ABSTRACT
Pithecellobium Jiringan (Jack) Prain is one of the medicinal plant sources that consist of Vitamin E. The seeds have many benefits for health due to vitamin E content which can be used as anti-oxidant, anti-high blood pressure and anti-aging. This research was carried out to identify the best parameter in order to obtain the high quality of vitamin E. The Vitamin E was extracted from P.Jiringan seeds by using Soxhlet extraction method. The parameters involved in this research are extraction time (4 to 8 hours) and type of solvents used (hexane, methanol and water). In this research, the highest overall yield was obtained using methanol as a solvent with 31.04% for eight hours extraction time. In order to identify and quantify the vitamin E present in the extracted oil Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrometer (UV-VIS) was used. The result obtained indicated that hexane is the best solvent to extract Vitamin E which has the highest concentration, 93.165 ppm for eight hours extraction time. Besides that, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) also was used in order to identify and quantify the other interest chemical constituents present in the extracted oil such as medicinal compound, noxious compound and also essential oil. The antioxidant activity from vitamin E that extracted from P.Jiringan seeds will be examined by using DPPH method. The expected result that will be obtain from the analysis is 200, 000 trolox equivalent (TE) per 100g of sample.
Keywords: P.Jiringan, Vitamin E, Soxhlet Extraction, GC-MS, UV-VIS Spectrophotometer, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
INTRODUCTION
Pithecellobium Jiringan (Jack) Prain is one of the many medicinal plants which are totally beneficial for human health which contains t...
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Figure 7: Comparison amount of Eicosene in P.Jiringan seeds
Figure 8: Comparison amount of 9,12-Octadecanoic acid methyl ester in P.Jiringan seeds
CONCLUSIONS
The extraction of Vitamin E from P.Jiringan seeds using Soxhlet Extraction was studied using two parameters which are solvent and time. From this study, the conclusion achieved is that hexane is the most suitable and effective solvent to extract Vitamin E from P.Jiringan seeds using Soxhlet Extraction, and that the longer the contacting time between solvent and the solute, the more yield and Vitamin E will be extracted. Meanwhile the antioxidant activity of vitamin E from P.Jiringan seeds can be determined accurately, conveniently, and rapidly using DPPH and the expected result that will be obtain from the analysis is 200, 000 trolox equivalent (TE) per 100g of sample.
Lindberg, D. (n.d.). Herbal Medicine: MedlinePlus. U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/herbal
Anthocyanins, flavanols, flavanones,secoiridoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, coumarins, and isoflavones form a large class of polyphenols, which are phenolic compounds. This study, however, focuses on one category of these phenolic compounds: phenolic acids. These particular compounds have been classified into two groups, namely hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids. The most common hydroxybenzoic acids are protocatechuic acid and gallic acid, while hydroxycinnamic acids include ferulic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and sinapic acid, (Nigdikar, Williams, Griffin, & Howard). Unlike hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids usually occur at very low levels in some black radish, red fruits, and onions, accounting for about 10 ppm on a fresh weight basis. Protocatechuic ac...
Rice is the major cereal consumed in almost all parts of the world. Bran oil is used as the fuel which is obtained from the Rice bran. Rice Bran is the middle part between the paddy husk and the endosperm. Bran consists of only 15-20% of the oil. RBO is similar to groundnut oil (GNO) in fatty acid composition which contains 36% linoleic acid. Edible grade rice bran oil was performed for the experiment. The methods involved for the extraction of Rice bran oil are as follows: (1) Solvent extraction of fresh Rice bran (2) Dewaxing the crude oil by miscella phase (3) double solvent miscella refining using hexane and isopropanol (4) distillation and recovery of dewaxed neutral RBO (5) bleaching under vacuum (6) deodorization at 200°C and absolute
In conclusion, E. cava is a very interesting resource, due to the presence of unique phlorotannin derivatives with special bioactivities including ACE inhibitory activity. Ethanol enhances the extraction of phlorotannins specially dieckol from the brown seaweed E. cava. By contrast, in this study phloroglucinol derivative dieckol exhibited the strongest activity against ACE. With the results of this study we can suggest that the brown seaweed E. cava could be used in development of promising and potential functional food products. Moreover, it is expected that these findings will contribute to developing interests in basic research and potential applications of the phlorotannins in the relevant fields.
26. Chanda Sumitra, Dudhatra Sandeep , Kaneria Mital. Antioxidative and antibacterial effects of seeds and fruit rind of nutraceutical plants belonging to the Fabaceae family. Journal of The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.
In this experiment, lipids from ground nutmeg are extracted using a combination of solvents and identify the lipids through chromatography. The purpose of using solvent combinations is to elute the lipids based on their polarity to binding of the silica gel. The chromatography is performed on a silica gel plate and the use of iodine to visualize the lipids. By calculating the Rf values for each compound and comparing them to the known lipids, we are able to distinguish the lipids within the grounded nutmeg.
Generally, antioxidants can be divided into natural and synthetic antioxidants. Natural antioxidants are normally found in the plant extracts which are believed to exhibit strong antioxidant activity and protection against oxidant-induced damage such as diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disease (Maganha et al. 2010). Plants, fruits and vegetables are all known to be rich sources of natural antioxidants due to the presence of phenolic compounds, which are the secondary metabolites in plants (Misan 2010; Arya and Yadav 2011). Polyphenols, or phenolic compounds, constitute one of the most numerous and widely-distributed groups of substances in the plant kingdom (Urquiaga and Leighton 2000; Gan et al. 2010). They exist naturally in the form of glycosylated which makes them the most common water-soluble antioxidant compounds present in plants ...
...tantly making efforts to discover new drugs and design better protocols for this cancer. Synthetic anticancer drugs kill the cancer cells but they are also harmful to the normal cells. Since, increase in the use of these drugs in cancer therapy leads to many side effects and undesirable hazards, there is a worldwide trend to go back to natural resources, i.e., traditional plant preparations which are not only therapeutically effective but are actually acceptable and economically within the reach of even the neediest people. The present study was undertaken to understand the effectiveness of the plants against hepatocarcinogenesis. Any practical solution in combating this dreadful disease is bound to be of paramount importance. Generally speaking, integrated approach to combine western and herbal medicines to treat cancer has proved to be relatively satisfactory.
The crude extract obtained by solvent extraction was subjected to various qualitative tests to detect the presence of common chemical constituents as:
Wheat germ oil is a rich source of dietary fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals vitamin E, vitamin B group and proteins. Furthermore, it contains some functional phytochemicals at a relatively low cost such as flavonoids, octacosanols, sterols and glutathione. Thus, Wheat germ is deemed to be healthy foods that can protect people from certain cancers and other health problems. Raw wheat germ (RWG), containing as much as 10 to 15% oil is mainly used in food, medical and cosmetic industries as a source of oil (Zhui et al., 2006). The antioxidants that are found in vegetable oils proved to be a better source for dietary antioxidants to the humans. The major antioxidants present in the vegetable oils are wheat germ oil, soya bean oil, polyphenols -olive oil and tocopherols-
Fenugreek oil has become widely popular for the unique health benefits for the body. This seed oil offers organic properties and nutritional value that helps to improve the health and fight various problems such as skin irritation, acne, diabetes, kidney issues, and much more. The oil offers anti-viral properties that help in gaining immunity from various viruses. In fact, the compounds found in the oil have the capacity to reduce the chances of cancer. People also use it for the antioxidant properties, which helps the cells to retain their health. It works as a beta cell stimulant as well. People suffering from hypertension feel more relaxed with the use of this oil. All these benefits make fenugreek oil highly beneficial. However, like
Medicinal plants have been used extensively as sources for numerous active constituents for treating human diseases and for its therapeutic value (Nostro et al., 2000). The use of plants in treating ailments has been known for thousands of years through the empirical knowledge gathered about the usefulness and harmful properties of different plants and by intuition. Many of these indigenous plants are used as food plants, added to food meant for pregnant women and nursing mothers for medicinal purposes (Edeoga, 2005). Hence it is very important to scientifically understand the chemical composition and bioactive constituent and the biological activity of the different plant part with regards to their usage in both orthodox and primary health care.
Dried and ground Sumac fruit epicarps (0.5 g) were extracted using methanol (80% v/v) and sonicated for 30 min at room temperature. Then it was centrifuged for 20 min at 3800g and the supernatant was collected into a round-bottom flask (Madsen et al., 2000). The extraction process was repeated four times by 80% methanol, the supernatant was mixed twice with 5 mL of n-hexane to purify of the non-polar fraction. The solvent was vaporization using a rotary under vacuum at 40° C. Finally, the extract was centrifuged again and the supernatant was filtered through a 0.2-lm syringe filter and stored at 20° C until analysis time. Separation and analysis of phenolic compounds from sumac extract was conducted with a series 1100 HPLC (Hewlett–Packard, Waldbronn, Germany) equipped with ChemStation software,
The phenolic compounds are the main component responsible for antioxidant activity, is mainly due to their redox properties, which can play an important role in absorbing and neutralizing free radicals, quenching singlet and triplet oxygen, or decomposing peroxides. Recently, phenolics or polyphenols have received considerable attention because of their physiological functions, including antioxidant, antimutagenic and antitumor activities. They have been reported to be a potential compound to combat free radicals, which are harmful to our body and foods systems (Nagai et al., 2003). Phenolic constituents are one of the major group of compounds acting as primary antioxidants especially as free radical terminators (Oviasogie et al., 1985; Ka, 1999). The level of antioxidants as evidenced in this study imply the presence of phenolics. Phenolic compounds comprise a large group of biological
There are three major methods in extraction of edible oil from plants and fruits. The first major method is by solvent extraction with organic solvent. This method is mostly suitable for plants with low fat content. Since every species of plant consists of different composition, hence the modification of this method is needed based on different plants. Firstly, the traditional and conventional solvent extraction has been widely and commonly used for many plants. However, some studies show this method does not obtain highest productivity in extraction. The procedures for this method are firstly prepared a round bottom flask outfitted with a water condenser on plate heater with magnetic base. The mixture with the ratio of 3:1 solvent to feedstock is brought to desired extraction temperature, and then it is placed into the round bottom flask. The round bottom flask is then placed into preheated oil bath. After the required duration of time, oil from the mixture was extracted by centrifugation. Oil extraction yield was expressed as percentage of total oil in sample divided by total oil in feed (Terigar et al., 2011). The value of total oil is then obtained from Sohxlet extraction method. Sohxlet solvent extraction method has also been used widely for determination oil contain in product. Specific weight of sample was placed in a cellulose thimble. The thimble is then fitted into a distillation flask. The solvent used in this method are hexane or ethanol. The volume of solvent used is highly depending on the sample used in the beginning of the experiment. This extraction undergoes in Sohxlet device for about 10 hours. After the extraction, solvent was expelled in a rotary- evaporator and the extract was dried under nitrogen steam (Teri...