This got me analysing the possible cause :
Whilst the growth of a fetus is an intrict interplay of maternal, placental and fetal factors, no commonly listed causes fitted this woman. Because it seems he had late onset growth restriction this is often due to placental insufficiency usually related to maternal disease. For example some maternal factors are: hypertension or PET, diabetes, malnutrition, infection, maternal age either very young or advanced maternal age, some fetal factors include chromosomal abnormalities or multiple pregnancy, some placental factors include abruption and previa. But Divina did not have any of these risk factors. placental infufficiency resulting in decreased blood flow may have been a cause, two placental factors might have been interplaying. The placenta on examination after delivery was small and there was an abnornal insertion of the cord – velamentous annd a thin umblical cord . whilst study by ebbing et al examined over 620,000 singleton pregnancies revealed the amount of velamentous insertions to only be 1.5% (Ebbing et al, 2013), Velamentous cord insertions have been found to be associated with impaired fetal growth (Raisanen et al, 2012) and as a whole abnormal cord insetions are
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An Australian and New Zealand study examining the occurance of hypoglycaemia in 514 at risk infants showed half the neonates became hypoglycemic with babies of diabetic mothers having the highest rates, following by late pretermers, then small for gestation age infants, then finally large for gestaional age infnts (Harris, Weston & Harding, 2012). As we know newborns are at risk of hypothermia, hypoglycaemia and hypoxia, but Divina’s baby was more so due to a multitude of factors including a further reduction in subcutaneous fat and glycogen stores than those of a healthy term neonate (Pairman et al, 2015), this was a discussion I had with Divina
condition. Birth weight is the first weight of fetus obtained after birth. But this is a final result of long process which is accomplished by maternal nutrition. Unless child is a preterm baby (born before the end of 3rd trimester) he/she should be averagely more than 2,500g of weight to consider as normal (WHO, 2000).This is not only a risk for under developed or developing countries but affecting to developed countries as well. There are numerous factors affecting this adverse situation. In this document
Preeclampsia Tiffany McClure Southern Utah University Disease Introduction Preeclampsia and eclampsia are mysterious aliments affecting about 5-8% of all pregnant women (http://www.preeclampsia.org/health-information/about-preeclampsia). Symptoms of preeclampsia do not usually appear until 20 weeks gestation. Hypertension and proteinuria are the first two clinical signs confirming a diagnosis of preeclampsia. The disease is a multisystem, vasospastic disorder causing reduced organ perfusion with
damage caused by alcohol in the fetus, abstinence from alcohol at conception and during pregnancy is strongly recommended (Paoletti et al., 2013). Pathophysiology When alcohol is consumed by a pregnant woman, it crosses the placenta and rapidly reaches the fetus. There have been many studies, which have shown equivalent fetal and maternal alcohol concentrations, suggesting an unrestrained bidirectional movement of alcohol between the 2 compartments (Vaux, 2012). The fetus appears to depend on maternal
Although there are many factors that affect the development of the fetus, research on the specific effects of prenatal maternal stress and the resulting negative outcomes for the development of the fetus will be reviewed. While there is knowledge of these harmful effects in scientific and medical communities, researchers are still in the midst of discovering the results of these negative effects on human development. An overall review of the literature suggests that this topic is still relatively
causing side effects. When a woman drinks alcohol while being pregnant, it can cause some physical and mental damage to the fetus. When a fetus is affected by alcohol exposure, it is called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). If the affects are severe, it is then termed Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). The abnormalities occur in the central nervous system, facial structure, growth, and neurobehavioral development of the child. Severity of the damage depends on the amount of consumption, frequency, and
a child in the womb. There are many divine processes that take place during gestation, but there are also many contributing factors from the mother that can affect the developing human. These factors may include what a woman ingests and exposes her embryo or fetus to. Sadly, alcohol use during pregnancy is an ongoing problem that can have detrimental affects on the fetus, including Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Choosing to drink alcoholic beverages during pregnancy is a choice, a risky choice
Malnutrition impacts the development of a fetus into a young child because it has a harmful effect on their cognitive development as the child becomes older. Malnutrition can be defined as lacking proper nutritional value and not eating enough food which is needed for a body to function properly. I believe malnutrition of a fetus, eventually born into a child, will indefinitely make a negative impact on a child’s life mainly due to not receiving the right nutrients and supplements needed to develop
There are many factors that are integrated into the successful development of a child from Prenatal growth into toddlerhood. Teratogens (outside factors) have a great impact on the babies’ inutero development. Some outside factors like second-hand smoke, smog, or fumes from cleaning chemicals can cause negative effects on the child inside the womb. A few major affects from teratogens could result in low birth weight, head circumference, slow physical growth as well as an effect on mental, behavioral
8) and the fetal period (week 9 up to birth). The germinal period involves the first two weeks after conception and is characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation (Berger p 57). The embryonic period includes the growth of crucial
read the genes. Epigenetic change is a regular and natural occurrence but can also be influenced by several factors including age, the environment/lifestyle, and disease state. The word ―program‖ demonstrates the notion that the environmental stimuli received during critical periods of early fetal development can generate permanent changes in body structure and function, ultimately affecting the homeostasis
later be diagnosed with chorioamnionitis (4). Nevertheless the addition of PROM increases the chances of acquiring chorio during pregnancy. PROM it is the most easily identifiable risk factor for the condition, along with vaginal bacterial abnormalities, meconium stained amniotic fluid, prologued labour and other factors that make the mother susceptible to
Development is something happens across the lifespan, from infancy to old age. The constant debate within developmental psychology is what influences a person’s development more: their environment (nurture) or their genes (nature). Although it is easier to pick a side, it is important that one realize that both areas affect a person’s development. This paper will focus on the how both environment and genes work together to influence an infant’s development. Even before a baby is born
The human development consists stages of transformations in an individual throughout their lifespan, the distinct physical difference in growth of physical body reaching to up to the prime phase of physical development and afterward disintegrating gradually till death, and the advancement of cognitive ability during several distinctive physical stages. Furthermore, the human development incorporates a change in various aspects of life in physical, emotional, cognitive, spiritual, etc. The human development
physiological functions, growth of uterus and provision of a supply of nutrients and oxygen through the formation of the placenta; these processes are amongst the earliest events to occur during embryogenesis. The following discussion paper will give a brief description of the multiple myeloma. It will then discuss about the history of thalidomide, its pathogenesis, usefulness and side effects on embryo and foetal development. Also, it will discuss about the factors affecting teratogenicity, diagnosis
There are many possible reasons why a child may grow slowly, including: hereditary factors (short parents), diseases affecting the kidneys; heart, lungs or intestines; hormone imbalances; severe stress or emotional deprivation; infections in the womb before birth; bone diseases; and genetic or chromosomal abnormalities. The Turner Syndrome (known as Ullrich-Turner Syndrome in Germany) is a congenital disease. A German doctor named Ullrich published his article in 1930. American doctor Henry Turner