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Recommended: The Modernist Movement
Con la aparición humanismo renacentista, ser artista dejó de ser considerada una ocupación de carácter mecánico para elevarse a lo más alto de la jerarquía de las artes y ciencias. El ser ahora concebida como una actividad intelectual y liberal dio lugar a un nuevo interés por explorar los aspectos teóricos y conceptuales de su de la producción artística. Pero, el pensador de la época también se vio enfrentado ante la tarea de delimitar las fronteras de esta nueva categoría; ciertamente, el prestigio traía consigo exclusividad. Sin embargo, este proceso se complicó aún más cuando dichos pensadores encararon las formas artísticas –para ellos insólitas- que venían de o encontraron fuera de Europa. La inclusión de estas nuevas formas dentro de los límites de las artes liberales, inevitablemente, condujo a un punto de quiebre: ¿Qué es un arte liberal? y, ¿Existe tal cosa como arte liberal universal?
El humanista portugués Francisco de Holanda fue uno de los que abordaron este disyuntiva. En su texto Da Pintura Antiga (1548), De Holanda reflexiona sobre el proceso de creación artística; para él, es un emprendimiento intelectual porque la “primera entrada” es la “idea … imaginación y fantasía” que es invisible y mental y se tiene que encontrar luego un canal en la naturaleza para crearlo, para inventarlo en el plano físico (60). Él enfatiza la importancia de el momento de plasmar lo intangible –del primer contacto entre la idea y la realidad- pues para él determina su eventual valor y, por ende, su condición de arte liberal. Para De Holanda, el debujo, este primer contacto entre mente y realidad permite al artista dotar a su obra de “proporción y geometría … decoro y decencia”, cualidades que él considera son “la fuerza” sobre la cual...
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...strucción para lograr llegar al nivel grecorromano (236). También resalta el ingenio de los pueblos no europeos, en cuanto a materiales y formas nuevas de comunicar y de “declarar en ella [Pintura] sus conceptos (235). Parece que ambos autores hubiesen logrado identificar el proceso y los rasgos universales subyacentes, y primordiales, para producir arte liberal e intelectual. Sin embargo, la inclusión de diversos géneros –como escultura, pintura y agricultura- y de cierto nivel de variabilidad cultural –Asia, Europa y América- parecen efectivamente apuntar a un arte universal, el elitismo termina deslegitimizando cualquier estética disímil. Al valorar la idea como mando de Dios y la noción clásica de la belleza, se prioriza la precisión y la verosimilitud dentro de parámetros bien asentados y para dar paso a una jerarquía estética al que todo se tenia que ceñir.
The following paper will be comparative of the cultures and ideas of the Americans and the Spanish. It will be primarily referring to the paper “Lived Ethnicity: Archaeology and Identity in Mexicano America, by Bonnie J. Clark”. The similarities as well as the differences will be discussed. After the comparisons and contrasts have been established, there will be a prediction of what will happen when these two cultures meet and begin to interact with one another.
...critics eyes as it looks at a piece of work and where the eyes follow. Also that the space and time for the LC system, the function is only a basic framework and the division of visual arts are a medium in fundamental antiquarian. Robert’s defense is Arnaldo Momigliano perspective upon early-modern antiquarian to modern historian which is most historian would write in chorological order while antiquaries write in a systematic way. The other perspective is Historian find facts to discover and explanation in multiple ways and an antiquarian examines a research relations connected to the exact subject (The Map of Art History, 32). Overall Robert’s essay was really persuasive to me and it provide enough strong evidence where it convince me to agree with the idea of having art history and disciplines also societies to represents itself through order and classification.
Mexican civilization is very much affected due its contact. with France, New Orleans of the USA.”Design, style and gastronomy are expressions that show the vibe of Yucatan, sentiment relevance more than its personal kingdom.”(4).
In the early 1500's Mexico was submitted to a cultural change, when the Spanish people arrived to this country. The problem of transforming the lives and culture of the inhabitants of the New World under the influence of people from Europe that completely destroyed the order of existing things and brought in place new structures social-political, previously unknown achievements in the field of material culture and a new conception of the world woke long been the interest of researchers in different specialties within the social sciences, but especially the interest of ethnographers.The problems and the processes linked to complicated set of phenomena of acculturation came to be a subject of many considerations and scientific ...
The superficial form of light was fascinated during this period due to the thoughts of godlike sun or the truth of the Holy Spirit. The Baroque naturalism maintains the religious themes in its content. The elements of perception in the Baroque art are how we perceive the natural human figures in motion through space, time, and light. We present and analyze the extent of human actions and passions in all its degrees of lightness, darkness, and intensity. The scientific revolution also had a tremendous impact on art during this time.
Ernesto Guevara de la Serna the future Che Guevara was born on June 14 in Rosario in Argentina. At the age of two Che had his first asthma attack, a disease that he had to suffer with right up until he was shot to death by Barrientos’ troops in the forests of Bolivia.
Before you begin reading this paper, look through the appendix. Are you shocked? Disgusted? Intrigued? Viewers of such controversial artwork often experience a wide spectrum of reactions ranging from the petrified to the pleased. Questions may arise within the viewer regarding the artistic merit and legitimacy of this unorthodox artwork. However, art's primary purpose, according to Maya Angelou, “is to serve humanity. Art that does not increase our understanding of this particular journey or our ability to withstand this particular journey, which is life, is an exercise in futile indulgence” (Buchwalter 27). To expand on Angelou's analogy, because everyone experiences a different life journey, art is different to everyone. In other words, art is subjective to the viewer. The viewer creates his own definition of what is art and what is not art. Some may recognize the artistic value of a piece of artwork, while others may find it obscene. Some may praise the artwork, while others will protest it. Censorship is derived from these differing perspectives on artwork. Through censorship, communities seek to establish boundaries and criteria that limit an artist's ability to produce “proper” artwork. However, some artists choose to ignore these boundaries in order to expand the scope of art and, in their view, better serve humanity.
It is my contention that should the Mexican and even Latin American population ever decide to adopt the intrinsic and beneficial aspects of the Olmec culture that they once possessed, they would become a force to be reckoned with on the world’s stage. The fundamental strength of the Olmec was their ability to influence whole nations through trade, art, and religious beliefs. Not all of their ancient traditions should be allowed but modification of them in the world today would increase the stability, economic value, and overall utility of the people of Mexico and Latin America.
Power seems to reside outside or beyond the bounds of humanity. Rather than dipping into a world of universal forms or expressing a subjective interior, artists and their work are determined by the web of power relations in which they exist; literature is thus inescapably tethered to a continuum of socio-political concerns. Hegemony is the term most often used by Marxist critics to describe this continually renegotiat...
The European and Mayan civilizations had inverse experiences during the Classical era, but they were similar in some aspects. While the Mayans were basking in their glorious success as a civilization, the Europeans stood in their shadow. However, after the Renaissance Era, it was as if the Mayans stood in the shadow of the European revival. These two societies have a definite inverse relationship, in that while one was succeeding, the other was squandering. For example, the forward thinking of the Mayans and their knowledge of arithmetic and science was overshadowed by the revolutionary ideas created by European scientists, the fact that the Mayans had created a complex, and accurate calendar wasn’t nearly as celebrated as a European man who got hit by an apple.
This paper deals, in broadest terms, with the questions of how artwork is connected to the changes and dynamics that prevail in a society. To describe these changes, I will investigate how a specific type of art reflects its social content in contemporary societies. My analysis is carried out by closely looking at the Pop Art movement, especially with Andy Warhol, who has come to be known as one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. It will be argued that Pop Art managed to successfully articulate its time, and in so doing, it became a widely influential art movement whose effect is still very much existent in today’s world of art. In order to prove its claim, this paper relies on the theory of “the field of cultural production” by Pierre
In Miguel de Unamuno’s novella San Manuel Bueno, Martyr, readers learn about the life of Don Manuel, a Catholic priest secretly holding atheist beliefs and doubts in the afterlife. Despite these disbeliefs, Don Manuel works tirelessly to help his community and is regarded as a saint by all who meet him, hence the handle “San Manuel,” which literally translates to “Saint Manuel.” Don Manuel’s struggle and affiliation with sainthood receives further analysis and context from Francisco LaRubia-Prado, who parallels Unamuno’s novella to elements of Greek Tragedy and heroism. Drawing from Unamuno’s background with Ancient Greek playwriting and Sigmund Freud’s Totem and Taboo, LaRubia-Prado argues that Don Manuel should be seen as a representation of Christ and must suffer in silence in order to play the role of the dying, tragic hero that saves the
The aesthetic form may be “tentatively define[d] as the result of the transformation of a given content (actual or historical, personal or social fact) into a self-contained whole,”. Art, when created in accordance to the aesthetic form, is the channeling of an experience into a subjective format, i.e. a novel, a painting, a piece of music, or any of the many different art forms. The reality of an event is translated into the chosen medium, and in this sublimation of the event, it is modified in accordance to the “demands of the art form” and the subjective perspective of the individual. The re-presentation of this event serves to “invoke the need for hope- a need rooted in the new consciousness embodied in the work of art”. When an event or object becomes the subject of a piece of art, it is necessarily changed according to the restrictions of the art form, artist, and veiwer. This change creates a new reality in where the event may take on a new meaning, thus challenging the original content of the event. This meaning is further influenced by subjectivity of the
Thesis: The French Revolution transformed not only the French society, but also had a huge influence and marked impact on what the purposes of the arts and their expression were now, making profound changes in what they would supposed to be used for, in the form of the Neoclassic works of art that made their appearance prior to the French Revolution, in which very special emphasis is given to the patriotic, the nationalist feeling, together with a strong sense of self-sacrifice that should be present in every person’s heart.
Over the years many artists and art historians, such as Giorgio Vasari, Pablo Picasso, Paul Rand and Marcel Duchamp, have explored the definition of art. This essay will look at the opinions of these individuals and explore the concept of art by looking at various art movements, such as Dadaism and Cubism, which have influenced the definition of art, as we know it today. In this essay, I will also discuss the two elements of art; form and content, as well as how they are key to any discussion about what makes “good art” and “bad art”.