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Application of caregiver stress theory
Application of caregiver stress theory
Long term care research paper
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The term ‘carer’ is someone, who is providing an on-going significant level of care to a person who is limited by chronic conditions (DOH 2012). Caregiving involves from a short period of post-acute care to long term period of on-going care in accordance with the dependency level of care recipients. Family caregivers form the backbone of the social care delivery system by rendering an important proportion of their time and energy for the chronically ill or older adults (Angelo 2013). In fact, there are 164,000 older people with support needs in various communities across Ireland (TILDA 2012). Greater numbers of caregivers in Ireland are unpaid workers (89.5%), when compared to the 10.5% of paid carers (TILDA 2012). Most of the older adults need help from their close family members or friends, who spend a large amount of time interacting with their dear ones, while providing a comprehensive range of care activities. The provision of long-term care by family members has been found to be stressful in the sense of increased burden and anxiety (Neri et al. 2012). The difficulties, which resulted from multiple tasks leaves a personal strain on family caregivers, who often sacrifice their pastimes and own health needs for others (Angelo et al. 2014). In this study, the first part mainly focuses on the impacts of care giving as well as the needs of family caregivers. The second section will discuss the contribution of a gerontology nurse and the importance of education in the carer’s area of practice.
Majority of family caregivers performed nursing tasks for their beloved ones with chronic physical or cognitive conditions, which include managing poly pharmacy, helping with mobility devices, preparing special diets, performing wound c...
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...vers. American Journal of Nursing 111 (11), 52-8.
Plank A., Mazzoni V. & Cavada L. (2012). Becoming a caregiver: new family carers' experience during the transition from hospital to home. Journal Of Clinical Nursing
21(13/14), 2072-2082
Sahdia P., Val M., Robinson C. (2014) Does coping mediate the relationship between familism and caregiver outcomes? Aging & Mental Health 18 (2).
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This entails that the professional nurse provide not only ordinary but extraordinary care and support to make it possible for these individuals to achieve their requirements for self-care. Furthermore, the professional nurse judiciously and collaboratively partakes in the individual’s health care provided by the medical doctor. Dorthea Orem understood that individuals possess the natural capability of self-care, and nurses have a duty to place emphasis on enhancing that capability. Nurses who deliver direct care can support these capabilities by offering learning opportunities and teaching methods that enhance self-care activities, therefore contributing a positive and encouraging influence on the individuals and caregivers quality of
(Davidson, F. G.) Due to the nature of dementia being a neuropsychological disorder, those affected by the disease tend to look like they will not require much care, which, in reality, they often require more care than the caregiver originally expected, leading to stress and burnout. Another effect caused by this can be the caregiver blaming themselves by feeling like they are failing to give proper care, which, in reality, can often be very far from the truth. If the caregiver does not receive help from anyone else, the task of watching over the victim becomes a daunting twenty for hour task. Sometimes, the caregiver won’t be allowed quality sleep. Over 66 percent of home caregivers suffer from some form of psychological or physical illness. The most common illness that is resulted from giving care to Alzheimer’s disease is depression. The caregiver needs to monitor their emotional well-being as well as the well-being as the person that they are giving care to. Usually, giving care to those with dementia is actually more stressful than giving care to those with cancer. When the caregiver is a family member and not a professional, the emotional toll is often even greater. It is important for caregivers to remember that they need to take care of themselves first and
The Open University (2010) K101 An introduction to health and social care, Unit 1, ‘Care: a family affair’, Milton Keynes, The Open University.
Two potential barriers to the Patient-Family Centered Care model are time and patient/family expectations. Nursing is a demanding job that is known for it's fast paced and often hectic environment. While caring for several patients at a time, it might be difficult to make time to discuss and involve patients and their family in all aspects of their care. This could lead to the patient/family feeling left out or even lead to fear about why information if being kept from them. To address this barrier I will set aside time to spend with each of my patients solely dedicated to discussion about the care they are receiving as well as provide an opportunity to voice questions and concerns.
Mollie is the patient in our case study. Mollie lives with her daughter and son in law, both in their 70’s. A home health aide assists Mollie five days a week for three hours each day. At age 94, Mollie is an older adult, considered to be part of a vulnerable population, at risk for hearing, visual and mobility deficits. This at risk population can experience changes in cognitive or physical status making the activities of daily living difficult to perform (Meiner, 2011). As people like Mollie age, gradually becoming less able to function independently, their grown children, potential caregivers, may be preoccupied with the demands of their own lives and not prepared to care for an older
Caring for someone with significant health issues is an exhausting and stressful experience and it is hardly surprising that carers are prone to developing ‘burnout’. Observed in nursing, this phenomenon, described as ‘…a haemorrhaging of oneself for others’ is detrimental as stress over-load causes the cognitive and emotional responses to severely malfunction (O’Mahoney, 1983 cited in Farrington, 1997). Carers in this state of mind inevitably develop negative internalised and externalised feelings, including self-depletion, low self-esteem, limited energy, negativity and hopelessness (Taylor and Barling, 2004). A report conducted by Age UK highlights that 6 out of 10 carers suffer damaging conditions related to their mental health, including depression and lack of confidence. Furthermore, these feelings are often intensified by carers’ perseverance which aggravates existing disabilities, such as arthritis, crumbling spine, heart problems and cancer, and leads to further pain (Carers Trust,
Houde, S., & Melillo, K. (2009). Caring for an aging population. Journal Of Gerontological Nursing, 35(12), 9-13. doi:10.3928/00989134-20091103-04
Another focus for change is that over the years the demand for home and community care over hospital care has continued to grow, as stated by the Queens nursing institute “Recent health policy points to the importance of improving and extending services to meet the health and care needs of an increasingly older population and provide services which may have previously been provided in hospital within community settings”.
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., & Lynn, P., (2011). Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
The nurse is able to support the patient by providing education for self care techniques. Nurse researchers participate in and conduct research to help increase knowledge and improve current standards (pg 11). Florence Nightingale, the pioneer of evidence based practice, is an example of how nursing researchers have influenced patient care needs based on current health care evidence. The nurse is also an advocate who protects the legal rights of the patient making sure they understand and agree with the decisions about their health (pg 11). The collaborator role allows the nurse to work with all of the health care team to provide the best care possible for the patient (pg 11). The caregiver is the main role of the nurse, combining all the nursing responsibilities and duties together. As stated by Taylor (2011) “The provision of care to patients that combines both the art and the science of nursing in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, social cultural, and spiritual needs”. Using these roles, the nurse is able to treat patients with a variety of problems including those in hostile situations. Sometimes while treating patients or their families, nurses end up in a dangerous workplace
The nursing profession consist of different workflow designs to provide the appropriate care to our patient population. “Nursing models of care are developed to identify and describe nursing care” (Finkelman, 2016). While providing care for our patients it is important to render the appropriate care delivery model according to the type of patients you are serving within the community. They are many different approaches to providing care to patients and the care model design. Some model may include some aspect of the other nursing model depending on the situation. Some of the different models include “total patient care, functional nursing, team nursing, primary nursing, contemporary model and care and service team
Primary caregivers are given an opportunity to take care of their loved ones; however, this job comes with a lot of stress and its consequences (Tsai, 2003). Primary caregivers take care of those with a chronic illness such as a family member or friend, are given a task that is so immense that it induces a lot of stress. In the previous decades, many research articles have developed studies which focused on stressors that were associated with the task of being the primary caregiver; yet, a theory surrounding this topic has not been developed until the early 2000s. Tsai (2003) developed the Theory of Caregiver Stress based on the Roy Adaptation Model to identify the caregiver’s response, perceptions, and adaptations to the stress and burden that primary caregiver’s experience.
In health care, there are many different approaches throughout the field of nursing. When considering the field of family nursing, there are four different approaches to caring for patients. This paper will discuss the different approaches along with a scenario that covers that approach. The approaches that will be discussed include family as a context, family as a client, family as a system, and family as a component to society. Each of these scenarios are approach differently within the field of nursing.
Within the elderly community, the existence of activities and interaction with others creates an impact on the elderly daily living. As being a provider in a home health facility, there has been a substantial amount of complaints from family members due to the lack of socializing by their loved ones. When dealing with quality care of the elderly, relationships is a major form of communication that allows each individual the opportunity to express their emotions, and continue his/her consistency of motor skills. Relationships with others are normally formed in senior citizen centers, senior communities and/or with home health
The Theory of Caregiver Stress was a significant breakthrough for the reasoning of why caregivers are so deeply affected by this job. “The Theory of Caregiver Stress was derived from the Roy Adaptation Model to use as basis in understanding the relationships among caregivers and the stress faced when caring for a chronically ill relative” (Tsai, 2003). The Theory of Caregiver stress is a middle-range theory used to predict the outcome for stress and other various side effects (Dobratz, 2011). These adverse effects are predicted by: Demographic Characteristics, Burden in Caregiving, Stressful life events, Social Support and Social Roles. Also, because of the multitude of different scenarios and background for both the patient and the caregiver, these categories are necessary to compare and effectively use the results. The theory makes four main assumptions regarding adaption: “environmental change; the caregivers’ perceptions will determine how they will respond to the environmental stimuli; the caregivers’ adaptation is a function of their environmental stimuli and adaptation level, and lastly the caregivers’ effectors are results of chronic caregiving such examples include marital satisfaction and self-...