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My goal as a special education teacher
My goal as a special education teacher
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The goal to meet the needs of fake student, Rizzo Lizo, are: In order to be able to be successful in the 5th grade, Rizzo will be able to go from remembering one word and number in sequence to remembering three words and numbers in sequence, as measured by monitoring and charting progress In order to be successful in the 5th grade, Rizzo will be able to say two syllable words with fluidity from 30% of time to 50% of the time, as measured by monitoring and charting progress The first goal helps the student to improve his short term memory. Sublette writes goals that focus on taking multiple items and remembering one of them (Sublette, n.d.). The goal above takes one item and increases the instance of it. Using Sublette’s goal increases the rigor after the student has learned to increase his or her memory capacity. The National Dissemination Center (NICHCY) states that one of the areas that students with traumatic brain injuries suffers is in memory (NICHCY, 2012). Memory is important because it is the building block of learning. Without remembering knowledge, there is no point in learning new information. Interestingly, Jasmin notes that a common treatment for mild to moderate memory loss is cognitive therapy which is usually done through a Speech Language Pathologist (SLP) (Jasmin, 2013). This indicates that the majority of Rizzo’s services should be through the SLP. Therefore, the reason why this is an important goal is because it can expand the work that the SLP is doing inside of the classroom. The second goal focuses on speech. NICHCY states that one of the areas that students with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) struggle in is talking (NICHCY, 2012). This would make sense if the child with the TBI received an injury in Broca’s area. Damage to Broca’s area causes aphasia. However, Chudler also notes that damage to the arcuate fasciculus (a bundle of fibers
On the GORT-5, Jarrod’s average rate was one minute and 71 seconds or 131 seconds. Jarrod reads very slow and is focused too much and pronouncing the words correctly that he is not able to make meaning from the text. Although reading comprehension was his strongest skill area in the GORT-5, research on reading fluency, has shown that when students are able to read fluently, students are able to improve their comprehension. Jarrod will benefit from explicit instruction in reading rate, prosody and building confidence reading aloud.
Broca's Aphasia occurs from damage to the inferior frontal gyrus and affects speech production, which is why it is sometimes referred to as "non-fluent aphasia." People with Broca's aphasia are completely aware of their inability to produce speech fluently, so they often become frustrated.
I intend to explore the effects of a parietal brain injury from the perspective of a neuropsychologist; ranging from types of tests that are employed when trying to determine the extent of the damage, to gaining an understanding of how this damage will affect the rest of the brain and/or the body. I will also explore the effects of a brain injury from the perspective of the family members, and their experiences with the changes that occur during the rehabilitation process. According to The Neuropsychology Center, “neuropsychological assessment is a systematic clinical diagnostic procedure used to determine the extent of any possible behavioral deficits following diagnosed or suspected brain injury”(www.neuropsych.com). As mentioned previously, a brain injury can be the result of many types of injuries or disorders, thus a broad range of assessment procedures have been developed to encompass these possibilities.
Establishment consisted of teaching the children correct placement of articulators to produce the targeted speech sound across all word positions. The randomized-variable practice began once the child could produce the sound 80% of the time in certain syllables. It usually took children 1-5 sessions to complete the establishment phase. Random teaching tasks such as imitated single syllables, imitated single words, nonimitated single words, imitated two-to-four word phrases, nonimitated two-to-four word phrases, imitated sentences, nonimitated sentences, and storytelling or conversations were selected in the second phase. Participants remained in this phase until they obtained 80% mastery across two
Common forms of major damage are strokes, concussions, brain tumors, viral/bacterial damage, and drug-related damage. The three major linguistic disorders that result from these injuries are aphasia, alexia, and agraphia. Aphasia is the inability to speak, and can be caused by damage to Broca's area or the motor cortex. Alexia is the inability to read, which can arise from damage to Wernicke's area, among other places. Agraphia is the inability to write which can also arise from damage to Broca's area or the motor cortex. In addition, damage to large areas of the brain can result in any combinations of these disorders, as well as a loss of other
Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that disrupts communication and it can deteriorate a person’s coping potential and quality of life (Parr, 2001) which involve damage to the parts of brain that contain language (ASHA, 2013). Statistics from United States indicated around 25-40% of stroke survivors developed aphasia (National Association of Aphasia, NAA, 2013). Aphasia will affect both the ability to produce or comprehend spoken language and written language while intelligence is left intact (NAA, 2013). In US, it is found that the most common cause of aphasia is stroke (85%) and others including Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), brain tumor or other degenerative diseases (NAA, 2013).
Children who suffer from Traumatic Brain Injury might suffer from learning disabilities as a result of their injury.
When referring to Broca’s aphasia, patients are usually right-handed, and typically have a frail right arm. In studying his patients, he proved that the left hemisphere is influential for reconciling language in people who are right-handed (Heilman, 20...
The brain has four major lobes. The frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and temporal lobe are responsible for all of the activities of the body, from seeing, hearing, tasting, to touching, moving, and even memory. After many years of debating, scientist presents what they called the localization issue, Garret explains how Fritsch and Hitzig studied dog with conforming observations, but the cases of Phineas Gage’s accident in 1848 and Paul Broca’s autopsy of a man brain in 1861 really grabbed the attention of an enthusiastic scientific community (Garret 2015 p.6)
Younis, Younis, Hamid, Musmar and Mawson (2011) define brain trauma as ‘a non-degenerative, non-congenital insult to the brain from an external physical force, possibly leading to permanent or temporary impairments of cognitive, physical and psychosocial functions with an associated diminished or altered state of consciousness’.
The goal of this therapy is to focus on the past traumatic memories that are contributors of the traumatic problem, disturbing present situations and the necessary skills that could be beneficial to the client for the future (Shapiro, 2014). The focus of this therapy is to provide effective psychotherapy treatment without need to expose the client to detailed description of the traumatic event (Shapiro, 2014). Some of the other goals of this therapy is to strengthen positive beliefs, eradicate negative physical events, and ascertain skills needed for functioning and integrating learning (CEBC, 2015).
In physiological terms, Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia occur in the left hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for controlling the right side of the body along with speech and language abilities. Broca's aphasia affects the frontal lobe adjacent to the primary motor cortex, and Wernicke's aphasia affects the posterior portion of the first frontal lobe (3). A general distinction made between the two disorders are that Broca's aphasia limits speech, while Wernicke's aphasia limits comprehension.
Stroke is a medical condition most people are familiar with, but most people are unaware of its effect on memory functions. There have been several studies conducted that study of effects of stroke on different memory systems, how to properly assess memory damage in stroke patients as well as how to improve memory after stroke. A major theme from the course that relates to stroke and memory is the theme of metamemory and its components such as prospective memory. Personally, I believe that these studies offer hope to stroke victims and their families because memory damage can evaluated and therefore a method of treatment can be developed.
Learning and memory are fascinating. The world could not function without either. They both are used in many different fashions in a wide variety of places. Learning and Memory have been carefully studied by professionals but are also well known and used by the common people on a daily basis. I am one of those common people, a student who is constantly learning and making the most of my memory. Since enrolling in The Psychology of Learning and Memory class I have come to the realization that I encounter situations in my life that exemplify the very concepts I have studied. I have also learned that it is beneficial to apply the lessons learned in class to my everyday life. Positive reinforcement, learned helplessness and serial recall are a few among many of the learning and memory models that have come to action in my life and in my final reflections surrounding the course.
Teachers are encouraged to develop these strategies and where possibly implement them into their teaching to help enhance student memory. This can be achieved by teaching specific memory recall strategies and when to use them, examples such as visual representations or asking the students to demonstrate what strategies they find useful, are all good ideas for teachers to take into consideration when trying to improve student memory. Strategies help students when it comes to studying what they have learned in the easiest most effective way possible; however theses strategies may become unhelpful at one point in time if a child is emotionally