Today I will be doing my technology research paper on the technology behind graphene supercapacitor. This is a very hot topic right now because a graphene supercapacitor is a very new technology. Scientist discovered how to create graphene in the early 1800’s however it has only been in the last couple years that they learned how to mass-produce graphene and how to create a supercapacitor from it. Which is a very good thing because the only technological bottleneck is a battery. Which is a very good thing because the biggest bottleneck currently would be batteries. Batteries are terrible for any new emerging technology. Batteries wear out, they take forever to recharge, and also they can't hold very much electricty. Compared to graphene supercapcitors which take seconds to charge, almost never wear out, and can hold massive amounts of electricity. In this paper I will be telling you about the properties and future uses of graphene
First I will be telling you about the history of graphene. Graphene comes from graphite which is the “lead” in mechanical pencils.In 1859 D.C. Brodie discovered the properties of thermally reduced graphite oxide. In 1918 V. Kohlschutter and P. Haenni dsicover the properties of a graphite-oxide paper. Next in 1962 Hanns Peter Boehm works on a single layer carbon foils, which he then calls graphene. Then graphene started to fade out of the spotlight until 2002 when Nanotek Instruments files a patent for a single layer graphene sheet. Then 2 years later in 2004 Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov from the University of Manchester develop a simpler method of isolating graphene from graphite. Then in 2011 the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology developed a ultra-light, bendable battery using g...
... middle of paper ...
...w.graphene-info.com/
Anthony, S. (2014, January 30). IBM builds graphene chip that’s 10,000 times faster, using standard CMOS processes | ExtremeTech. ExtremeTech. Retrieved May 16, 2014, from http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/175727-ibm-builds-graphene-chip-thats-10000-times-faster-using-standard-cmos-processes
Whitwam, R. (2014, February 26). Graphene-based microbattery could power biotelemetry implants | ExtremeTech. ExtremeTech. Retrieved May 16, 2014, from http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/176949-graphene-based-microbattery-could-power-biotelemetry-implants
University of Texas at Austin, Texas Advanced Computing Center. (2014, May 6). Graphene for real-world devices: New research in phonon scattering sheds more light on graphene as a replacement for silicon. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 15, 2014 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140506142201.htm
Ewald Georg von Kleist is a German scientist who created the capacitor in November of 1745. Regrettably, Kleist did not have the proper paper work to claim in the records that the design of the capacitor was his idea. Many months later, a Dutch professor named Pieter van Musschenbroek created the Leyden jar, the world’s first capacitor (on record). It was a simple jar that was half filled with water and metal above it. A metal wire was connected to it and that wire released charges. Benjamin Franklin created his own version of the Leyden jar, the flat capacitor. This was the same experiment for the more part, but it had a flat piece of glass inside of the jar. Michael Faraday was the first scientist to apply this concept to transport electric power over a large distance. Faraday created the unit of measurement for a capacitor, called Farad.
The elastic modulus of even amorphous diamond is around 800 GPa which is already much higher than any other MEMS material that is currently ...
Thin solid films were probably first obtained in 1838 by electrolysis. They were systematically prepared by Faraday in 1857.
Roberts, A. (2011, March). Nanotechnology: The incredible invisible world, Technology & Engineering Teacher, 70 (6) p10-17
Leveson, Nancy G. “Medical Devices: the Therac-25.” Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 19 April 2014. http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/therac.pdf
These reasons are why Lithium-Ion Batteries are some of the most viable options when designing new gadgets. But, the structure of these batteries are why these batteries are being used for new gadgets. A Lithium-Ion Batt...
Let’s check the things around us right now, lights, circuit, smart phones, calculators, and the Mac Air I’m using right now. All these things contain circuits and chips, which have millions of transistors. All these transistors need semiconductor, which is made of silicon. (CUB “Silicon”) Silicon is one of the most important elements in modern world. It supports the modern electric power and information exchange system. Silicon is #14 in the periodic table, is the second most abundant elements on earth, “It makes up about 28% of the earth crust and Oxygen, the most abundant elements, makes up about 47%.”(CUB “Silicon”) Together they are silicon dioxide, quartz and sand, which is really common. Chemists have found some kind of new elements in Quartz many times but they never realize that until 1824 a Swedish chemist, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, purified it and named it. People at that time debated about if silicon is a metal or nonmetal. “Berzelius believed it was a metal, while Humphry Davy thought it was a nonmetal. The problem was that the new element was a better conductor of electricity than nonmetals...
Graphene refers to a single layer of graphite, with sp2 hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal...
Moor’s Law: The number of transistors incorporated in a chip will approximately double every 24 months. (Moore, 1965)
Decoupling capacitors are mainly used to suppress high-frequency noise in the power supply signals. It takes small ripples, which could be harmful to the delicate ICs. It is also help in providing right amount of voltage supply to the circuit. If ever the power supply may drop temporarily its voltage which is a common thing, decoupling capacitor supply power briefly power to the circuit. That’s why such capacitors are known as bypass capacitors. As they act as the power supply and bypass the power supply. Decoupling capacitors are connected between the power source and the ground. Different valued capacitors are used as decoupling capacitors because some do better filtering of noise. Some of voltage supplies are placed far from the circuit. In such case any current from the connecting wires are sufficient to produce distortion. Due to this, the required input voltage may get change. When decoupling capacitors are placed it is always tried to place them close to the IC as possible. The far they are placed, the less effective they will be.
In the past few decades, one field of engineering in particular has stood out in terms of development and commercialisation; and that is electronics and computation. In 1965, when Moore’s Law was first established (Gordon E. Moore, 1965: "Cramming more components onto integrated circuits"), it was stated that the number of transistors (an electronic component according to which the processing and memory capabilities of a microchip is measured) would double every 2 years. This prediction held true even when man ushered in the new millennium. We have gone from computers that could perform one calculation in one second to a super-computer (the one at Oak Ridge National Lab) that can perform 1 quadrillion (1015) mathematical calculations per second. Thus, it is only obvious that this field would also have s...
Diamond is made up of carbon. Another form of pure carbon is graphite. Graphite is the stable form of carbon, found at the earth’s surface. Despite the fact that they have identical chemical composition, the two minerals are drastically different. Diamond is the hardest known substance and is usually light colored and transparent, while graphite is greasy, easily powdered, and very dark in color. Diamond is the hardest gem on Mohs’ hardness scale and graphite is the softest. Diamond is very hard because of its dense packing and interlocking atomic arrangement. Graphite, on the other hand, although it is the same element, is more loosely packed and has a six-sided, layered configuration, which makes it soft (Pough, 1991). The differences between graphite and diamonds are accounted for by the conditions in which they are created.
American Chemical Society. "Carbon nanotubes twice as strong as once thought." ScienceDaily, 16 Sep. 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2013.
Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) are manufactured by many companies including one called Element Six, these artificial diamonds are used in a wide range of technology such as; electronic, sensors, lasers and in thermal management. They are constructed in a vacuum system that allows that is below the average atmospheric pressure. Methane gas then supplies the carbon atoms needed for this process. Because they are able to control the purity of the gas it makes the CVD method a very effective way to make artificial diamonds.
The computer has progressed in many ways, but the most important improvement is the speed and operating capabilities. It was only around 6 years ago when a 386 DX2 processor was the fastest and most powerful CPU in the market. This processor could do a plethora of small tasks and still not be working to hard. Around 2-3 years ago, the Pentium came out, paving the way for new and faster computers. Intel was the most proficient in this area and came out with a range of processors from 66 MHz-166 Mhz. These processors are also now starting to become obsolete. Todays computers come equipped with 400-600 Mhz processors that can multi-task at an alarming rate. Intel has just started the release phase of it’s new Pentium III-800MHz processor. Glenn Henry is