ETA stands for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna in Euskara, or in English, Basque Fatherland and Freedom. It grew out of the EKIN in Spain in 1959 and formed as a radical Basque separatist group. Discontented with the moderate nationalism of the main Basque party, the ETA is dedicated to a separate nation-state for the Basque people, an ethnic group inhabiting areas of northern Spain and southwestern France. Currently there are about 300 members . Current leaders include Juan Cruz Maiztegui Bengoa and José Luis Eciolaza Galán, however very little is known about the ETA power hierarchy. They are extremely secretive about their leadership structure. However in 1992, ETA's three top leaders — "military" leader Francisco Mujika Garmendia, political leader José Luis Alvarez Santacristina and logistical leader José María Arregi Erostarbe were arrested . The majority of their attacks have targeted businesses and Spanish government officials, especially members of the security services and the judiciary. Their most common tactics are bombing and assassination. However, they have been known to issue warnings prior to their attacks. Their most infamous attack was the assassination of Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco in December 1973. He was killed when an underground bomb exploded beneath his car. Blanco was considered the most likely successor to Spain's dictator, Franco. More than twenty years later, the ETA almost assassinated politician Jose Maria Aznar, who later became prime minister . The ETA is financed by kidnapping and robbery. However, extortion provides the main revenue for their activities. The group also has ties with other terrorist groups, including the Irish Republican Army and Venezuela's Red Flag . Recently, the ETA ... ... middle of paper ... ...10, Web. 25 May 2010. . “Lashkar-e-Taiba.” South Asian Terrorism Portal. SATP, 2001, Web. 25 May 2010. . Ibid. Bajoria, Jayshree Ibid. “Lashkar-e-Taiba” Bajoria, Jayshree http://middleeast.about.com/od/afghanistan/ss/me080914a.htm http://normlife.com/documents/original/the_talibans_interpretation_of_islam.htm http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2325?_hi=34&_pos=4 http://www.infoplease.com/spot/taliban.html http://www.infoplease.com/spot/taliban.html http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch5.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present) http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703565804575238750543006606.html?mod=rss_whats_news_us
The group had an organization structure with directors and leaders for their different areas of coverage, such as a West Coast Coordinator. The group’s financial sources are not clear in general, but it is known that they were self-sustained (Jewish Defense League (a)). It is known that the group shares members and is allies with Kach, a terrorist group out of Israel, while it is suspected that the group is also allies with the Zionist Action Group (Jewish Defense League
.... They have not committed an attack since 1998, when they took responsibility of the explosion at one of the power plants. Not many information is known about the new leadership, and some even speculate that the group has disbanded; only having few people here and there still rallying under Los Macheteros banner. But they are still out there, there are still citizens that want to secure independence from the United States by any means necessary, all they need is a spark to ignite the powder keg again, and a charismatic leader to rally the group. But whatever they do and however people want to call them; terrorist or heroes, their name has been forever stained with blood by the actions and orders of Ojeda. Even if his intentions were noble, by wanting a free country for his people, it does not justify the killing of unarmed military personnel, and innocent civilians.
According to Money Laundering: A Guide for Criminal Investigators, terrorist financing originates from four sources: criminal activity, legitimate or semi legitimate business, government or state sponsorship and charitable contributions or donations (Madinger, 279). Contrary to public belief, many terrorist organizations solicit money directly from the local community. By soliciting donations and contributions, the organization is able to legitimately raise money for their operations. In addition, the role of states sponsoring terrorism through monetary contributions continues to be a growing threat. According to the US State Department, countries that are currently directly sponsoring terrorism include: Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Sudan and Syria (US State Department). In an effort to elude detection from authorities and to continue funding their organizations, terrorists also finance themselves through legitimate businesses. The Provisional Irish Republican Army oper...
context is key. To better illustrate this point, this essay will elaborate on terrorist groups such
Al-Qaeda Introduction Al Qaeda is a terrorist organization established in Peshawar, Pakistan, between 1988 and 1989 by Osama bin Laden and his teacher Abullah Yusuf Azzam. Al-Qaeda is an international terrorist network that is considered the top terrorist threat to the United States. Al Qaeda is seeking to get rid of all westerns from Muslim territory and replace their own Islamic regime. They are a group of people who work together to plan acts of terrorism against Muslims and non-Muslims especially in the United States. Al Qaeda believes that they are fighting a holy war against the enemy of their religion.
Organized crime is a collective result of the commitment, knowledge, and actions of three components: (1) Criminal groups, who are core persons tied by racial, linguistic, ethnic or other bonds; (2) Protectors, who are persons who protect the group’s interests; and (3) Specialist support, which are persons who knowingly render services on an side-job basis to enhance the group’s interests. In order to thrive, an organized crime group needs many different elements. First, it needs an ensured continuity of members, clients, supporters, funds, etc. Additionally, it needs structure, criminality, violence, memberships based on common grounds, and a willingness to corrupt a power and profit goal. Generally, mafia organized crime groups disguise themselves behind the ownership of a legitimate business to avoid questioning from the Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.) regarding any financial sources. The ille...
This essay provides an analysis of the terrorist group Jemaah Islamiyah from its foundation and grass roots development up until the splintering of the group in 2000. It also provides analysis of the motivations behind its founder and the future of JI and radical Islam.
Unfortunately, these criminals are not just fictional characters. Organized crime is a major issue not only in the United States, but around the globe. In recent times, criminal organizations have become increasingly transnational, meaning they are not limited within the borders that they originate in, as a result of the Internet and advances in communication technologies. Crime syndicates like the Yamaguchi-gumi, the Russian mafia, and the Sinaloa Cartel pose immense threats to many nations outside of their own. Evidently, it is important to understand what exactly these criminal organizations are. This paper will attempt to define organized crime, describe the common structures of criminal organizations, and detail efforts made by the federal government to control organized
The Basque Country is a region located around the west end of the Pyrenees mountain range on the coast of the Bay of Biscay . The Basque Country is comprised of the Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country(Spain), Navarre(Spain), and the Northern Basque Country(France) . The Basque people largely consider themselves to have a separate identity from the rest of Spain; they have their own language, culture, history, territory, industry, and ancestry. From their perspective, they aren't really Spanish and want this recognized. Some people though, went to extremes to express this independent feeling and that is where the conflict started.
The Nation of Islam: A Source of Hope. In the early 1930’s, in Detroit, when the Nation of Islam was initially founded, it was not really widely known. It was a very secluded and introverted religion and community. It was not until they came under the leadership of Elijah Muhammad that the Nation of Islam became a household name in the early 1960’s.
Killing people is right, raping is ok and drinking is right and we are the only Muslim, and all the other should die. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi said that If you jihad kill you along with other then you will go to heaven. All the Isis terrorism started in 2011 and Isis started in Syria. Isis is a extreme terrorist group. I think that this global issue will lead to terrorism.
Through researching ISIS, we can come to the conclusion that they are a dangerous terrorist group that is growing quickly, they aim to conquer through fear, and they are doing this because of their radical Muslim beliefs. This is important because they are now not only affecting the Middle East, but threatening America. They are a growing group whose numbers keep increasing. “ISIS can count on about 10,000 fighters. However, the basin of sympathizers and supporters from where it can draw resources is much broader”(Grassi 1). 10,000 people is more than double the amount of students that attend Southeastern, however this number of 10,000 only accounts for the number of fighters. The amount of supporters is much bigger! Thirty-five organizations
ISIS stands for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. It is a terrorist group led by Abu Bakr al- Baghdadi. His successors Abu Hamza al-Muhajir and Abu Omr al-Baghdadi were both killed in 2010, where leadership of Al Qaeda in Iraq was passed to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Before the true formation of ISIS, it was led by Jamaat al-Tawhid walJihad during a terrorist training groups of western Afghanistan and relocated to Iraq in 2003. From there the organization rose to wage war against the US under a fugitive Jordanian terrorist, Abu Mus ab al-Zarqawi. In October 2004, he swore his allegiance to Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda’s leader. From there on the organization was constantly referred to as al-Qaeda in Iraq. He did not pay attention to
Just like any other criminal organization, terrorist groups are going to adjust to law enforcements tactics to stop them. Specifically, it is expected that the styles of attacks actually will actually decrease in size, although possible increase in quantity (Walter & Xuejuan, 2007). United States combined efforts of infiltrating, and interrupting the flow of money has had a dramatic effect on the organizational structure of terrorist hierarchies. Specifically, terror organizations have adapted to function efficiently has separate cell factions to prevent the loss of one individual being detrimental to their cause. While this method has resulted in the some groups to operate off the grid, it has also resulted in their inability to launch
The terrorist group Hezbollah is a growing problem throughout the world because it is at war against Israel and aims to attack Israel Jews, and other countries that are not involved in the war, such as the United States and Europe, have been targeted (Spindlove & Simonsen, 2013). This is dangerous because countries that do not have conflict with Hezbollah may not worry about being attacked therefore they are not prepared. The Israeli military withdrew from Lebanon, giving Hezbollah the opportunity to become stronger and gain more soldiers to fight against Israel (Spindlove & Simonsen, 2013). This terrorist group is very skilled and makes no room for mistakes, which has made it difficult for governments to obtain information on the group or