelers required physical needs such as food, water, air, shelter and warmth to make their journey west. On a pioneers journey, it is vital that they meet their basic human needs in order to survive, there are critical keys that are required to survive on their journey westward.
Subjective well-being is a broad term that encapsulates how a person appraises his or her life and emotional experiences. It has different aspects which includes life satisfaction, positive and negative affect (Diener et al., 2016). Positive affect refers to pleasant feelings such as joy, ecstasy, pride. While negative affect is defined as emotions that are troublesome or that can cause disturbance like anger and guilt. Life satisfaction is the cognitive domain of subjective well-being as it refers to the judgments made by the person about his life as a whole (Suldo and Huebner, 2005). For example, a person evaluates his subjective well-being by looking at his health satisfaction, job satisfaction, and other facets of his life including feelings regarding his life experiences (Diener et al., 2016). People with high subjective well-being are
An individual 's happiness is vital to their overall wellbeing and is affected by numerous factors, all to varying extents.
Only in recent years have psychologists begun to appreciate the benefits of happiness and positive emotion — benefits that include everything from enhanced creativity to improved immune-system function. Dr. Barbara Fredrickson at the University of North Carolina, a leader in the field of positive psychology, posed the question, “What good are positive emotions?” and came up with the following possibilities.
Real happiness is more than brief positive feelings but rather a lasting state of peace or contentedness. According to Reich, a former professor of psychology at Arizona State University, happiness is “deeper than a momentary good mood” (Reich). When ordinary happiness is experienced, Jacobsen, a professor in the Department
Throughout history, philosophers and scientists of various kinds have been trying to define happiness, identify its causes and the obstacles to reaching it. According to Jon Gertner, psychologist Gilbert and economist Loewenstein have succeeded in pointing out several reasons why people are unhappy (pp: 444-6). It is important to note that according to Gilbert, it is not that people cannot g...