2. Experimental Setup and Methodology
The Experiment was conducted on single cylinder four stroke water cooled Kirloskar TV1 DI diesel engine at 1500 rpm and rated power output of 5.2 kW coupled with eddy current dynamometer. The schematic diagram of engine setup is presented in Fig. 1. The engine specification is provided in Table 2. Different load were given on engine using eddy current dynamometer with different biodiesel blends and corresponding engine-out responses were determined. Test fuel properties of biodiesel and pure diesel is provided in Table 1. Emissions like CO, HC and NOx were measured using AVL 444 di-gas analyzer which was connected with the exhaust. Smoke level was measured by AVL 437 smoke meter. The test engine were allowed to run at steady state condition. Firstly pure diesel fuel was used as fuel and consequently performance and emission parameters like BTE, BSFC, Texh, CO and HC and Smoke density were determined as a reference on varying load condition for the comparison of the same with that of different biodiesel blends. During the experiment cooling water temperature was maintained at 55ºC and compression ratio was 17.5:1 and the injection pressure was 205 bar throughout the experiment. Emissions such as NOx, CO and HC were measured by AVL 444 di-gas analyzer, smoke was measured by AVL 437 smoke meter and Texh was measured using Chromel Alumel (K-Type) thermocouple. Technical specification of gas analyzer and smoke meter is listed in Table3.
3. Experimental Results and discussion
3.1 Performance Parameters
3.1.1 Brake Thermal Efficiency
Brake thermal efficiency is the ratio of the brake power and the amount of energy supplied by fuel injection, latter is the product of mass flow rate of fuel and...
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...iesel such as viscosity, density, sound velocity, compressibility [33]. Marshall et al. [34] on his experiment on Cummins L10E engine showed that NOx increased by 3.7% when 20% biodiesel were used and 1.2% increased NOx when using 30% blend. With increasing percentage of biodiesel in diesel NOx emission reduces which can be clearly seen in the Fig 7. This decrease in NOx with increasing blend percentage is mainly due to higher cetane number of mango seed biodiesel. Mango seed oil contains higher percentage of saturated hydrocarbon leading to better stabilizing properties and hence lower NOx formation. On increasing blend percentage this percentage of saturated hydrocarbon increases hence decreasing trends of NOx formation on increasing blend percentage. McCormick et al. [35] reported 5% decrease in NOx emission using 20% soybean oil biodiesel compared to diesel fuel.
I want to take over my dads business when I get older and can handle the responsibility
Have you ever wondered how Detroit Diesel has become what it is today. Detroit Diesel Corporation manufactures diesel and alternative fuel engines for use in trucks, buses, commercial and pleasure marine craft, military and so on. This is how Detroit Diesel has progressed over the years with engines and help of other distributors and dealers.
Driven in large part by global initiatives and the potential for stringent regulations, the past decade or two has seen a marked increase in the importance of improvements with respect to environmental standards, including emissions and increases in fuel economy. In 2002, Cummins Emissions Solutions was launched after the need was identified for an emission solution that would help engines meet future regulations. In 2006, Cummins pioneered a hybrid diesel-electric bus which reduced fuel consumption and greenhouse gasses by more than 30 percent and me...
World War II, the most dreadful conflict in human history, presented a new way of warfare. With new technological advancements, war was no longer fought on the ground in trenches like the previous World War had primarily done. World War II presented warfare fought immensely in the air, sea, and land as well. Throughout the European and Pacific theatres, Allied and Axis powers both utilized aircraft in bombing, supporting ground troops, and combating other enemy aircraft in air to air dogfights. As the importance of air superiority became apparent to the Allies, a need for a better, more durable aircraft engine was evident. Through the design and implementation of the Merlin engine, the allies were greatly able to turn the tides of the war,
The Diesel engine, a compression ignition, internal combustion engine, was invented in 1893 by French inventor Rudolf Diesel. Diesel continued to developed his invention until 1897. “[his]... compression ignition engine could burn any fuel, the prototypes he built would run on peanut or vegetable oil–and needed no ignition system: It ignited by introducing fuel into a cylinder full of air that had been compressed to an extremely high pressure and was, therefore, extremely hot.” The Diesel engine impacted greatly on society in many ways, both good and bad.
Prior to 1978, both manufacturers and customers had paid little attention to quality of diesel. Later, they have been realizing the importance of quality. Under-quality products may cause customers to lose production time due to engine breakdown. They may also cause manufacturers to delay engine production and incur high cots in repairing. So quality will have more and more significant implications for future business of all manufacturers including Longxi.
The diesel engines combustion process is a little different than the typical gasoline engine. A couple main things that diesel engines have that gasoline engines do not are, carburetors and spark plugs. Unlike a gasoline engine, air is first allowed into the cylinder rather than a fuel and air mixture. Once the air is compressed it creates a source of heat, then a mist of fuel is injected to start the combustion process which then creates the energy. Since diesel engines do not have spark plugs they are able to take in larger amount of fuel, this obviously means there will be more power and will guarantee better efficiency. Another thing that is very important is that diesel tends to be a better lubricant than gasoline, being that it is a better lubricant there will be less friction which will generally increase the life of the engine (Woodford). Diesel engines operate at slower speeds than gasoline engines, therefore diesel engines tend to have longer lifespans than gasoline
Brakes may be one of the most essential inventions in the developments of automobiles. Clearly, nothing can surpass the breakthrough of the wheel, but the brake system was a catalyst to the further developments of cars. The brake system has also evolved greatly throughout the years. Once considered one of the simplest parts of a vehicle, brakes have become one of the most complicated components in a vehicle. The scientific explanation behind a brake system is very rudimentary. Friction permits the concept of braking to occur.
...ch is used to replace natural gas. He also stated that, among the equipment used to burn the biofuel, the suspension burner have the ability to exceed 99% efficiency and whole-tree burner can reduce the cost of harvesting and handling woody fuels by about 35% (Brown, 2003). Moreover, the usage of bio-energy in long term is to provide a degree of ecological balance and climate change, avoid acid rain, reduce soil erosion and minimize water pollution (Gevorkian, 2007). Therefore, biomass is environmental friendly like solar energy. Based on the research that has been carried out regarding the synthesis of gas from biomass, the gas gasifies in the internal combustion engine. The relative energy density of synthesis gas is higher than the fossil fuel under certain conditions. In addition, the relative flame speed of synthesis gas can reduce the time for spark ignition.
In my undergraduate years, I have acquired a strong background in the fundamentals of basic mechanical engineering, having studied subjects such as Strength of Materials, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Design of Machine Elements and Automobile Engineering. Whilst pursuing my diploma & degree courses, my interest for Automotive Engineering grew even more having learnt more on the different types of internal combustion engines, their configuration and importance. However, what I lacked was a practical understanding on these core areas of Automotive Engineering. To gain a better understandi...
If the purpose of brakes is to convert kinetic energy into heat, then in order to know how much heat the brakes make requires that we find out how much kinetic energy there is in a moving bicycle.
Heat dissipation is the brakes ability to get rid of the immense amount of heat created by the friction between the brake surface and frictional pads. This is very important since it reduces the amount of friction that can be applied (brake fade) and it can boil the brake fluid rendering the brakes completely useless.
Most people today fill up their car with different qualities of petrol, because that's what the average car takes. They don't usually consider an alternative for the petrol that they load into their cars. Although petrol is widely used, it is not the only source for a car to get its power from; diesel and electricity are alternatives to the general petrol used by most cars. Although different from each other, diesel and electricity are alternatives to the average gasoline received at a gas station. Diesel is a more concentrated type of fuel that is usually used by big automobiles because they require a lot of power in a little amount of time. Electricity is a method that uses the power of batteries to produce a low horsepower but, nevertheless fast automobile. Electric cars are generally created to be soundless and environment friendly. The purpose of this paper is to classify and educate the reader of the different types of fuel available for an automobile to use: petrol, diesel, and electricity. The general petrol, used by most people, is usually the only type of fuel accepted on the average car in the United States today.
Diesel engines are a marvel of the world and have been since creation in 1892. Today there are several types of these engines including, two-stroke and four-stroke engines as well as the idea of how diesel engines operate. The diesel engine is a necessary component of the shipping industry as well as the daily lives of people.
Vehicles in this day and time are nothing like what they used to be. Over half of the car manufacturers are now trying to build new cars and trucks to be as fuel efficient as they can be. Although hybrids conserve more gas than standard vehicles do, they use gas, also. Hybrids do not use as much gas as the ol...