Colombia es un país ubicado en américa del sur, posee una extensión total de 2.129 .748 km² entre territorio continental y aguas marítimas, cuenta una variedad de pisos térmicos dando paso a un clima tropical que favorece la gran biodiversidad de microorganismos, vegetales y animales presentes en el país.
Actualmente la demanda de alimentos, especialmente de productos cárnicos y lácteos se ha elevado rápidamente gracias al gran ascenso que tiene la población mundial, es por esto que se deben generar estrategias para producir animales que posean características adaptativas de gran importancia, como tolerancia al calor y la humedad, resistencia a ciertas enfermedades infecciosas, alta eficiencia reproductiva y longevidad, lo cual incrementara su valor como recurso genético (López et al., 2001; Pinzón, 1984; Vásquez, 2005).
Por tal motivo la implementación de las razas criollas colombianas se vuelve una herramienta fundamental para lograr aumentar y mejorar la producción cárnica y láctea. Actualmente el censo poblacional del ganado bovino en Colombia según el Instituto Agropecuario Colombiano (ICA) se encuentra distribuida en 496.554 predios y constituida aproximadamente por 23.008.253 animales, principalmente en los departamentos de Antioquia, Córdoba, Casanare, Meta, Cesar, Santander, Caquetá, Magdalena y Cundinamarca que agrupan el 65% de la población total nacional.
Dentro de las razas criollas colombianas se encuentran según Martínez en el 2.004: Romosinuano (Romo) y Costeño con Cuernos (CCC) en la Costa Atlántica, Blanco Orejinegro (BON) y Chino Santandereano (Chino) en la zona montañosa, Hartón del Valle (Hartón) en el valle del río Cauca, Casanareño, San Martinero en la Orinoquía y el Caqueteño en la zona amazónica d...
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Laliberte, Richard. "Growth Hormones in Beef and Milk." WeightWatchers.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. .
There are several factors that go into deciding whether products can be considered safe for consumption. One process in deciding for dair is SCC, or Somatic Cell Count. The SCC is a count of all the white blood cells existing in milk products. If a certain number is reached, the milk is considered infected. An article entitled Somatic Cell Count- Milk Quality Indicator states, “A threshold SCC of 200,000 would determine whether a cow is infected with mastitis… Cows infected with a significant pathogen have an SCC of 300,000 or greater” (“Somatic Cell Count”). It is also stated that in Europe, “milk with an SCC of more that 400,000 is deemed unfit for human consumption” (“Somatic Cell Count”). While 400,000 is considered unsafe in Europe, The United States Department of Agriculture allows for “Grade A milk shipments” to have a maximum SCC of “750,000 cells/mL” (“Determining U.S. Milk Quality”). It’s questionable what actually is safe for consumption. No mammal other than humans consume milk after infancy, and especially not from other mammals. Needed calcium is easily obtained through consumption of various vegetables and nuts. People just aren’t meant to drink milk. Dairy is the most common food allergy out there. A concept easy enough for kids to understand, an article from Kidshealth.org explains to lactose intolerant children, “[Y}our body starts making less lactase when you’re around 2 years old” (“Lactose Intolerance”). Because at 2 years of age, a person is no longer an infant, and therefore the body thinks that a person isn’t going to be drinking milk anymore. Dairy consumption can even lead to cancer. In an article entitled Milk and Prostate Cancer: The Evidence Mounts it is stated that “Major studies suggesting a link between milk and prostate cancer have appeared in medical journals since the 1970s” (“Milk and Prostate Cancer”). One of these studies indicated that “frequent dairy could increase
Vicuna, Ivan. (1990). “Biografia de Jose Maria Velazco Ibarra.” Quito, Ecuador. Editorial Atlantis Cia. Ltda.
“Feed costs accounted for the largest share of milk production cost at 65 to 75 percent at operating cost and 33 to 50 percent of total economic cost” (McBride, 2009, p.39).
The commercial beef cattle industry is one of the strongest agricultural industries in the United States of America. Since the late fifteenth century, cattle have dominated the North American continent, especially the United States. Much has changed, however, since their first arrival to America. Breeds have evolved and practices have improved. Possibly one of the only things that has not changed is the hard work, time, and effort that the American farmers and ranchers spend each day tending to their herds. There is around 89.3 million head of cattle in America and about 315.1 million people. That means that for approximately every four people in the United States, there is one beef cow. Beef cattle help expand our nation’s relations by providing exports. Some of our top export markets include Canada, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, and Hong Kong (Field, Thomas G.). An in-depth study of the commercial beef cattle industry reveals an industry overview, production and marketing phases, and products of beef.
... 80%. This solution, however, is considered too expensive and impractical to the cattle industry, and as a result is going unrecognized (Pollan 82). The food system is more concerned with profit, production, and efficiency, and this is why very little has changed in the last few decades. Although profit is a validly arguable for many people, the means in which to gain a high profit has become extremely unethical and hazardous to the general populations health.
Straus, Nathan. Disease in Milk. 2nd ed. New York: E.P. Dutton and Company, 1917. Print.
In the genetic modification of food, a technique called transgenesis is used. It involves incorporating foreign DNA, or desired gene into the organism that is being manipulated. DNA is a long molecule with a double helix structure, present in essentially, all living organisms. It consists of subunits called nucleotides, and has the ability to self-replicate. Organisms that undergo transgenesis are transgenic. A range of techniques is available to transfer genes between organisms. The most common include microinjection and vectors. However, for the genetic modification of food, vectors are the most appropriate method for transgenesis. The most common technique for using vectors is th...
Since World War Two, the demand for convenient food, ethnic foods, and fresh fruits and vegetables has risen as a result of increases in income and the prevalence of dual-income families, together with the desire for food variety and healthy foods. The agriculture industry works and develops to meet these demands. Into recent times, societies share a growing concern regarding the environment, climate change, food safety, and animal welfare. Pertaining to agriculture, these concerns question issues such as soil and water conservation practices, use of pesticides and chemicals in crop production, growth promoters, and livestock treatment practices in animal agriculture. However, the industry’s scientists continue to work and research ways to balance the industry and bring environmental and economic
Many factory-farmed animals have been genetically mutated to produce higher quality goods such as beef and eggs.
Lafourie, J. (2012). Agricultores muy asustados por TLC con Estados Unidos. Dinero.com. Retrieved from http://www.dinero.com/negocios/articulo/agricultores-muy-asustados-tlc-estados-unidos/151296
Wagner, C. L., Anderson, D. M., & Pittard III, W. B. (June 1996). Special properties of human milk. Clinical Pediatrics , p 283.
“The major uses for transgenic farm animals are as bioreactors to produce useful pharmaceutical products.” (Klug, 398) This is very useful in today’s day and age because this could potentially reduce costs in the pharmacy industry.
Diskin, M. G. (201). Fertility in the High Producing Dairy Cow (Vol. Volume 2). BSAS.