Police officers serve and protect the people in their community. The earliest police force was established around the 1750’s. Although the first police force in the modern sense came to be over 250 years ago, the purpose they had is the same as today. As with the rest of the world advancing and progressing, the police force has advanced in many ways which have made them a more efficient and capable unit, in order to more fully accomplish their purpose of serving their community. In the next few paragraphs you will learn how training, equipment, work environment and techniques have changed and evolved in the police force.
Firstly, in the past, the training a police officer had to go through in order to be effective at their job was limited to, being able to handle the handguns and rifles and to effectively use the police baton. With the vast technological advances that have occurred, a police officer is now required to be trained in the proper use and function of a variety of new weapons and technologies. Police batons 100 years ago were small straight wooden stick resembling a miniature baseball bat. In the 1970’s it evolved to being thinner, made of metal and having a side handle for defensive purposes. Now many law enforcement agencies use extendable batons, which require more training than the original small wooden stick. Along with the increased training required to use the police baton, law enforcement officers are able to operate newer and more advanced equipment not available in the past, such as Tasers, different types of ammunition for guns, radar and laser speed guns, radios computers and even more sophisticated use of force in order to take down a suspect to name a few. The police force of today is more highly traine...
... middle of paper ...
...ne Century of Chasing Crime." auto evolution. UTC, 21Oct2009. Web. 03 Mar 2012.
- Richard A. Leo (2008). Police interrogation and American justice. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London England pg. 196-236
- Sturman, Shane. "Confrontational vs. Non-confrontational Inerrogation." CFI. 18 Mar 2009: n. page. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. .
- Williamson, T., Milne, B., & Savage, S. (2009). International Developments in Investigative Interviewing. Willan Publishing: Portland.
- Canada. Parks Canada. Rose Fortune. Web.
- Brodie, Jonathon. "London celebrates first Black police officer, Lewis Coray, hired in 1951." Canadian Immigration Report. 29 FEB 2012: n. page. Web. 1 Apr. 2012.
Interviewing requires a lot of careful planning and decision making to improve the likelihood of desirable results. There are many factors that significantly influence the direction of an interview. People conducting interviews must be cognoscente of their actions as to not contaminate the interview. “An Overview of Investigative Interviewing” (1998) is a film that depicts British Police officers conducting an interview with a victim of crime. Immediately at the start of the film, the audience can see several decisions to improve the interview. The interview appears to be taking place in a quiet and secluded office. The interviewee and the officer are seated close and parallel to each other. This setting is beneficial as it removes
involved in being black in blue. Alex was concerned with the ways in which the
Our interrogation tactics have come a long way from using physical force to retrieve incriminating evidence, which was referred to as the “third degree”, to non-violent methods of obtaining information. We’d like to think that the system we have instilled in America is perfect and fair, but that is far from the reality. Although we have eliminated physical force from interrogations, the new equivalent implemented to the third degree is psychological torture. The nation-wide system used to interrogate potential suspects- the Reid Technique- is heavily flawed and corrupt. In his book Unfair, author Adam Benforado, unveils the truth behind modern interrogation style: it coerces suspects into producing false confessions by subjecting them to grueling
The use of force, particularly with correlation to officer morale and/or inadequate education/training, has become particularly problematic. Measures should be taken to reduce the injury to suspects, particularly physical injury resulting from poor officer tactics or malicious intentions not related to upholding the law. These are problems, which, if properly handled and rectified, will result in improved officer morale, improved relationships with the public as well as ensure a continued upstanding reputation for the oldest police force in the nation.
The act of interrogation has been around for thousands of years. From the Punic Wars to the war in Iraq, interrogating criminals, prisoners or military officers in order to receive advantageous information has been regularly used. These interrogation techniques can range from physical pain to emotional distress. Hitting an individual with a whip while they hang from a ceiling or excessively questioning them may seem like an ideal way to get them to reveal something, but in reality it is ineffective and . This is because even the most enduring individual can be made to admit anything under excruciating circumstances. In the Fifth Amendment of the Bill of Rights there is a provision (“no person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself” ) which reflects a time-honored common principle that no person is bound to betray him or herself or can be forced to give incriminating evidence. This ideology of self-incrimination has been challenged heavily over the past s...
Most people believe that all interrogators are trained to use mental and physical abusive tactics because it appears on the media and news so often, therefore making it believable to blame them for false confessions. “Interrogation is derived from the latin roots inter (in the presence of) and
Skolnick, J. H., & Leo, R. A. (1992, January 1). The ethics of deceptive interrogation. Criminal Justice Ethics, 11(1). Retrieved from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The ethics of deceptive interrogation.-a012396024
Medalie, R., Zeitz, L., & Alexander, P. (1968). Custodial Interrogations in Our Nation's Capital: The Attempt to Implement Miranda. Michigan Law Review, 1347.
To show an unbiased and educated examination of the five cases involving questionable interrogations, I will give information on the crime that occurred, the problems with the interrogations and other evidence, who is at fault for problems within the case, how the defendant was cleared (if he was), and the compensation and future changes that were a direct response to these cases provided that they occurred or are in the process of occurring. The five cases that I will examine involve the accused: George Allen, Hunter Johnson, Peter Reilly, Michael Crowe, and Reggie Clemons. Each case is significantly different yet showcases many acts of injustice within the justice system.
The purpose or “goal of [an] interrogation is to facilitate the act of confessing [and obtaining truth]” (Leo & Thomas, 1998). The problem arises when an officer sits down with a suspect in an attempt to gain information or a confession; however, the suspect refuses to cooperate. So how can an officer facilitate the process and get a suspect to talk or even better, confess? Years ago this was accomplished by police through the use of force also known as police brutality. That practice has been abandoned due to the infringement of individual rights. Police were forced to seek an alternate means of obtaining information that did not rely on inhumane practices. This turnaround came in the form of trickery and deceit; called interrogatory deception. This type of psychological coercion is taught and practiced daily by today’s law enforcement. It is based on the utilitarian standpoint by police that the means justifies the outcome. This type of interrogation is performed in a way “which elicits admissions by deceiving suspects who have waived their right to remain silent” (Skolnick & Leo, 1992). For example, an officer co...
American policing originated from early English law and is profoundly influenced by its history. Early law enforcement in England took on two forms of policing, one of which heavily influenced modern policing and it is known as the watch (Potter, 2013). The watch consisted, at first, of volunteers which had to patrol the streets for any kind of disorder including crime and fire. After men attempted to get out of volunteering by paying others, it became a paid professional position (Walker & Katz, 2012). The three eras of policing in America are shaped by these early ideas and practices of law enforcement. Throughout time, sufficient improvements and advancements have been made from the political era to the professional era and finally the community era which attempts to eliminate corruption, hire qualified officers and create an overall effective law enforcement system.
One of the reasons I decided to research what kind of weapons police officers carry is because I was curious on what kind of weapons they carry, and in which situations do they use certain weapons, and how the police officers are trained to react to certain situations also I will be talking about how much police officers are disliked today. In the police field a couple of people say they do not get paid enough for the dangerous things that they encounter everyday to keep people safe or to keep the world from getting out of control, so it takes the men and women that are dedicated and strong to be able to endure all the task they go through everyday. But police officers have an advantage compared to any other job the police officers get to carry these following weapons: Handgun, Shotgun, Bulletproof vest, Duty Belt, Handcuffs, Taser, Baton, Mace, Extra Magazines, Radio, Flashlight, Knife, and Boots. As I was reading all the equipment the police officers carry I would say they carry a lot of weapons in order to keep them safe from be harmed while trying to keep people safe.
Many of today’s interrogation models being utilized in police investigations have an impact on false confessions. The model that has been in the public eye recently is the social psychological process model of interrogation known as the “The Reid Technique.” There are two alternatives used by the police today to replace the Reid Technique, one is the PEACE Model and the other is Cognitive Interviewing. These methods are not interrogation techniques like Reid but interview processes.
Current economic and political trends will affect how, and if, certain reforms take place. Some trends like the increased costs for medical services will affect officer’s salaries and benefits, while the growth of inexpensive technology with instant communication through cell phones and personal computers will improve response time and distribution of information quickly and effectively. Changes population demographics, with the increase in the cultural and ethic diversity of the population will create more of need for career equality. This will also be pushed forward by the immigration of more highly educated professionals from third world countries. Increased multinational organized crime activity will create a bigger need for better communication between countries and joint efforts to stop it. Increased concerns with crimes committed by violent juveniles and individuals with modern weapons, terrorism and threats against our infrastructure will also shape the way policing reforms to solve these increased threats. Because of greater concern with terrorism, more resources will be allocated to homeland security. These are resources that could have helped domestic crimes and police management and will have to compensate for. Even smart credit cards, DNA identification and global positioning systems will all help shape the new policing model.
When you think of police what does it mean to you? The responsibility of a police officer is to protect the public and to serve the community. Also, they detect and to prevent crime, police officers strive to maintain the law. New police officers work with the general duty as patrol divisions, that provides a range of experiences and assignments. The General duty of policing involves patrolling in assigned areas to enforce laws, protect public safety, and arrest criminal suspects either by car, foot, bicycle, or in some cases, horse. Police officers can also do some of the following: they Investigate accidents and crime scenes; to secure evidence and interview any witnesses; they collect notes and reports; they can provide emergency assistance to victims an disaster, crime, and accidents;