Global Positioning System (GPS) is a new technology that uses the help of satellite data to measure the geographical information such as latitudes and longitudes and the velocity of the vehicle and helps to traverse the vehicle .The main idea is to program the GPS likewise that it can handle the navigation system without any human interventions. The GPS hardware consist of GPS receiver, Intertial measurement unit (IMU) compass and a computer for data processing. The main objective of the research is to enable an automated driving operation during the navigation of the vehicle without the help of the driver (i.e) the vehicle operated without the driver. The efficiency of autonomous navigation is only driven with the help of an interactive hardware and software that contributes in planning a better route and path prediction and during dynamic environments playing a role of man thereby improving the fuel efficiency and human comfort. The GPS based autonomous navigation receives the signal form the GPS satellites with the help of the receiver that calculates the position on the earth and executes in the navigation algorithm in order to produce the parameters such as direction and distance. A compass is used to specify the travel direction whereas the distance is determined by the velocity. The odometers with wheel encoders are the best example for this type of navigation system. Its methodology is, the velocity is measured with the dimension of the wheel and the time between the encoding pulse .The odometer systems requires frequent updating of its current position as it suffers errors. This type of system can be integrated with GPS for better performance.
GPS autonomous navigation system is an emerging technology for the present gen...
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6. Write and read data logger system: The parallax memory which allows to connect on USB mass storage. This device stores current longitudes and latitudes. They also read and write from the microcontroller.
Conclusion:
All the above research has been made and the objectives are achieved for the development of autonomous-GPS system embedded with compass, processor and data logger. The application has worked in the real-time environment with the collection of data using the satellite data received and the navigation of the car without a human interventions and the co-ordinates have been stored successfully into the data logger. The car steers into the data stored in the data logger through the waypoints with the help of compass. The LCD is used to display the latitudes and longitudes which displays the current data in the screen for the viewer to be viewed.
To tell where the car is, the car uses positional information from the GPS and the Internal Navigation system to restrict itself to a particular place, meaning is gets a baseline reading of where the car is in the world using GPS like your phone would. Then the car reads the information from the sensors to refine its position. After that, the car then gathers all of that information and creates a digital image of the environment around the car. This image includes all still and moving objects in its vicinity. This could range from buildings, traffic lights, stop signs, other cars, cyclists, and pedestrians. Also, the blinker of the other cars in its range. All of the map making is handled by the control system, along with many other tasks. The control system is computer in the car that is able to make all of the intelligent decisions like where to turn, to stop if there is a car in front of it or if it's at a stoplight and the light is red, it will stop on the line. This computer must know everything that is around that car and also everything that is going on around that car. For example, a car pulled up to a stop sign next to a self-driving car. The computer in the self-driving car must be able to see the car pulling up and it must know when it stopped. It must also know how far away the car is to the side of it. Self-driving cars also has a model to
NavLab 5 was equipped with a portable computer, a windshield-mounted camera, a GPS receiver, and other supplementary equipment. The longest drive without human intervention was almost 70 miles. This was a great accomplishment, and showed that sometime soon these cars could be fit for the roadways across America. A similar trip was done by the University Of Parma’s VISLAB in 2010 drove 16,000 kilometers through nine countries in 100 days. They hit a bit of a roadblock in Russia where the car was involved in an accident, but it was caused by human error.
The term autonomous refers to the capability of acting independently, or having the freedom to do so. A self-driving car is an autonomous car, which has the ability to sense its environment and navigating without any human operations. These types of cars are built to make safe and smart decisions on the road. In the past years, automobile companies have begun to introduce advanced driver assistance systems that are capable of parking, switching lanes, and braking in case of an emergency on their own, without the driver’s assistance. Automated vehicles are capable of maneuvering through street traffic, as well as other natural and man-made obstacles along the way. Therefore, this technology might completely change the methods of transportation.
The guidance, navigation, and control system is all about the destination, current location, and path of the CEV. These devices detect the vehicle’s motion and informs the GNC what is happening. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) contain gyros to measure and provide inertial attitude and velocity data to the G...
The basic concept behind understanding GPS is a technique called “triangulating.” By using this technique, we can pinpoint any place on Earth by using only three different satellites. More specifically, we would want to use our distance from these three satellites. Hypothetically speaking, say we measured our distance from one satellite to be 10,000 miles. Our position would be narrowed down to a point on the surface of a sphere, centered on the satellite, with a radius of 10,000 miles. Now, say that the next measurement is 11,000 miles from another satellite and we imagine a similar sphere....
provides to reader are vehicle tracking and assistance system that he found on the OnStar web
In 2010, Google broadcasted that they created an archetype of a car that can drive itself; its purpose, to avert collisions, allow citizens more time, and cut down on harmful pollutants that vehicles produce (Poczter & Jankovic, 2014). The heart of the self-driving automobile is lasers that are mounted on the roof of a modified Toyota Prius that produces a precise three-dimensional atlas of the area surrounding the car. Furthermore, the automobile is outfitted with four radars, and another laser around the vehicle that allows it to precisely create a 3-D map of its surroundings (Poczter & Jankovic, 2014). The vehicle calculates the laser dimensions with high-resolution maps of the globe, which allows it to drive itself without human intervention, while evading obstacles and obeying traffic laws (How Google’s self-Driving Car Works, 2011).
GPS has become a widely deployed and useful tool for commerce, scientific uses, tracking, and surveillance. GPS's accurate time facilitates everyday activities such as banking, mobile phone operations, and even the control of power grids by allowing well synchronized hand-off switching.Many civilian applications use one or more of GPS's three basic components: absolute location, relative movement, and time transfer. The wide variety of fields of application of GPS for civilian use includes Astronomy, Cartography, Cellular telephony, Clock synchronization, Disaster relief/emergency services, Radio, aircraft tracking, Navigation, Tours, Mining, Surveying, Tectonics, etc.
The positioning information from GPS satellites is sent in the form of repeating codes which a GPS receiver can use to determine its position on the Earth (latitude and longitude) with an accuracy of approximately 10 m. There are more sophisticated receivers that can be used to determine position with precision of a few millimetres. The codes which form the GPS signal structure are superimposed upon two carrier waves. Both the carrier frequencies and the signal frequencies are resultant directly from the on-board atomic clock oscillator frequency of 10.23 MHz. figure 1.g. shows the image of the earth surround by the GPS satellites.
Technology is evolving faster than ever these days, however there is one technology that could revolutionize the transportation industry. This technology is called autonomous cars, also known as self-driving cars. Autonomous cars can be defined as a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment, and navigating without human input. Using different techniques such as GPS and radar, autonomous cars can detect surroundings, thus removing the human element in driving. This would have a positive effect in more ways than we could ever imagine. Research suggests that self-driving cars will become more abundant in the future because they will be more cost-effective, enhance safety, and decrease traffic congestion.
The following is a brief illustration of the principles of GPS. For more information see previous chapter. The Global positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-base navigation system that provides a user with proper equipment access to positioning information. The most commonly used approaches for GPS positioning are the Iterative Least Square (ILS) and the Kalman Filter (EKF) methods. Both of them are based on psuedorange equation:
3. Brain, Marshall, and Tom Harris. "How GPS Receivers Work." 25 September 2006. HowStuffWorks.com. 01 June 2010.
The system integrates equipment mounted on trains with ground-based equipment using wireless communication to collect position information from the train and sent back control signal. This significantly reduces the amount of equipment and facilitate roadside benefits such as high traffic density and the use of a single drive or train without a driver.
Lawn Solution Ltd has recently produced a conceptual design for an automated lawn mower with GPS tracking system. The intended product targets to gain profit and beat competitors, mainly automated lawn mower producers which dominate the current market. Besides discovering future uses of GPS as it gets cheaper, the company also aims to enhance reliability of current automated lawn mowers. This is achieved by using the GPS tracking system which is more accurate and permits complete control of mower’s position.
with a digital map, who shows the position of the car. Based on the position of