This assignment focuses on the impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China. Inasmuch as this assignment will explore factors that make China an attractive FDI destination; it will also examine positive as well as negative impacts of FDI on the Chinese economy. Inclusive in this assignment will be an evaluation of positive and negative impacts of FDI on the economy of China, coupled with a discussion on corporate social responsibility (CSR).
UNCTAD (2003) defines FDI as
… an investment involving a long-term relationship and reflecting a lasting interest and control by a resident entity in one economy ([the] foreign direct investor or parent enterprise) in an enterprise resident in an economy other than that of the foreign direct investor... (UNCTAD 2003: 231).
While the above definition reflects on what FDI is; the justification for choosing to explore FDI in China is drawn from multiple studies that also explored FDI in China. Evidence from Shan, (2002) suggests that at provincial level, labour quality, market size, average wage, and level of infrastructural development make China attractive. A study that sought to explore FDI determinants, in Guangdong province of China using firm micro-level data Ng and Tuan (2003) found that quota effects, firm size and transaction costs were significant factors for locational choice by foreign investors. The justification for choosing China is also drawn from a research by Fung et al., (2002) which revealed that United States direct investments in China are influenced by local market demand, whereas Hong Kong investments in China are in influenced by labour costs.
Fundamentally, a discussion of FDI calls for consideration of globalization because economies are inextricably...
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China’s trade with the world grew substantially in the first three decades of the 20th century, marking a historic time for the country. In the 1840s, the Chinese economy was strongly closed; however, when Great Britain and other powerful countries pressured their economy, China was willing to open international trade within their own economy. Over the next 60 years, China experienced a small opening of trade amongst other foreign powers, allowing transactions amongst foreigners allowed. The funded railroad aroused industrialization, as well as publicity and overseas shipping (Yan, 2014). The main reason for moderation in China is because they are so much more focused on production rather than consumption. Last year, China’s consumption accounted for 35 percent of their economy; a little over 10 years ago, it was rated that 50 percent accounted for their overall consumption (Reich, 2010). Foreign exports and imports arose dramatically, increasing the yearly expansion rate of trade to about 7.4 percent. The Chinese economies share in world trade grew a little under 2 percent from the late 1800s to the mid 1900s. By the early 20th century, comparative advantage was presented all throughout their economy (Yan, 2014).
I found this article "Foreign direct investment: Companies rush in with the cash" on the financial times website (www.FT.com) published December 11, 2002 written by John Thornhill. The reason for choosing this article is my personal interest in the Chinese economy and its attractiveness to the foreign investors. Apart from the foreign direct investment this topic has also helped me in understanding the impact of Chinese economy on the global market.
National economics are often adversarial in nature, a global contest where countries seek to gain advantage over their neighbors, all in the name of wealth and gain. America is no stranger to the game; the U.S. has been the world’s economic leader for the better part of a century. China, however, is the leading contender for the economic top-spot (), and America continues playing directly into China’s hand. America’s current trading posture with China is drastically skewed in China’s favor; if America is going to preserve its position as the leading economic power, existing U.S.-Chinese trading agreements will need to be revised, and additional regulations must be introduced to promote balanced dealing.
...ing at both case studies, it can be seen that when foreign businesses try to enter a market like China, it is very important to study not only the culture norms of the consumers but also the business ethics of the country. By looking at Wal-Mart’s success it can be seen that because Wal-Mart has started changing its ways in approaching it consumers has lead it to being able to open more stores throughout China. Such as selling goods that are more common or need in a certain province than in others. While for Home Depot, the reason it was not successful was due to its approach to the Chinese consumers. Due to it already having its ideal of what kind of retailer it was, made it harder for them to cater towards the Chinese shoppers. This is partially due to the reasoning that Chinese consumer ethics and shopping styles are different of those here in the United States.
Since China joined the WTO in 2001,which has significantly further opened up the massive Chinese market for foreign investments and trading. China has witnessed a remarkable economic growth and due to its huge population, China has become a major player in the world economy. Furthermore, China has a huge potential consumer market due to a dramatic expansion of the middle class in China (KPMG, 2004). Therefore, China appears to be one of the most attractive markets for many multinational companies (KPMG, 2004). Since 2003, China has become the biggest target country for international investments following by the United States (KPMG, 2004). In addition, China has recently further liberalized the government regulations and restrictions toward foreign business operation in China. These basically allow foreign firms to pursue their preferred entry mode choices. However, the Chinese market is heterogeneous, large, complex and not easily accessible (MOFCOM, 2013). Therefore, the choice of the entry mode is significantly considered as a frontier issue in the international marketing (Root,
Fogel, G. K. (n.d.). BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN CHINA: ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CULTURAL FACTORS. Retrieved from http://business.usi.edu/abe/2010/Fogel-2010.pdf
The massive increase in the Chinese trading relations was fueled by the United States in the year 1979 through the normal trade relations between the two countries. In addition, the Chinese non-concession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the year 2001 also facilitated its trading activities with different countries including the United States (Kaplan, 57). However, trading relations with the Chinese have been uneasy resulting from the massive trade imbalances in the recent past, which grows exponentially. The protectionist policies of the United States especially in Washington and Beijing have been putting pressure on the Chinese to revalue their currency as well as protecting it from counterfeits, which may be of adverse effects to the trading relations. This paper gives a comprehensive discussion on the foreign trade relations with china. It further gives an elaborate discussion on the impacts of foreign tr...
Globalization Phase, companies were known locally, regionally and internationally, their products were already improved offering innovative services. However, as The Economist (2007) has highlighted, while more global the companies are more aware of corporate social responsibility they need to be, namely, foreign stakeholders will expect, not only innovative and effective products, but also they will open their doors and invest their money to companies that are social responsible.
In the year 2007, China and India ranked first and second respectively in the list of ideal foreign direct investment (FDI) destinations, according to A T Kearney, a global strategic management consulting firm (The Press Trust of India Limited, 2007a). The two nations, because of their similarities in geopolitical, economic and demographic aspects, are often compared with each other. To determine which one is more attractive for businesses to expand to, this essay will examine the business environment of both countries from the following perspectives: political/legal, economic, socio-cultural and technological.
By definition foreign direct investment is the acquisition of tangible assets such as machinery, land and factories; this type of investment are often between two companies- usually multinationals from different countries. FDI is one of the benefits of globalisation as it has a direct impact on aggregate demand having a follow on effect on technology, job opportunities and increased intellectual property owned by countries. In this essay I will discuss some of the factors that affect a country’s disposition to gaining foreign direct investment.
Since China joined the World Trade Organization last year, it has become the third largest supplier of goods and services imported to the United States. Many U.S. companies are complaining that China is selling the items below cost and want Congress to impose duties. They accuse China of breaking the free-trade agreement that it made when it joined the WTO. Trade expert, Gary Hufbauer, says, “It is just a matter of time before we have a repeat of the Japan trade battles, but this time with China.”
We have seen since early 1980’s in the 2000s companies from all over the world have been investing trillions of dollars in China market. Recently we saw this demand nearly double with the last few years. Large numbers of corporations are leaving their home country and opening headquarters abroad in China. These companies include many types of industries but mainly, Software, Mining and Cosmetics industry, many big names such as Google, Microsoft and Apple also have their offices in China. Pepsi and Coca – Cola have also joined in on some of the profit. The question that is on everyone’s mind what are the reasons why foreign companies are moving to China. Thought this paper I am going to speak on the positive and negative effects we see from
...nce material of this article is limited, and cannot be discussed ‘why investment has become to a trend in China’ in depth.
Figure 1 shows the recent trends in FDI inflows of some developing countries. According to the UNCTAD report of 2011 China has the highest FDI inflows among all the developing countries like Hong Kong, Russia, Singapore, Brazil and India; because China has introduced FDI over 20 years ago and has progressively pursued foreign investment while adjusting its FDI policies. Since 1993, China has attracted the largest amount of FDI of all developing countries while increasing its levels of both exports and technological advancement
It is direct investment into production or business in a country by a company in another country, either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country. It means that when a country invest the money in the other country for the purpose of business or to earn more.