The purpose of this experiment is to determine the friction factors of three different types of piping: 1/8” Schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe, 3/8” Schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe, and 1/2” Type L copper pipe. Also, a characteristic curve of the MTH Model T31H Turbine Pump will be created and compared to the manufacturer’s data. In this experiment, we will learn how to manipulate the whole system including different types of fittings such as pressure gauges, rotameters, and electrical power meter. At the end of this experiment, we hope the results according to our measurements and calculations can be as close as the date provided by the manufacturer.
Theory section
In the whole system, we can obtain a mechanical balance as below.
∆P/ρ+〖∆v〗^2/2+g∆z+F_sys-w_s=0 (1)
where P is pressure, ρ is density, v is velocity, g is the gravitational constant, z is the elevation, Fsys represents frictional losses, and ws is the shaft work.
For the friction factor in the piping system, the frictional losses are given below.
F_sys=h_fs+h_ff+h_fc+h_(fe ) (2)
where hfs, hff, hfc, and hfe represent the friction losses due to skin friction, fittings, contractions, and expansions, respectively. Since the diameters of pipes are constants in the system, we can assume that the contraction and expansion losses are negligible. As a result, the equation (2) turn out as below.
F_sys=h_fs+h_ff (3)
The skin friction can be defined as the following equation.
h_fs=K_s v^2/2=4fl/D v^2/2=(2flv^2)/D=(32flQ^2)/(π^2 D^4 ) (4)
where f...
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Methods:
Run the system with only one pipe opened, and repeat for each pipe after waiting until steady-state. And run the system with all three pipes opened to test the full range of the pump flow. Record pump inlet and outlet pressure, piping system inlet and outlet pressure, flow rate through the pipe, flow rate through the recycle stream, and power consumption by the pump motor during the process.
Planned data collection and summary of expected results
At the end of this experiment, we will obtain the friction factors of three different pipes and the compared results. We will also get a pump characteristic curve and the compared result. In the graph, the horizontal axis is gallons per minute, and head in feet, BHP, NPSH, and the efficiency are the vertical axis. Finally, the expected results of this experiment are similar to the manufacturer’s data.
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