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gender binary system
the practice of statistics
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The HDI (Human Development Indicator) was defined by the United Nations to describe the level of development in its member states. Each state has a specific HDI depending on certain aspects in that state such as education, literacy and life expectancy. The total fertility rate of a state is not one of these aspects; however, through statistical analysis, it is believed that “fertility rate is intimately linked with a country’s economic and social development” (Yong). This inverse correlation can lead to further conclusions about gender codes, and how the idea of gender came to be. The concept of gender roles is inversely related to the human development indicator of a country or tribe, which includes the total fertility rate, and the level of human life development. Furthermore, the area/time period that will be observed for this study will be Damascus since its pre-Islamic days. Therefore, the stereotype assuming that women are domestic or inferior to men dates back to historically high fertility rates in underdeveloped populations and the favoring of women for their reproductive abilities.
A country has to have an HDI level within a certain range in order to be considered within a specific level of development. The levels are an MDC (More Developed Country), an LDC (Less Developed Country) and a Developing Country. We can observe ourselves and our history and clearly see that humans develop over time. This means that at some point, an MDC was at the same level of development as a current LDC. As stated, the average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime is inversely related to a country’s HDI. In order to prove this correlation between the HDI and the total fertility rate, we can observe the fertility rates o...
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Qurayshi, Mohammed A., Dr. "The Bahai Truth." The Bahai Truth. The Bahai Truth, 10 Sept. 2010. Web. 03 Dec. 2013.
Tempel, Melissa Bollow. "It's OK to Be Neither: Teaching That Supports Gender-Variant Children." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 21 Dec. 2011. Web. 02 Oct. 2013.
The Codes of Gender (2009). Dir. Sut Jhally. Perf. Sut Jhally. Films For Action. Sut Jhally, 2009. Web. 19 Sept. 2013 .
The World Bank. Fertility Rate, Total (births per Woman). Data.worldbank. World Bank, 1944. Web. Nov.-Dec. 2013.
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. "List of Countries by Human Development Index."Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Nov. 2013. Web. 02 Dec. 2013.
Yong, Ed. "Science Blogs." Not Exactly Rocket Science. Science Blogs, 05 Aug. 2009. Web. 03 Dec. 2013.
Todd, Janet. Women and Film. Vol. 4. New York, NY: Holmes and Meier Publishers, 1988.
Andoni, Lamis. "Iran's new activists seek life for women beyond the veil. (cover story)." Christian
Gender and the portrayal of gender roles in a film is an intriguing topic. It is interesting to uncover the way women have been idealized in our films, which mirrors the sentiments of the society of that period in time. Consequently, the thesis of this essay is a feminist approach that seeks to compare and contrast the gender roles of two films. The selected films are A few Good Men and Some Like it Hot.
Society has seen the male dynamic of superiority, designation as the “bread winner”, or head of household for centuries. Women were specifically assigned to the roles of wife, mother, and nurturer through the process of the sexual or gendered division of labor. However, that has not always been the case. Over centuries of change and shifts in economic development, the roles of women have changed to adapt to their specific roles in society. The status of the individuals in society was defined by sex, age, physical trai...
Progress and gender diversity varies significantly from country to country and tends to reflect how women are viewed in a region’s society. The gender gap index, which examines “the gap between men & women based on economic, political, education & health criteria”, is an effective measure to benchmark the national gender gap of each country. According to the Global Gender Gap report 2013 by the World Economic forum, the gap exists the most in Arab countries like Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain and many other countries. This paper will attempt to prove that this gap is mostly accounted to the prevalent cultural norms in the MENA region.
Barlas, A. (2002). "Believing women" in Islam. 1st ed. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Williams, Linda. "Film Bodies: Genre, Gender and Excess." Braudy and Cohen (1991 / 2004): 727-41. Print.
The Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979 created a lasting affect on the societal role of women through modern day Iran. Women in Iran before the revolution were not entirely treated equal to men, but despite some cultural perceptions of women being inferior to men, they had made progress to become socially equal under the Shah. Several misconceptions and theories have been published and studied to show the inequality of women versus men because of Islam. However, contrasting theories have also been made to show that inequality has little to do with the religion, but instead with the forceful nature upon which it was implemented in the revolution. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the Islamic and political history of Iran and its social implications over Iranian women.
The Women of the Middle East have played substantial roles for their corresponding countries since the advent of colonialism in the region. Middle Eastern women have worked in all types of fields including medicine, education, agriculture, government, private sector, and even defense. They have kept roofs over their family’s heads while their husbands were away in wars, or even in foreign countries to work in jobs that they could not find in their own countries. The roles of women in the countries of Yemen and Oman are no exception, but while they still find ways to contribute to their country, they care constantly stereotyped, discriminated, and ridiculed by men who are known and unknown to them. This paper will discuss the individual contributions of the women living in Yemen and Oman, and will discuss in further state laws and cultural norms that are affecting the women living in these countries today.
Freud makes a claim for the formation of femininity through his explanation of psychical development during child sexuality. He explains that he does not wish to give an account for who a women is but only how she becomes feminine from her bisexual tendencies. Freud femininity theory raises speculation since develops it within the context of masculinity. He claims a girl’s turning point in her sexuality is when she realizes she has been castrated and develop a penis envy. This raises concerns since it automatically places the male, at least the male organs, at a hierarchal advantage. Nevertheless, Freud’s theory can be justify within a social-psychological perspective, considering a girl is face with disadvantage and inequality from a social perspective which build in her a psychical inferiority which leads her to the conclusion that lacking a penis makes her inferior.
Some people might say that these movies provide entertainment and transport families into the lives of princes and princesses. Many critics have said that the films have amazing soundtracks and have detailed and interesting plots. Still, however entertaining the films may be, the way women are viewed and treated outweigh any enjoyment that a viewer could have. The subliminal lessons young women learn from these films have lifelong repercussions and negatively affect the female
Gender is defined as, “The social and psychological aspects of being male or female” (King 312). Gender is formed by two parts: The development of the physical body and the understanding of mental gender roles. Gender Roles are, “Roles that reflect the individual’s expectations for how females and males should think, act and feel” (King 313). Gender roles are behaviors that are considered to be socially appropriate for a specific gender. They define how males and females should interact with others. Gender roles are influenced by many things, including parents, teachers, television, movies, music, books, and religion. Gender roles and gender development are created and altered by a mix of cultural, cognitive and social areas.
Also, the film revealed women empowerment and how superior they can be compared to men. While demonstrating sexual objectification, empowerment, there was also sexual exploitation of the women, shown through the film. Throughout this essay, gender based issues that were associated with the film character will be demonstrated while connecting to the real world and popular culture.
In recent modern times, the Islamic faith and culture has been scarred by bad publicity and criticism worldwide concerning terrorism, fanaticism, and the treatment of women. All these issues have existed in most religions throughout time, but the treatment of women is different in which most other cultures and religions have minimized the issues and Islam, under its attempts to also end it, has failed to create a society in which the treatment of women is equal to that of men. The treatment of women, beginning from the time when they are born, to the time of their marriage, to the moment of their death, has not been equal to that of men despite the actions taken to end the injustice.
Many factors and components contribute to gender development in individuals. The following paper details four theoretical approaches-biological, interpersonal, cultural, and critical, and the role each play in determination of a human’s gender development. In addition, a brief explication of each theory is most significant as well as the most feasible in regards to gender development.