Like in any country the aim of health care in Finland is to maintain and improve people’s health and wellbeing, social security and work and functional capacity and also to reduce health inequalities. In Finland the health care system is based on pre-ventive health care and well-run, comprehensive health services. The Ministry of So-cial and Affairs and Health is responsible for social and health policy and also pre-paring the legislation in social and health issues. The law requires for example the status and rights of patients and the timeframes for access to care. The aims in Finn-ish health policy are mainly directed to health promotion and disease prevention and everyone is entitled to adequate social and health services. When the main responsi-bility of preparing and planning of social and health policy and services are for Min-istry of Social Affairs and Health, but municipalities are responsible for arranging and funding health care. (Health Services, 2013.) The health care expenditures in Finland was 9 % of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) at 2010 - 2011 (Terveydenhuollon menot ja rahoitus, 2011).
Health services are also divided in public health services and private health services, but from another point of view, there are three different health care system in Finland which receive public funding: municipal health care (public), private health care and occupational health care (private or municipal). The largest share of health care ser-vices is provided by the municipal health care system. (Vuorenkoski, Mladovsky & Moissalos, 2008.) National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health (Valvira) is nationally responsible for monitoring social and health care in Finland. Valvira monitors public and private social and he...
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Here is few examples from the laws which guides the health care system in Myanmar: Blood and Blood Products Law (2003), Traditional Medicine Council Law (2000), National Food Law (1997), Prevention and Control of communicable Diseases Law (1995) (Revised in 2011), Law relating to the Nurse and Midwife (1990) (Revised in 2002). (Health policy, legislation and plans, 2013). The one thing that paid my attention was that there was no law which determines the rights of the patient or the client.
Myanmar Ministry of Health maintains quite comprehensive website which includes much information about their health care system, services, law, policy and infrastruc-ture. And I thinks that the Myanmar Ministry of Health websites were much compre-hensive compared to Italian websites, maybe those would also be comprehensive for person who has a good knowledge of Italian.
Equality in health implies that ideally everyone should have a fair opportunity to attain his or her full health potential and, more reasonably, that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential. Based on this definition, the aim of policy for equity and health is not to eliminate all health differences so that everyone has the same level and quality of health, but rather to reduce or eliminate those which result from factors which are considered to be avoidable and unfair. To appreciate the importance of striving for equity in relation to health, it is necessary to be aware of just how extensive are the differences in health found in the world today. In every part of the region, and in every type of political and social system, differences in health have been noted between different social groups and between different geographical areas in the same country (Whitehead 2000). There is consistent evidence that inequalities in health result in disadvantaged groups having poorer survival chances, suffering a heavier burden of illness, and sharing a similar pattern of low quality of life
are pro’s and con’s depending on which health care system a nation chooses to adopt and implement. The United States health care system is not universal or mandatory yet it is among the top spenders on health care, however the quality of care delivered to patients is among the best in the world. Japan’s health care system is universal and mandatory and they are one of the lowest spenders on health care and are among the healthiest populations with low infant mortality and high life expectancy rates. The United States health care system and Japan’s health care system share similarities and differences which both have advantages and disadvantages for their citizens seeking health care.
National health systems are assessed by the extent to which expenditure and actions in public health and medical care contributes to the crucial social goals of improving health, increasing access to quality healthcare, reducing health disparities, protecting citizens from penury due to medical e...
National Health Insurance provides universal access to the country’s healthcare. Private facilities are able to run hospitals and clinics, and patients receive the same services for the same cost in both private and public institutions. The following services are offered: emergency health, perinatal health, pediatric health, rural health care, and post-disaster healthcare. There are 1,069 psychiatric facilities that provide nursing care and health resources. Primary Care allows doctors to prescribe psychotherapeutic medicines, but nurses are not permitted to independently diagnose mental
In the years that followed, numerous health acts were passed through legislative measures that sought to provide Finland’s residents with various types of public health care assistance. Today, the people of Finland are among the best cared for inhabitants of the planet. The str...
Denmark is a small high-income country with a high population density, is governed by a constitutional monarchy, has a central parliament and is administratively divided into regions, municipalities and has 2 dependencies (Greenland and the Faroe Islands) (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009). It has a national health service (funded by general taxation) and a decentralized healthcare system in which the individual regions run most services and the municipalities are responsible for some public health services (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009). However, a process of (re) centralization (under the structural reform of 2007) has been taking place, which has lowered the number of regions from 14 to 5 and the municipalities from 275 to 98 (Olejaz, Nielsen, Rudkjøbing, Okkels, Krasnik & Hernández-Quevedo, 2012; Schäfer et al., 2010). The hospital structure is also undergoing reform, moving towards fewer, bigger and more specialized hospitals (Olejaz, Nielsen, Rudkjøbing, Okkels, Krasnik & Hernández-Quevedo, 2012). Greenland and the Faroe Islands are independent in health matters but follow the Danish Legislation (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009). The National Board of Health (NBH) (based in Copenhagen) is responsible for the legislation concerning dentistry in Denmark (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009; Schäfer et al., 2010).
A country’s health care system refers to all the institutions, programs, personnel, procedures, and the resources that are used to meet the health needs of its population. Health care systems vary from one country to another, depending on government policies and the health needs of the population. Besides, health care programs are flexible in the sense that they are tailored to meet health needs as they arise. Among the stakeholders in the formulation of a country’s health care system are governments, religious groups, non-governmental organizations, charity organizations, trade/labor unions, and interested individuals (Duckett, 2008). These entities formulate, implement, evaluate, and reform health services according to the needs of the sections of the population they target.
Marmot in his famous article titled Social Determinants of Health Inequalities firmly stated that actions targeted to improve healthcare access should not be focused only on healthcare system but rather on the social determinants of health. Marmot reiterated that health inequalities, disparities and social determinants of health are totally preventable through more inclusive wider social policies. He insists that inequalities of health between and within geographical areas can be reduced through positive actions.3 And such actions should be focused towards improving the social determinants of health in all areas to give everyone equal access to healthcare services.2-3 Explaining that lack of healthcare access are driven by SDOH, Marmot further argues that health cannot be improved by itself alone, but by enhancing those factors that determine health.
Despite the established health care facilities in the United States, most citizens do not have access to proper medical care. We must appreciate from the very onset that a healthy and strong nation must have a proper health care system. Such a health system should be available and affordable to all. The cost of health services is high. In fact, the ...
The average Latvian’s health and the Latvian health system are inadequate to other countries’ standards. Environment is one factor that is playing for the health of these inhabitants, and the diseases, health system, and number of health related jobs play a large role in the future of the citizens of Latvia. Overall, surrounding European countries prove that the Latvian health system and the citizens’ health prove to be lower in standard than other health systems and people of European countries.
Although health care is a great public superior, it is not pure. However, it is not equally available to all individual. The health care is demanding public services that are continuously distributed throughout the world. The health care service is only available in certain areas. Therefore, only the the more financial and functional will be able to access it. Financial status depends on prices of a particular health care. Functional reflects the quantity and structure of the health care provided services.
Primary health care is the indispensable care based on the real – world, systematically sound, socially adequate technique and technology which made unanimously available to the families and every individuals in the community through their fully involvement where the community is capable to afford at a cost to uphold at every phase of their growth in the essence of self-reliance and self-government. Primary health care in international health is associated with the global conference held at Alma Ata in 1978; the conference that promoted the initiative health for all by the year 2000. “Primary health care defined broadly at Alma Ata emphasized universal health care across to all individuals and families , encouraged participation by community members in all aspects of health care planning and implementation and promoted the delivery of care that would be scientifically sound , technically effective , socially relevant and acceptable” (Janice E.Hitchcock,2003). Primary health care is commonly viewed as a level of care or as the entry point to the health care system for its client. It can also taken to mean a particular approach to care which is concerned with containing care, accessibility, community involvement and collaboration between other sectors. The primary health care policy has some principals that have been designed to work together and be implemented simultaneously to bring about a better health outcome for the entire society.
In Finland, Parliament decides on the legislation on education, funding and education policies. The Government and the Ministry of Education responsible for educational policy planning and implementation. Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Culture to determine education policy guidelines and strategic policies. The Ministry of Education oversees the entire state budget tied to educational opportunities and training in preparing legislation and government decisions. A key player in the national education policy implementation and development of education is the National Board of Education. (Opetushallitus 2013a.)
Switzerland is predominately known for its great health care, rated as best in the world. This is largely due to how it is organized. Reorganization began in the 1994 with the Federal Heath Insurance Act, which came effect in 1996. The system is basically organized into 26 cantons, which are equivalent to US states. Each canton is responsible for the health care of the people in that region and insurance companies operate on a regional basis (James). The government decides on what policies will be covered, and sets prices of the cost of medial charges (McManus). In addition, with in the system there is a complex way with how access, quality and cost are organized.
Poor Medical health care is something prevalent in many countries. Every family all over the world has suffered deaths due to poor medical healthcare and insurance. The decreasing in the quality of health services provided to the individuals and patients is Poor medical healthcare. Poor Medical Health care is a critical problem that has to end, as studies about it showed that adults in the United States receive half of the needed health care services (EA & RH, 2001), and not only adults but also all types of citizens including children, if this problem did not end deaths of people will significantly increase (Cecere, 2009). Poor Medical health insurance can end with the aid of many solutions that will be proposed within this research paper. Thus, poor medical health care as mentioned before is a detracted problem that has to end because it is the reason of many peoples’ deaths.