Julissa Tejeda
CSCI 12700
Assignment 2 Exercise 0: What is virtual memory?
Virtual memory is the illusion of memory space in a computer 's main memory. The memory manager records the bit patterns of data that needs to be stored on a magnetic disk. This data is divided into pages, which are uniform sized units of data. The memory manager then shuffles these pages back and forth between main memory and main storage. The manager shuffles the pages in a way that places the pages that are needed for the program to run in main memory. This technique is called paging. Exercise 1: Summarize the booting procedure.
A bootstrap program is permanently stored in the read-only memory (ROM) of the main memory. When a computer is turned on, the bootstrap tells the central processing unit (CPU) to transfer the operating system from mass storage into main memory. The operating system is always in a predetermined location in mass storage, even when the computer is
…show more content…
Since Linux is free, users do not have to pay licensing fees to use it nor are they forced to upgrade their systems. It is modeled on UNIX; it was designed to function like UNIX, but it has original source code. Linux is developed by the community through open source. People collaborate and share code through online forums, while Linus Torvalds oversees the development. UNIX, on the other hand, is developed by commercial vendors like Oracle, IBM, HP and Apple. Linux was developed for everyone 's use, while UNIX was developed mainly for mainframes, servers, and workstations. Linux can be installed on computers, supercomputers, mainframes, phones, tablets, and game consoles. UNIX is used in internet servers, workstations, and PCs. Since Linux is monitored by a community, threats are detected and resolved quickly, while UNIX threats take a while to be
I was very interested in computers and technology as a child, both playing games and building fake parts for them. Still in elementary school, I was fascinated by these computing machines, spending hours on end working with DOS to satisfy my curiosity. Around my middle school years, Windows became graphical, and I found interest in even more computer games with even greater experiences and capabilities. Windows was the dominant operating system at the time, but I was soon to find there was a whole different world out there of operating systems. While out on vacation in Washington, DC, my Dad and I were able to meet with the local Tech Fanatics group, HackDC. It was here where I discovered Linux. Linux, an alternative to Windows, immediately grabbed my attention when I saw it in use. It appeared to me as something that only the extreme computer users even heard of. Upon my return home,
One of the important components of software engineering is the platforms. There are many various types of computing platforms. A few of these include AmigaOS, Linux, Windows, Solaris. These examples are just a few of many different computing platforms. The types of computing platforms can be differentiated into three different categories, which include operating-system examples, software frame work examples, and also hardware examples. Each of the different platforms has slightly different requirements and means of maintenance. Even the required standards for the platforms differentiate depending on which platform being used. Platforms are a vital part of systems and for applications, and are available in many various forms. The basis of this paper is mainly to observe the differences and similarities of four of these platforms. The particular platforms being compared and contrasted with each other include: Linux, Microsoft Windows, UNIX, and Macintosh. The purpose is to look at the purpose of each of these platforms and also to perceive the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Nowadays, most of the web, email, database and fileservers are Linux servers. Linux is a UNIX system which implies that it has solid compatibility, stability and security features. Linux is used for the mentioned environments because these services require high security. Further, an increase of attacks on these servers can be observed. Additionally, the methods to prevent intrusions on Linux machines are insufficient. Further, the analysis of incidents on Linux systems are not considered appropriately (Choi, Savoldi, Gubian, Lee, & Lee, 2008). It can also be observed that a lot of investigators do not have experience with Linux forensics (Altheide, 2004).
Linux is a popular and widely used operating system and provides several options for use within business organizations as both a server and a workstation platform. Due to the open-source nature of the operating system there are various organizations who make available a server and a workstation platform along with their own customizations as part of a specific distribution.
Not long ago computers were non-existent in many homes. When computers were first introduced to the world, they were for the sole purpose of performing business functions. The only people who owned computers were large organizations. Eventually, computers were introduced into the homes of those who could afford to buy them. Today, just about everyone owns some form of system that they use daily to help manage their day-to-day operations. What many once survived without now seems impossible to do without. As technology continues to grow, it has a greater effect on families and the education system. Some companies such as Microsoft and Apple made it possible to reinvent a new form of technology that would change the world. Each company had some form of struggle and overtime had to keep up with the changes of time and the way people communicated. From the first day of its invention, organizations have had to steadily implement new operating systems to keep up with the demands of the people while staying afloat with competitors. The ways of life for many have changed as well as the way people communicate. It is evident that the history and uses of computers have changed the world but these computers could not perform without the operating systems. Various operating systems will be discussed, how they began and how they each changed since they were first introduced. Although, they all had a purpose each varied in how they performed and changed the lives of many and will continue in the near future.
Stallings, W. (2012). Operating systems: Internals and design principles (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall.
Linux has long been one of many operating systems that have been out to prove its worth in all types of environment. It is currently being considered for enterprise network purposes as well as data centers where it implies servers, workstations and any mainframes as needed. Choosing what operating system to use, whether it is open source or not, can be difficult, though. This paper projects the advantages and concerns of choosing an open source solution like Linux as administrators and users are becoming more aware of Linux running on both server and desktop systems. It is quickly being adopted in an ever increasing number of global corporations and government agencies.
Any program is only as good as it is useful- Linus Torvalds. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary an operating system is the main program in a computer that controls the way the computer works and makes it possible for other programs to function. Linus Torvalds in 1991 arranged the UNIX operating system to be used in the stead of ms-dos; Windows 95 was ran on top ms-dos. Windows and Linux are different operating systems built off different systems of code making security, stability, usability, and the communities comparatively different.
Virtualization technologies provide isolation of operating systems from hardware. This separation enables hardware resource sharing. With virtualization, a system pretends to be two or more of the same system [23]. Most modern operating systems contain a simplified system of virtualization. Each running process is able to act as if it is the only thing running. The CPUs and memory are virtualized. If a process tries to consume all of the CPU, a modern operating system will pre-empt it and allow others their fair share. Similarly, a running process typically has its own virtual address space that the operating system maps to physical memory to give the process the illusion that it is the only user of RAM.
Ans: RAM is abreviated as Random Access Memory, is the main memory of computer in which the running programe is stored temporarily , it losts its memory when computer is turned off. While Cache memory is a special memory used to decrease the average time taken by RAM to access the programe. Cache memory is smaller memory as compared to RAM but it is much faster then RAM.
A Linux system comes with a range of development tools (C/C++ Compiler, Perl, Tcl/Tk, Python, CORBA, Ada, Pascal, Lisp, REXX, Java, etc., as well as many text editors and integrated development environments), all of which are free. In order to create software under Linux, there is no expensive package to buy.
An operating system accomplishes the following tasks: interaction between computer and user, providing an environment of which programs operate, and manages files. Yet, each operating system does it its own way. Hence, it is advantageous to know the pros and cons of each operating system before a decision is made. Any kind of operating system can be utilized in most environments; it's just a matter of difficulty supporting it regarding maintenance, compatibility problems and other concerns. For example, the Mac OS X would be perfect for the graphic design department, but would not work out well in the engineering department, which is better suited for Windows or Linux.
When it comes to what makes a modern operating system ideal there are a variety of key elements. The security should be a very important part given the consistent threat of data breachers and brute force attacks. Customizability is also a valuable asset as computer users have different needs, so it needs to be considered. Furthermore an ideal operating system also is free as in freedom so users and developers can improve the code. Ultimately the security, customizability and the overall free nature of Linux make it an ideal operating system. However to fully understand why Linux is an ideal operating system analysis of its strengths are needed.
Before going into the details, it was essential to have a basic understanding of the Memory Management. Memory is the essential resource of computer system. So, its management is very important for an operating system. For this to happen, many memory management schemes are defined which are implemented through various algorithms for a multi-programmed operating system. We see in segmentation, the program is divided into variable size segments. In paging, the program is divided into fixed size pages. In Segmentation, the user (or compiler) is responsible for dividing the program into pages. In paging, the division into pages is performed by the operating system demand is transparent to the user. Paging and Segmentation doesn’t end here, as it includes, - virtual memory, advantages (users point of view and system point of view, Demand paging, page fault, Thrashing,
There are four types of memory. These are the RAM, ROM, EEPROM and the Bootstrap loader. The RAM, also known as Random Access Memory, is the temporary space where the processor places the data while it is being used. This allows the computer to find the information that is being requested quickly without having to search the hard drive space. Once the information has been processed, and stored onto a permanent storage device, it is cleared out of the RAM. The RAM also houses the operating system while in