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2) The family and school risk factor for gang involvement is almost the same as those risk factors for juvenile delinquency. The more risk factors that the child possesses the more likely they are to join a gang. Family risk factors include single-parent households, dysfunctional family structure, sexual abuse, family violence, family drug/alcohol abuse, poverty, family members are involved with gangs, weak family bonds/structure, problems exist between child and parent, and sibling antisocial behavior. 3) The three models used to understand the relationship between delinquency and gang involvement are; selection model, which is when a delinquents’ antisocial propensities, that come from certain personality traits, self-select into gang involvement due to the fact that the gang lifestyle …show more content…
To release the youth but write up a field report to juvenile authorities. To release the youth, but file a formal report to the juvenile bureau or to an intake unit for possible action. To turn the youth over to juvenile authorities immediately. Refer the case directly to the court through the district or county attorney. Officers may also just counsel the youth, return them to their family, refer to social services for help or charged and processed by the juvenile justice system. I do think that the amount of discretion given to law enforcement officers in dealing with youth is appropriate. The officers need to have the alternatives or discretion to deal with each case appropriately. This is due to the fact that every case is never the same, some juveniles have prior records, their attitudes and family situations are different, the seriousness of the offense differs etc. For whatever the reason the officers need to have the right amount of discretion to handle the case that is in the best interests of both the juvenile and the
Some teens join gangs because they are antisocial and it gives them a feeling of belonging to something or being a part of something. Another factor that influences youth to join gangs is victimization. It has been proven that more gang members were abused at some point in their life (Howell, 2010). Children who come from broken homes are also more likely to join gangs. These children typically receive less attention from their families and so they look for that attention in other
These issues are of utmost importance, gang membership does not only present an issue on an individual level, but on a societal level as well. Gangs are well-known for their proclivity for violence, even to those who were simply in the wrong place at the wrong time. Youth gang crime is no longer limited to big cities; these problems have now spread beyond those boundaries into suburbs, small cities, and even rural areas (Spergel & Grossman, 1997). These organizations put us all at risk, and are a threat to public safety. Furthermore, these groups put our youth at risk and threaten to destroy their
The enhancement model proposed by Thornberry et al. (1993) best represents the relationship between gang membership and offending. Curry et al. (2014) explain this model, “individuals with elevated criminal propensity select into gangs, which in turn correspond to even greater criminal involvement while in a gang” (p. 81). Essentially this explanation or rather perspective is a blend of the other two Thornberry et al. (1993) developed. The reason for choosing this particular perspective to represent the relationship between gang membership and offending is the other perspectives are too extreme. The facilitation explanation proposes a perspective that illustrates joining a gang with no criminal history and shooting up to a high delinquency
Gang involvement has been quite higher than past years. The 2008 National Youth Gang Survey estimates that about 32.4 percent of all cities, suburban areas, towns, and rural counties had a gang problem (Egley et al., 2010). This represented a 15 percent increase from the year 2002. The total number of gangs has also increased by 28 percent and total gang members have increased by 6 percent (Egley et al., 2010). This shows how relevant gang related activity is in today’s society. More locations are beginning to experience gang activity for the first time. Gang crime has also been on the rise in the past...
1 – Question #1: (Ch 5) Child abuse intersects with the juvenile justice system in many ways including but not limited to - sexual abuse, child neglect, family violence, and internet exploitation. One of the most important issues to address when related to the juvenile justice system is child neglect. Child neglect can be defined as a juvenile under the age of 18 whose parental figure(s) and/or person responsible for the child’s well being not providing essential support, education by law, medical or remedial care necessary for the child’s health – shelter, food/water, clothing, etc. Neglect also comes in three forms 1) physical – e.g. lack of necessary shelter, food or water, medical care 2) emotional – e.g. the lack of emotional support or
Throughout the history in the article “Early in U.S. history, children who broke the law were treated the same as adult criminals” (1999) that was written by the Bulletin: Juvenile Justice, explains around the nineteenth century, young children at age seven who are accused for a dishonest behavior were to be imprisoned either with the adult or sentenced to death if found guilty on stand trial in criminal court offenses (1999).
The root of gang violence all begins at home and then spreads. A troubled teen may be lacking the love and attention from their parent whether it is because they work too much, or simply do not care. Then, the teen will result attending school and will begin to find that comfort in places that they can feel stability. According to Ramsey, Rust, and Sobel “girls tend to become involved in gangs for prosocial reasons […] [such as] robbery, […] shoplifting, and prostitution [while] male gang members tend to be involved in activities such as drug dealing and fighting.” Most people involved in gang activities can feed off a person’s vulnerability and use that to convince a person that it is ok to commit crimes. Finally, that teen will remain in that life style and probably involve others or can get out, but surely be affected by the past for the rest of their lives.
Given the scenarios of John Black, a fourteen years old boy who has been ordered to complete five years of probation and community based anger management program for the offense of possession of a firearm while on school property. After six months on probation and three months of course on anger management, John appears to have changes in his behaviors and appearance. John appears to have a tattoo between his thumb and his first finger that represents the symbol for the local gang. Furthermore, during a random routine drug test, John was tested positive for crystal meth and marijuana. In this paper, I will examine and identify the risk factors that are associated with drug abuse and gang membership by juvenile offender using information in the textbook along with my own ideas.
Drug and alcohol abuse is one of the most common physiological impacts triggered by gang membership. According to Cepeda and Valdez (2003) and Decker (2000), gang members are more prone into substance abuse considering it is often used by gangs in their activities and sometimes, it is used as an initiation rite for gang membership. Gangs and substance use have long been associated with one another as many gangs sell these substances within the black market. Studies indicate that gang members do indeed understand the risk of bad drugs, but they see marijuana as an acceptable substance considering they can still control their use of the substance unlike other illegal drugs (Decker, 2000, pp. 395-406). In female gang members or those affiliated to gangs, they would use occasional drugs and alcohol use in order to become in with their peers. The more they are connected to gangs, the more these females become enticed to use drugs or drink alcohol (Cepeda & Valdez, 2003, pp.
Police officers have a great amount of discretion. Since they are not always supervised and on patrol they choose which cases should be process and which one should just be not. Police discretion is the most important part because it determines the outcomes of the interaction between the police and the juvenile. Krisberg and Austin noted that police have five basic options in deciding what course of action to pursue with juveniles. The first one would be release, accompanied by a warning to the juvenile. The second one would be release, accompanied by an official report. The third one would be Station adjustment. Which include release to parent accompanied by an official reprimand, referral to a community youth agency, or referral to a public or private social welfare or mental health agency. Fourth would be Referral to juvenile court without detention and last referral to the juvenile court with detention.
Gang violence is a growing problem in this world. No parent would like to imagine their kids dealing with weapons or being threatened by them. These violence’s affects each child individually and their families as well. These gangs recruit multiple different individuals for many reasons such as bribery, family traditions, or even threatening. Although, many kids feel like they have to be a part of it but there are many resources out in this world to prevent them from believing so. Gang violence has been a problem in society for several of years and is a growing problem each and every day.
One of the reasons young people join street gangs is because of neighborhood disadvantages. A theory that can contribute to why young people might join street gangs is Social Disorganization Theory. Social Disorganization theory assumes that “delinquency emerges in neighborhoods where neighborhood relation and social institutions have broken down and can no longer maintain effective social controls (Bell, 2007).” Social Disorganization contributes to residential instability and poverty, which affects interpersonal relationships within the community and opens opportunities for crimes to be committed. The break down of neighborhood relation and social institutions create a higher likely hood that young people will affiliate with deviant peers and get involved in gangs. When there is lack of social controls within a neighborhood the opportunity to commit deviance increases and the exposure to deviant groups such as street gangs increase. Which causes an increase in the chances of young people joining street gangs. If social controls are strong remain strong within a neighborhood and/or community the chances of young people committing crime and joining gangs decreases.
According the Rogers (2013), there are causal factors at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels that can lead youth to engage in delinquent activity. At the micro level, the factors that predict delinquency involve: being male, low educational achievement, low impulse control, childhood aggression, antisocial behavior, and hyperactivity. At the mezzo level, family conflict, lack of family support and appropriate discipline, and negative peer pressure can be risk factors for juvenile. On a macro level, youth that live in poverty or in high-crime urban neighborhoods, and are exposed to violence at home and in their neighborhoods, have a higher risk of engaging in delinquent behaviors. Many poor urban communities often lack adequate schools, which can lead to poor academic performance and students disconnecting from
Stopping gang violence requires more than just the law enforcement in solving gang problems. Gang involvement among youths remains to be a prevalent problem to parents and society. It is often associated with violence and other criminal activities within the community. Though reasons remain to be varied, youth participation continues to increase through out the years. In seeking then to understand the motivation for youths joining gangs, it is essential to look at good family function, which promotes healthy development, as well as looking at how poor family function, is related to poor outcomes for youths. The questions to also keep in mind when it comes to family function is which aspects of parenting are risk factors to youths joining gangs as well as how can we help future families in decreasing those risks? Preventing youths from joining gangs in the first place is crucial in realizing on how to reduce youth gang activity. Which leads us to the question “can we stop gang violence?” My answer to this question is yes; we can stop gang violence with effective parenting. Although, school-based programs as well as community-based prevention programs may reduce gang violence, effective parenting stops gang involvement early on from childhood to adolescence.
There is no one certain theory, regarding juvenile delinquency, that can completely distinguish all the determining factors that makes youth turn to crime; although, the study of all these theories and ideas can bring criminologist one step closer to uncovering the truth about juvenile delinquency. Only the further understanding of juvenile delinquency can help the prevention of future juvenile offenders. This paper will focus on the individual factors of delinquency, as well as the social elements, and provide an explanation of how the combination of the two elements may cause children to engage in criminal activity.