Adaptive Shape Contour Tracing Algorithm
ABSTRACT
In this paper we are going to present a new shape contour tracing algorithm called ¡§Adaptive Contour Tracing Algorithm¡¨. The algorithm can trace open and closed discontinuous digital shapes and return an ordered set of boundary points that represent the contour of the shape. Unlike other algorithms that return boundary points that are part of the traced shape, our algorithm returns background points that are adjacent to the shape¡¦s contour. Furthermore, the algorithm is not hindered by shapes that are noisy and ill-defined as it can adapt to interruptions in the shape¡¦s contour using a pre-set tolerance and is able to scan multiple neighbors of a given point. The algorithm has a low complexity and no restrictions on the type or size of the traced shape. The extracted ordered set of boundary points represents the contour of a given shape and is important for curvature-based shape descriptors.
Categories and Subject Descriptors
I.4.6 [Image Processing and Computer Vision]: Segmentation ¡V Edge and feature detection, Pixel classification
General Terms
Algorithms.
Keywords
Image Processing; Contour Tracing; Shape Boundary Extraction.
1. INTRODUCTION
Contour tracing is an important process in boundary-based shape matching. All shapes are represented by a pattern of pixels and the contour pixels are usually a small subset of that pattern. Curvature-based shape matching methods rely on the contour pixels to describe the irregularities in shapes and a reliable contour-tracing algorithm is needed to extract the boundary of shapes. If the shape has holes then another hole search algorithm need to be applied to extract the hole pattern and such an algorithm is not part of this article.
We developed a sequential contour-tracing algorithm denoted the ¡§Adaptive Contour Tracing Algorithm¡¨. The algorithm computes the surrounding contour of any shape and adapts to all types of closed curve representations whether they are filled or partially filled digital shapes. Any pixel, 1-pixel wide lines, and full shapes could be traced and represented by closed curves. The algorithm also accounts for discontinuities in the shape contour and can reach nearby pixels.
The contour trace starts from the top left point or pixel closest to the shape and proceeds clockwise following the surrounding of the contour of the shape rather than the contour itself. The path around the contour is traced in a look-forward sweep pattern to find the next surrounding point that is closest to the contour. The path is then closed when the start point is found.
as a noble wife; calm and respective towards her husband. Through the way she speaks to her
When you are married you love one another and want to please each other and more all positive things about them there may be some negative but every relationship has ups and downs.
“Respect your husband as your master, obey him, and love him with all your heart, even if he acts badly towards you…Don’t pay attention to flirtations of men…Conduct yourself so no man would be so bold as to say something indecent…Hide nothing from her [mother-in law] that is in your heart, you will be spared many misfortunes” (p.16, p.23).
Retinal vessel segmentation is important for the diagnosis of numerous eye diseases and plays an important role in automatic retinal disease screening systems. Automatic segmentation of retinal vessels and characterization of morphological attributes such as width, length, tortuosity, branching pattern and angle are utilized for the diagnosis of different cardiovascular and ophthalmologic diseases. Manual segmentation of retinal blood vessels is a long and tedious task which also requires training and skill. It is commonly accepted by the medical community that automatic quantification of retinal vessels is the first step in the development of a computer-assisted diagnostic system for ophthalmic disorders. A large number of algorithms for retinal vasculature segmentation have been proposed. The algorithms can be classified as pattern recognition techniques, matched filtering, vessel tracking, mathematical morphology, multiscale approaches, and model based approaches. The first paper on retinal blood vessel segmentation appeared in 1989 by Chaudhuri et al. [21]...
Since most men have mothers to cater to their every need up until the time they move out, they have outrageous expectations of how a wife should act and what duties she should perform. Judy Brady, who is a wife and mother, wrote the essay "I Want a Wife" to explain what men want in a wife. She discusses the different skills a wife needs to possess for a man to consider her a good wife. Brady’s use of repetition, constant sarcasm, and defensive word choice throughout her essay makes it successful by relating to women’s frustrations of being a wife.
Graeme Base uses lines of different thicknesses to make the drawing look more realistic. He also uses different tones of colours. An example would be from ‘Six Slithering Snakes Sliding Silently Southward’, the main snake’s body and tail contains at least four different colours. He also repeats the way the books are place in the library.
The reconstruction Era is the time after the civil war when we started to form ourselves as a complete united country. The civil war ended in April of 1865, and Abraham Lincoln was sadly assassinated less than a week later. Reconstruction was Lincoln’s idea, and he was largely anti-slavery, so his plan for reconstruction involved all states to draft new state constitutions that completely abolished slavery. It was his ultimate goal to reunited our nation after the war. Unfortunately, after his death, Lincoln’s vice president, Andrew Johnson, took over, and introduced a different plan for reconstruction. He said that states had to take a vow to abolish slavery before they could be readmitted into the nation, but after that, horrible black codes
The husband’s inability to trust his wife fuels his inability to communicate with his wife because he thinks that she will lie to him just like he suspects her of doing with other men. The husband’s jealousy fuels the mistrust between him and his wife to a point where he does not feel like he
Areas of the The following shapes were investigated: square, rectangle, kite. parallelogram, equilateral triangle, scalene triangle, isosceles. triangle, right-angled triangle, rhombus, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon. and the octagon and the sand. Results The results of the analysis are shown in Table 1 and Fig.
...ct. Other lines form concentric circles converging with or emanating from a promontory. Other prints have formed “roads” like geometric plans and appear to have been occupied by large groups of the populations. Some of these lines can even be landing areas for planes or even spaceships. No one knows for sure.
First of all, loving is one of the characteristics that makes the men become a good husband. The husband can show their love to family in many ways. For example, the husband must be kind, patient, gentle, understand their wife. Another important thing is telling the truth to the family. A good husband usually don’t be lie on his wife because they need to understand each other and share an idea help to improve their relationship. In additions, a husband loves praises and thank wife that make they are more believing in each other. Moreover, in the public situation such as in
As I have been using some of the graphics software program such as Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop CS6 their lots of innovation and creation to play around and I have used...
By recognizing each other’s differences, you can see that you and your wife are not similar in every single category. I believe that too many people go into marriage thinking that there will not be a single hiccup when it comes to tiny mannerisms of one another. If one recognizes that there are going to be differences between each other’s personality and mannerisms, one is less likely to be caught off guard. Also, if one recognizes these differences, they can be used for the good of the marriage. An example of this would be if one spouse enjoys cooking and one spouse likes cleaning, they can have a system where they both do what they like most. Once the couple learns to celebrate one another’s uniqueness and differences, their marriage will be happier and stronger (Vive la Difference). It is also important to recognize each other 's needs. As stated in Vive la Difference, men and women are two very different beings with their own varying needs that were designed by God. Men generally have more physical needs while women have more emotional/affectionate needs. By recognizing one another’s needs, the two spouses show their agape love. By sacrificing his time, desires, and self for wife, the husband acts like Jesus did for the Church. By submitting to her
communicate with your spouse about certain issues you feel you have then you will get
If you write the equivalent of a diary entry on Facebook, expect yourself to be unfollowed or unliked! Facebook may not have to be 140 characters, but writing too extensively or too formally will cause people to simply scroll past your content. They 'd rather see the recent baby pictures their friend posted or the drama going on between white suburban moms Pam and Dianna after the PTA meeting! Be engaging, but not too time