Goals of this paper are to discuss the conflict model and the consensus paradigm and explain the relation they have to crime. An in depth description of hate crimes that falls under the violent crime typology will be given and references to a few high profile cases that relate to this focused crime will be assessed. A consensus interpretation in regards to the strain theory will be elaborated upon, and then an interpretation based on the conflict paradigm will be offered.
Definition
Consensus view is one way a criminologist studies crime in a society. With this view it is understood that laws are needed and are seen as an agreement amongst the public to enforce social norms or acceptable behavior. Supporters of this view would also agree that law is needed and is practical to all whom respect it. Norms are an example of this view because it is often seen if someone in a society goes against the right or normal way of living they are frowned upon. So, just as laws are created to protect the people and give society guidelines of how they should behave if one was to go against a law they would be punished. Another view to recognize is conflict. This view focuses on the differences within a society, for instance an individual of a higher social economic class that feel as though they are better than an individual from a lower working class. This is an ongoing issue which is seen as both groups wanting the respect or power they feel they deserve. This group against group dilemma can be seen everywhere; for instance when discussing the employer and employee fairness. It is seen within a society how business owners sometimes attempt to give good benefits to offset the poor hourly wage given to their employees in the assumption business w...
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From the summer of 1979 to the summer of 1981, at least twenty-eight people were abducted and killed during a murder spree in Atlanta, Georgia; these killings would come to be known as the Atlanta Child Murders. While the victims of the killings were people of all races and genders, most of the victims of the Atlanta Child Murders were young African-American males. These murders created great racial tension in the city of Atlanta, with its black population believing the murders to be the work of a white supremacist group. (Bardsley & Bell, n.d., p. l) However, when police finally apprehended a suspect in the case, they found it was neither a white supremacy group, nor a white person at all; it was a 23 year-old African-American man named Wayne Williams. (“What are”, n.d.)
Carl et al. (2011, p. 119) suggests that there are two primary models as to how laws were created (i) the consensus (ii) conflict models. While the consensus model of law suggests that laws arise when people witness behaviours that they do not approve of, therefore agreeing to make that behaviour illegal (Carl et al., 2011, p. 119). The conflict model
581-585. Hamm, Mark S. Hate Crime: International Perspectives on Causes and Control (Anderson: Cincinnati, 1994). Jacobs, James B. and Jessica S. Henry, "The Social Construction of a Hate Crime Epidemic," The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (Winter 1996); 366-391.
It is widely believed, and reported that crime is higher in communities with higher populations of minority residents. While the authors of Criminological Thought (1990), overviewed what they considered the foundational theorists and contributors to the field of criminology, not all of those examined within the text emphasized the same things. It is the writers position that three of those contributors examined within the book, the respective theories of Earl Richard Quinney, Edwin Sutherland, and Robert Ezra Park, specifically Park’s Social Disorganization Theory, Quinney’s Conflict Theory, and Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory are often utilized to describe the plight of instability in urban communities and crime. This paper
The criminal justice system is made up of three main parts: law enforcement, the court system, and corrections. These three components are interconnected. You can’t have one without the other. The term “consensus model” describes this relationship. The consensus model supports the idea that all three groups should work together to achieve justice.
Predominantly, strain theory can be used to explain the criminal behavior of the Homicide in Hollenbeck documentary. In the course on juveni...
Critical criminology, also known as radical criminology dates back to the concepts of Marxism. Despite the fact that Fredric Engels and Karl Marx were the founders of contemporary radical criminology, none of them gave explicit focus to crime. William Bonger (1876-1940), a Dutch criminologist was a more direct founder of this concept. It gained popularity during the early 1970s when it tried to explain the causes of contemporary social mayhem. He used economic explanations were used by critical criminology to analyze social behavior by arguing that social and economic inequalities were the main reason behind criminal behavior (Henry & Lainer, 1998). This view reduces the focus on individual criminals and elaborates that the existing crime is as a result of the capitalist system. Just like the conflict school of thought, it asserts that law is biased since it favors the ruling or the upper class and that the legal system that governs the state is meant to maintain the status quo of the ruling class. Critical criminologist are of the view that political, corporate and environmental crime are not only underreported but also inadequately punished by the existing criminal legal system.
Crime is an irrelevant concept as it is tied to the formal social control mechanism of the State; deviance is a concept that is owned by sociology thus our study should be the sociology of deviance, rather than criminology
The General Strain Theory scope has an intention of providing a clear explanation for why and why not crime occurs across all levels of society, while maintaining that stress is a major cause of criminal involvement. When people experience negative emotions, such as anger, frustration, or depression, they are in result unhappy and upset, thus experiencing strains or stressors (Ganem, 2010). Crime is then a way of reducing or escaping from these strains, and it is their method of coping with their emotions. According to Agnew, “Strains refer to events or conditions that are disliked by individuals (1992,
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Today we have looked at the problem known as hate crimes and the varied causes which keep it in existence. We have also discussed some solutions to this act of hate.
Crime exists everywhere. It is exists in our country, in the big cities, the small towns, schools, and even in homes. Crime is defined as “any action that is a violation of law”. These violations may be pending, but in order to at least lower the crime rate, an understanding of why the crimes are committed must first be sought. There are many theories that are able to explain crimes, but three very important ones are rational choice theory, social disorganization theory and strain theory.
The Consensus View of Crime describes that crimes are basically behaviors that are believed to be extremely distasteful or unacceptable, in many, if not all elements related to society. Substantive criminal law, which is the written code that defines crimes and their punishments, reflect mainstream society’s values, opinions beliefs (Siegel, p.12). As it relates to consensus view of crime, the term “consensus” is used because it suggests because there is a general understand amount society as a whole of what behaviors are deemed intolerable and therefore should be considered criminal acts. Criminal behaviors are the behaviors that violate the criminal law. Acts are not considered to be crimes unless those particular acts are considered to be illegal based on the criminal law. As mentioned in “Criminology” by Larry J. Siegel, criminal law can be defined by as a body of detailed and specific guidelines about...
Crimes results from the inability to achieve monetary success of others positively valued goals through legitimate channels (Agnew and Collen, 2003,p.208). The process one that is difficult to identify and define, but it is also one that allows easily for the insertion of concepts of justice to make us clear on what street justice actually is, conflict and adaptation theory. Conflict and adaptation theory extends our understandings of the relationship between strain and street relationship. Locke argues that state of nature enforce each individual possesses the right to enforce the law of nature, that is the right to pursue punishment of those who harm his or her own life, liberty, or property. Also Hobbes, on the other hand,portrays a less ordered vision of retribution in the natural state, suggestions that during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in owe, they are in that condition which is called war. Both social strain and conflict theory relates to social control, which in turn relates directly to notion of justice both in dominant culture and street culture. It is very important to view street justice from social control and social solidarity