1) When examining the foreign policy of South Africa and the means with which they seek their objectives, the simple answer can be found in Chapter 7 of the National Development Plan (NDP), "South Africa’s foreign policy must be shaped by the interplay between diplomatic, political, security, environmental, economic and regional co-operatives dynamics that define early 21st century international relations '." (http://www.fes-southafrica.org/fes/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/A-Foreign-Policy-Handbook-ebook.pdf). South Africa 's strategy is one of concentric circles. Africa is in the inner circle, followed by the Southern Hemisphere, and finally then the northern Hemisphere and global multilateralism. South Africa strives to protect her national …show more content…
One of the main ways Nigeria has attempted to obtain this status is by making their foreign policy Africa centered. The Hon. Aja Wachukwu poised Nigeria 's foreign policy this way, "charity begins at home and therefore any Nigerian foreign policy that does not take into consideration the peculiar position of Africa is unrealistic" (https://www.modernghana.com/news/354264/nigeria-foreign-policy-1960-2011-fifty-one-years-of-concep.html). After its own independence and civil war, Nigeria put its foreign policy to practice and sent aid to other African nations who were throwing of Colonial oppression. Nigeria has also sent troops to Congo to assist the UN. An exception to Nigeria 's Africa centered foreign policy is its relationship and support of Israel. As mentioned, Nigeria has sent troops to support other African nations seeking independence. In an effort to assert its power, Nigeria continuously has military stationed around the Continent, especially in West Africa. Nigeria uses its military as a peacekeeping body in countries such as Sierra Leone and the Ivory Coast, invoking Pax Nigeriana through the ECOMOG. As well as being a member of ECOMOG, Nigeria attempts to assert its power by being a member of AU, ECOWAS, the Non-Alignment Movement, ICC, Commonwealth of Nations and OPEC (Nigeria 's oil makes it a prominent international figure and has at time caused conflict between Nigeria and their devolved nations like the
One person having tremendous influence over a few others is already significant. However, replacing these characters with countries, continents, and colonies can greatly further this dynamic. The race for imperial power that had run rampant in the 1700s and 1800s was still in effect at the turn of the 20th century. Around this time, Great Britain added another distant land to its growing number of colonies: the area now known as Nigeria. As with most of the results of colonization, dominant nations lasting impacts on the regions they took over, both positive and negative. Although the Igbo (or Ibo) people of Nigeria somewhat benefited from British imperialism in the fields of education and commerce, they suffered a massive sacrifice of their sense of culture and solidarity alongside other native tribes of Nigeria.
United States military involvement in Africa dates back to the Barbary Wars between 1801 and 1817,1 in which the U.S. Navy fought and won two separate wars with Tripoli and Algiers.2 Following the Barbary Wars, Congress passed The Act of 1819, which authorized the President to send armed vessels to conduct raids of slave ships belonging to U.S. citizens or residents off the coast of Africa.3 These missions continued between 1820 and 1823.4 Twenty years later, the U.S. was back in African waters again conducting naval demonstrations and shore landings designed to discourage piracy and slave trafficking.5 In addition to naval intervention operations, the Navy and Marine Corps conducted multiple missions in the late nineteenth century to protect U.S. interests in Africa and to retrieve kidnapped Americans....
...nturies of both its resources and its people; a continent dived by borders that suited foreign powers, leaving nothing but volatile power vacuums. Those who did somehow manage to receive an education were taught that their heritage and they themselves were inferior. Despite everything Africa has endured, there remains hope. Some form of stability is establishing itself in an increasing number of regions, including Nigeria, with Lagos becoming an economic powerhouse in West Africa. Across the continent more and more economic development projects are being funded by African banks.
South Africa was positively affected in the way that before the Dutch and British, South Africa had been split up into many different tribes, who though they were free were not united. Through the centuries of hardship South Africa came out of apartheid very strong and the ANC has maintained a popularity of 60% popularity for all the elections since 1994. Economically South Africa has blossomed and is the 2nd largest economy in all of Africa and has managed to triple its GDP even though it has been less than 30 years since it has left apartheid, established democracy and freed itself from many international sanctions. South Africa’s economy still has many issues though for it is still an underdeveloped country which suffers from lack of education, employment, and crime. Socially South Africa remains strong as it is united under one goal of making its nation once again great, and it has maintained its heritage and culture. In fact, a quick look at a South African site will show many articles and memorials, of days in the past remembering the struggle for freedom. Politically, South Africa has remained strong and united with the ANC still carrying the vast majority of the votes and uses a governmental system quite similar to ours with a separation of powers and a thriving democratic system. Luckily, political diversity has also started to appear with many other groups appearing making the most out of South Africa’s democracy and all of which pledge freedom and are led by native
Africa used to be a convenient battlefield between two global superpowers,the United States and the Soviet Union. In the cold war era, the continent was not taken seriously by the superpowers. However, different from the previous time, the African continent now is regarded as a vital battlefield due to its energy resources and other raw materials. China, India and the United States and other powerful countries are in the scramble for Africa (Volman, 2009). New emerging powers such as China are challenging and even usurping the western hegemony in Africa. In this paper, it will firstly introduce the formation of new scramble for Africa. Following this, it will take china’s oil hunger in Angola for example, to analyze the rise of China in Africa. Then it will analyze how the United States – symbol of Western Hegemony – respond to China’s threaten to it what it had done in Africa to solid supremacy in the continent. Finally, it will compare China’s activities with American measures taken in Africa, and find out how China is challenging Western Hegemony in Africa.
New Imperialism disrupted the organic growth of the African continent by forcefully claiming the territory of indigenous people, exploiting their land and natural resources, and imposing slavery among other exploitative institutions - for the sole purpose of economic prosperity of the colonizer. The conception of Nigeria is purely British, before the Scramble for Africa in 1881 the continent was made up of dispersed nation states that had existed for centuries undisturbed by external actors. Imperialist powers created arbitrary borders within the continent that did not account for the cultural and ethnic make-up of these indigenous nation states (Ifejika and Nwankwo
Nigeria has been fondly termed the 'Giant of Africa' and it is expected that as a giant, Nigeria should not only be the voice of Africa, but should be a big brother to the rest African-states. Present experience and occurrences however points away from the "Giantness" of Nigeria. A giant that has come to be relegated to the background, whose economy has continuously weakened and whose political climate cannot be used as a prototype or model for other African states to follow. It therefore begs the question, what happened to the great giant? Did the giant fall? Has the giant turned to a toddler? Is the giant sleeping? Oh! the giant is crippled. It is now understandable why Osaghae thinks the giant has crippled. If the giant has not crippled, why hasn’t the giant taken its place? Shouldn’t the giant be in charge and be dominating? The questions become endless. Little surprise Osaghae submitted that
Petersson, Lennart. Post-Apartheid Southern Africa: Economic Challenges and Policies for the Future: Proceedings of the 16th Arne Ryde Symposium, 23-24 August 1996, Lund, Sweden. New York City: Routledge, 1998.
Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country. Throughout the 1700 and 1800’s many powerful countries such as Britain, France and Spain took part in the Scramble for Africa which is one of the largest scales of Imperialism. Many people believe that the nations which were imperial colonizer owe reparation to the people and countries they colonized. Nations that were imperial colonizers owe reparations to the people and countries they colonized. This is especially true in the case of Nigeria and other African countries that were colonized during the Scramble for Africa.
Nigeria was colonized by the world leader at the time; Britain, and was claimed as a colony in 1914. Although both Britain and the Royal Niger Company had been claiming parts of Nigeria as a protectorate, their control over Nigeria was achieved through both peace treaties and military actions. Europe didn’t officially recognize Britain’s control over Nigeria until after the Berlin Conference which gave Britain full right to Nigeria, and Britain hastened to forcefully control the area after civil war in Nigeria over the slave-trade threatened to disrupt their interests. Britain was interested in the palm-oil trade of Nigeria, which was controlled by The Royal Niger Company along the Niger river. Once Britain claimed Nigeria, it set about
Boko Haram a Nigerian terrorist organisation, that protests against western education in Northern Nigeria and venturing into many other North African countries. It is considered to be a freedom fighter group by only the most extreme of Muslims, as they believe that Western Culture is a sin. The International Criminal Court established in Netherlands has accused Boko Haram of acts against humanity. Could what Boko Haram be doing be ‘legal’ in terms of their religion, they are extreme Muslims and are firm in their beliefs. Islam is a very powerful religion and is controlled by Allah (god). Doing what Boko Haram has done, for them it feels right and they serving the one and only.
According to Samuels in Case Studies in Comparative Politics, Nigeria began as a group of states and empires, which were conquered by the British Empire who ruled Nigeria through indirect rule with varying degrees of rule in North and South Nigeria (Samuels, 323-326). Since they were granted independence in 1960, three republics have been created and each has ended by military rule, which led to the creation of the fourth, and current republic in Nigeria. In the current regime Nigeria’s GDP is ranked 108 of 156 and has been decreasing, lower than some of the non oil-producing nations in Africa (“Nigeria”).
Nigeria, an African country on the Gulf of Guinea, is known for its natural landmarks
Marks, Shula, and Stanley Trapido. "South Africa Since 1976: A Historical Perspective." South Africa: No Turning Back (1988): 1-45. Print.
The liberation of Africa was a slow, often violent, process. The continent, having been torn apart by colonial powers was fraught with ethnic and tribal divides. This made liberation movements complicated because of the necessity for non-existent nationalization. In most countries this caused the movement towards liberation to be a violent struggle, often resulting in war, mass murder, and in one instance, genocide. Even in some of the semi-successful transitions, warlords or autocratic dictatorships. The liberation of the Congo is one such example. Few countries were able to transition fully without violence or major issues. The country of Ghana was the first to gain independence in Africa, also being one of the only successful liberation