Graphene Many people have not heard of graphene, well even if they have not they should know because they make it every day. Graphene is that little thing in the middle of your pencil that you use to write down your school work, “But that is Graphite,” people might say when in reality Graphite is layers of graphene stacked on top of each other it a little more chemicals with it. Graphene is amazing and it will change our world. What is Graphene Graphene is often called the miracle material and is made up of Carbon in a honeycomb lattice. It is one atom thick and partly transparent. It has an amazingly strong, 300 times as strong as steel and is the strongest metal in the world, but yet it is not that brittle in fact it is very flexible. It …show more content…
Let me take you back in time to September 11th 2001 This is a Tuesday that would become famous, not for anything good, but for a horrible tragedy that would be remembered for the years to come, it is famous for the losses of two buildings and over 3,000 people’s lives. At 7:59 am 4 planes are hijacked. 8:46 am flight 11 crashes into the North tower of the New york’s Trade Center killing everyone on board and people in the building . Everyone thinks it is an accident. 9:03 flight 175 crashes into the South tower of New York’s Trade center again, killing everyone on board and some in the building. Now everyone knows that they are not accidents and know something is wrong. 9:37 Another plane crashes into the pentagon and for a third time. 9:59 the south tower cracks loudly, then collapses. 10:28 am the north tower collapses. It is hard to think that this damage was done in less than five hours. The towers held up really well from the two plain attacks, but the concrete and the steel eventually gave way to the heat and the weight that was added onto the supports that weren 't destroyed. More than likely heat was the main reason the towers fell the fire melted the steel supports causing the towers to crumble. Now Graphene is way better when it comes to heat and strength so it would have helped at least have gave the firefighters and the police more time to rescue the workers and maybe even had held the towers together. Graphene is also highly flexible so it would have contained the smashing force of the planes better than
The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire not only affected the city of New York, but also the rest of the country. It forever changed the way our country would look at safety regulations in factories and buildings. The fire proved to America what can and will happen if we over-look safety regulations and over-crowd buildings. Unfortunately, 146 lives are taken before we fully understand this concept.
Carbon is one of the 115 chemical elements discovered on Earth which is part of the nonmetals group with other elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. Carbon as an element has good stability, it is very light, very stable, and has many types of forms such as graphite, and coal. Carbon fiber is just another form of carbon, basically has filaments between five to ten micrometers in diameter of pure carbon or at least 90% of carbon. Thousand carbon fibers are twisted together to form a long chain, which can then be used in a variety of raw forms, including yarns, weaves, and braids, which are in turn mixed with synthetic resins to create the carbon fiber as a composite material. Based on different characteristics carbon fibers can be divided into three principals groups: according to carbon fiber tensile modulus, according to precursor fiber materials, and according to final heat
On Sept. 11, 2001, A date that will live in infamy for Americans, terrorists attacked the World Trade Center in New York City. At 8:48 a.m. flight 11 crashed into the north tower. As it continued to burn a second plane flight 175 carrying 65 people crashed into the south tower around 9:05 a.m.. as smoke and debris fill the air in New York City after one of the World Trade Center towers collapsed. Police officers and rescue workers on the disaster scene in New York are covered in Ash that was two to three inches deep in places. People wandered dazed and terrified, Several firefighters coated with dust sat on the ground gasping for breath. One top fire official was asked if both towers had completely collapsed: "You can see what I can see, " he responded. "We just have no idea." At least 202 firefighters and possibly up to 350 are missing,
On September11, 2001 at 8:46 am an American Airline Plane carrying 96 passengers crashed into the side of the north Twin Tower in New York City. Several minutes later another plane crashed into the second Twin Tower. It didn’t take long after the second plane struck for the second tower to fully collapse. At 10:28 am the first tower followed suite and collapsed leaving many people including fire fighters and police officers trapped in the debris from the falling towers. The debris from the falling towers also caused the surrounding building to catch a fire, including World Trade 7 which at 5:20 pm collapsed luckily they were able to evacuate the building. Over 3,000 people were killed that day in New York City and in Washington, D.C. The days after 9/11 brought a significant amount of change to our country.
Although it may seem that the crashes themselves were the most devastating and terrifying part of the attacks, the fall of the towers caused the most damage and heartbreak all over the country. The first tower to collapse was the South Tower (Inside 9/11: War on America). It came crashing down at 9:59 a.m., almost fifty-six minutes after the initial impact, silencing the city. When the towers were built, they were built to withstand extreme conditions. The towers contained a series of fireproofing. However, the impact of the crash caused the fireproofing to blow off. As a result, the steel structure of the building softened from the extreme heat and flames from the jet fuels. The South Tower stood for fifty-six minutes after the initial impact (Johnson). Soon after the fall of the South Tower, the Pentagon also faced a destructive tragedy. At 10:10 a.m. the part of the Pentagon struck by the airplane also collapsed (Inside 9/11: War on America). Although
the discovery of carbon nanotubes, the strongest material known to man, a possible solution has been found.
Graphene has received great mass media coverage since Geim and Novoselov published their foundlings about monocrystalline graphitic films in 2004, which won them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. (Novoselov et al, 2004) It has been described as the wonder substance or super material by the mass media, not only because it is the thinnest material ever known and the strongest ever measured, but also due to its excellent electrical, thermal, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. It has high specific surface area, high chemical stability, high optical transmittance, high elasticity, high porosity, tunable band gap, and ease of chemical functionalization which helps in tuning its properties (Geim et al, 2007) Moreover, graphene has a multitude of amazing properties such as half-integer room-temperature quantum Hall effect (Novoselov et al, 2007), long-range ballistic transport with almost ten times greater electron mobility than that of silicon, and availability of charge carriers that behave as massless relativistic quasi particle, known as Dirac fermions. (Geim et al, 2007) The outstanding electrical conductivity and the transparency and flexibility of graphene-based material have led to research and development of some future technologies, such as flexible and wearable electronics. In addition, graphene can also be used for efficient energy storage materials, polymer composites, and transparent electrodes. (Geim et al, 2007) This paper presents a
Diamonds earned its original name from the Greek word “adamas” that means "invisible" (Oldershaw, 2005) because it is considered as the most hard mineral that is cannot scratched in with other minerals. In addition, the diamond is a unique jewel of other gems as formed from a single chemical that is carbon. Furthermore, it is doubtful that diamonds actually contain chemicals that are similar to those of Graphite and charcoal. The difference is only in the process of formation where diamonds are crystallized in the form of a cube under the pressure of large earth pressure and high temperatures up to thousands of degrees Celsius. Thus, the bonds of the carbon atoms in diamond are very strong and uniform to produce crystals that ...
Carbon is one of the basic elements of matter (Bush 1230-1231). The name carbon comes from the Latin word "carbo" meaning charcoal.Carbon is the sixth most abundant element (Gangson). More than 1,000,000 compounds are made from carbon(Carbon (C)). "The Element Carbon is defined as a naturally abundant non-metallic element that occurs in many inorganic and in all organic compounds, exists freely as graphite and diamond and as a constituent of coal, limestone, and petroleum, and is capable of chemical self-bonding to form an enormous number of chemically, biologically, and commercially important molecules." Carbon is used in diamonds, petroleum oil, radiocarbon dating, smoke detectors, kerosine, gasoline, carbon fiber. (Alcin).
Diamond is made up of carbon. Another form of pure carbon is graphite. Graphite is the stable form of carbon, found at the earth’s surface. Despite the fact that they have identical chemical composition, the two minerals are drastically different. Diamond is the hardest known substance and is usually light colored and transparent, while graphite is greasy, easily powdered, and very dark in color. Diamond is the hardest gem on Mohs’ hardness scale and graphite is the softest. Diamond is very hard because of its dense packing and interlocking atomic arrangement. Graphite, on the other hand, although it is the same element, is more loosely packed and has a six-sided, layered configuration, which makes it soft (Pough, 1991). The differences between graphite and diamonds are accounted for by the conditions in which they are created.
Technology has more negative effects on today’s society than positive. Due to technology in the past few decades Canine Shock Collars have been increasingly popular. Students in school pay more attention to texting than they do their classes. Violent addictive video games have made their way into American homes. Parents encourage their children to not text as much, but them to face the problem of constant communication. The Internet gives the students easier ways to cheat in school, and reinforces laziness. Internet Porn gives every bored male a chance to look at the seediest film in the comfort of his own home. Technology has taken the innocence and mystery away from the American family.
The day thousands of people lost their lives, the day terrorists came into our country and destroyed the Twin Towers, the day of September 11th, 2001 will never be forgotten in history all across the world. This devastating day led to many controversies and unanswered questions. The airplanes flying into the towers were one of the main causes of destruction. However, many speculate that the towers were in fact blown down with explosives placed in selected areas with the intention to make the towers crumble. With the help of the many first hand survivors, local witnesses, scientific studies, and known facts about the towers, many can determine the real cause of the collapse. Explosive devices, along with the airplanes are the main reason for the deaths, destruction and sorrow on the day of 9/11.
Steel: (for all intents and purposes) was invented in 1855 by Henry Bessemer(Mary Bellis). Science the amazing innovation that has changed the world incredible things have been made from the material from bridged cables and cross beams to arresting wires on aircraft carriers that stop monumental force and speed. It is truly an amazing martial, but eventually it snaps, breaks or tears due to the separation of the molecules. Also steel is not the most flexible material there is which may sound good for what it is used for, construction. You wouldn’t want the floor to shift from under but, what about in areas that have a consent threat of earthquakes having a material that is rigid when needed and flexible when needed would be an invaluable asset to construction companies in many countries. Also at $600-$900 per ton(Platts Mcgraw hill financial) it isn’t the most inexpensive material that could be chosen. Chemically is there a better material that could be used in the place of steel that is stronger more flexible and can be produced for a cheaper price than the normal steel that we use today? First, the choice of spider silk seems like a great choice. Mother nature seems to be the greatest designer of all made of different sections of proteins of extremely ridged and at the same time extremely elastic strings of proteins, that when braided together are 5 times stronger than steel and relatively free to produce as long as the spiders are kept healthy. What makes the proteins so strong? They are linked together almost like thousands of Lego’s linked together which by its self does not sound very strong, but just take 3 and pull length wise and try to pull them apart, it's almost impossible. The same concept is used in the spider's silk...
I have chosen nanotechnology as my topic area of choice from the food innovation module.
A Diamond is one of the two natural minerals that are produced from carbon. The other mineral is Graphite. Even though both of these minerals are produced from the same element ,carbon, they have totally different characteristics. One of the most obvious difference is that Diamond is hard and Graphite is soft. The Diamond is considered to be the most hardest substance found in nature. It scores a perfect ten in hardness. Because of its hardness a tiny Diamond is used as a cutting and drilling tool in industry. Even the Greeks called the Diamond “adamas” which means unconquerable. Diamonds also conducts heat better than any other mineral .