For Unit seven project, I will define, analyze and examine my understanding of the genetic and environmental factors that influence personality. Then I will answer the following four short-essay questions which will consists of 200 – 300 words, that will help me find the best solutions using my assessment skills. For the first question, I will discuss what the relationship is between cognition and personality and explain how biological and environmental factors can shape our cognitive processes. In addition, an example that shows how a person’s cognitive processes can shape some aspect of personality will be provided. Secondly, I will explain and provide examples, when necessary, of how evolutionary, biological/genetic and environmental variables can result in the development of an aggressive personality. Thirdly, I will discuss how parents are influential in a child’s personality in relation to evolutionary, biological/genetic and behavioral theories. Further, examples will be provided to illustrate how each of the aforementioned models relates to parenting and children’s personality development. Then, I will discuss what self efficacy is and how it relates to personality. In furtherance, I will discuss what “nature” and “nurture” factors contribute to one’s self efficacy and provide examples when it is appropriate to do so. All the aforementioned findings will be submitted in a word project. Upon completion of this project, I will submit it to Kaplan University drop box.
Both cognition and personality development follow a similar path in that they both follow a timetable of development that expresses milestones in development at similar times in relation to a child’s cognition and personality growth. A shy person is thought to ...
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Personality. Custom Edition for Kaplan University. Pearson Custom Publishing.
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Children and T.V. violence Retrieved on September 17th, 2011 from the website: http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/children_and_tv_violence.
EHow/How to Videos, Articles and More – Trusted Advice for the Curious Life. Retrieved on September 17th, 2011, from the website: http://www.ehow.com.
(Schunk, D. H., Meece, J.L.). Self efficacy. Retrieved on September, 18th, 2011, from the website http://des.emory.edu/mfp/03SchunkMeeceAdoEd5.pdf.
Self-efficacy: emphasizing that the subject is the primary determinant of the effectiveness of the treatment and valorize the efforts already accomplished.
Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2008). Personality: Theory and research (10th Ed.). New York: Wiley.
Children are complex, and the way a child develops differs from individual to individual. The study of children is a field that researchers, scientists, theorists and educators have been exploring for decades. CHYS 1F90 studies the foundations of childhood development and allows the students to look at the way children develop through multiple lenses. Many conclusions have been drawn, observing how, when and why children develop the way they do. Jerry and Samantha are both grade one students who are unrelated. Although these two students are both the same age, they are different on a variety of accounts. Jerry is a shy and introverted boy who quickly becomes uncomfortable while talking to adults, teachers and peers, contrariwise Samantha is immensely confident and demonstrates extroversion around others. After analyzing both Jerry and Samantha through a biological, learning theorist and psychoanalytical lens, the reasons for the first-graders differences are clear. Depending on the lens in which an individual looks through when analyzing the development of children, interesting and intriguing conclusions can be drawn regarding the broad topic of understanding how children develop.
Also, Bandura focused on self-efficacy. Self-efficacy means that the individual will feel as if they are worthy of the best (Schultz & Schultz, 2013). “People low in self-efficacy feel helpless, unable to exercise control over life events” (Schultz & Schultz, 2013, p. 338). Although Antwone joined the navy, he was still haunted by his past. His models taught him to not enjoy being intimate with anothe...
Locke, Edwin A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. Personnel Psychology, 50 (3), 801-804. Retrieved May 2, 2011, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Document
Personality is patterns of thinking, behavior and emotional responses that make up individuality over time. Psychologist attempt to understand how personality develops and its impact on how we behave. Several theories attempt to explain personality, using different approaches. The social-cognitive and humanistic approaches are two of many theories that attempt to explain personality. This essay will identify the main concepts of social-cognitive and humanistic approach, identify perspective differences and discuss approach limitations.
Psychodynamic and behavioural approaches are the two major approaches to personality, however, they view personality from different perspectives. Psychodynamic approach makes the argument that personality is caused by forces in the unconscious that are not learned. The individual has little control over their behaviour as it is predetermined, and early childhood plays a crucial part in shaping a person’s personality. Behavioural approach, on the other hand, recognises personality as learned and focuses only on present behavioural matters. Because of
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2013). Theories of personality (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage/Wadsworth.
Schultz, D.P. & Schultz, S.E. (2009). Theories of Personality, Ninth Edition. US: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Magnavita, J. J. (2002). Theories of personality: Contemporary approaches to the science of personality. New York: Wiley.
P.J. (2004). Personality: Theory and Research. USA: Wiley. SMITH. T. W. and WILLIAMS.
Birth order is a commonly discussed topic inside the realms of psychological research. Many studies have been organized to show the differentiation of personality concerning birth order. Characteristics of a personality, absent of birth order, play a monumental role in how a person reacts to social influence. A principle examination will occur concerning the view of the first-born child in comparison to the later born child for the purpose of illustrating how their susceptibility differs from one another. A related yet separated analysis will be done encompassing the characteristics of personalities of the first-born individual, as well as the later born individual focusing on the Big Five Personality Dimensions.
Personality can be defined as an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. Many personality theorists have put forward claims as to where personality is derived from and how it develops throughout an individual’s life. The two main personality theories this essay will be focusing on is the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (Bandura, 1986) and the Trait Theory – Five Factor Theory (FFT) (McCrae and Costa, 1995). The SCT allocates a central role to cognitive, observational learning and self-regulatory processes (Bandura, 1986). An individual’s personality develops through experiences with their sociocultural environment. Whereas the Trait Theory proposes that all individuals are predisposed with five traits (Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) which determines our personality. This theory also puts forward that personality is stable and cannot change as it’s biologically determined.
Behaviorism and Social Learning Theory are two theories that have been used to describe the development of personality. While Behaviorism places a strong focus on how the environment shapes our personality, mainly through the process of negative and positive reinforcement, Social Cognitive Theory goes one step further by including how one’s thoughts and perceptions combine with behavior and environment to influence personality. Although there are some limitations in both theories, I feel that self-efficacy, self-esteem, and habits are valid parts of the two theories, playing a large role in how personality traits are established and expressed.
The concept of self-efficacy is grounded in Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory. Bandura (1994) defines perceived self-efficacy as “people’s beliefs about their capabilities to produce efforts” (p. 71). In essence, one having strong self-efficacy experience increase in motivation, accomplishment, and personal well-being ( Bandura, 1994). Those with a low sense of self-efficacy, on the other hand, often suffer stress and depression; unbelieving of their capabilities and often succumbed to failure (Bandura, 1994).